• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.103-116
• /
• 1994

In this study the behavior of engine cooling loss and overall heat transfer coefficient were studied experimentally using naturally aspirated engine and turbo charged engine. Using turbo charging, heat dissipation was increased because of the density of the mixture was increased with increment of inlet air flow rate. Therefore, cooling loss of turbo charged engine is larger than naturally aspirated engine. As taking the measurement of surface temperature of combustion chamber, gas heat transfer coefficient was calculated and found that it has greatly affected to overall heat transfer coefficient. The empirical formula of overall heat transfer coefficient established in order to predict of engine cooling loss and express only as a function of mean piston velocity.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.27-33
• /
• 1999

Water mist fire suppression experiment is carried out for a personal computer fire. F Fire spread is observed and analyzed by measured temperatures without the injection of t the water mist. The extinguishment test shows that oxygen concentration increases r rapidly upon the water mist injection. Also $C0_2$ concentration decreases steeply due to t the injection because the water mist suppresses combustion reaction. Relative humidity g goes up very steeply by the injection.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.147-155
• /
• 2001

To measure of thermal loading in the combustion chamber of hydrogen engine with dual injection, instantaneous wall-surface temperature and unsteady heat flux of the cylinder head are measured and analyzed. The maximum wall surface temperature is shown in direct injection region which has large heat supplied. Partial and spatial temperatures have slight deviation in transient region of injection, though injection method change suddenly. All of thermal characteristics such as instantaneous temperature, temperature swing and heat flux of hydrogen engine with dual injection are remarkably higher than those of gasoline engine. It means necessity of additional countermeasure of thermal loading.

• Water for future
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.99-110
• /
• 1992

A problem of outlet salinity from a stratified fluid with a well developed interface thickness consisting of an upper and lower layer differing slightly in density is considered. Three kinds of apparatus were used for the experimental test and salinity differences between inlet layer and outlet discharge were estimated by the functional relationship using the dimensionless values. For the critical incipient condition of withdrawal of upper layer, Densimetric Froude number is correlated by the inlet diameter and depth ratio in the tank.

• Bulletin of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.49-55
• /
• 1972

The temperature distribution and cooling rate play an important role in the investigation of heat affected zone of weldment. All the problems such as metallurgical changes, welding thermal stress, welding residual stress and welding deformation in the heat affected zone of welded joint are due to the temperature distribution and cooling rate. In this paper, one dimensional temperature distribution and cooling rate due to transient arc welding heat in the heat affected zone of the base metal are studied. Heat transfer equation for one dimensional heat flow is formed, and solution is obtained. Weld heat input formula is also formed and used. Computed numerical results show a good agreement with the experimented temper color.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.11-20
• /
• 1998

A new experimental technique using a laser sheet and thermocouples is introduced to evaluate an intuitive criterion for tracking of a smoke front using thermocouples. From synchronized photos of the smoke front along with temperature signals, the intuitive criterion is shown to be acceptable. Smoke visualization by a laser sheet proves to have several advantages over the conventional techniques such as the use of smoke generators.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
• /
• 2000.11a
• /
• pp.27-27
• /
• 2000

본 연구에서는 풍력발전용 복합재 회전날개의 개념설계 및 상세 설계 과정에서 고려하지 않았던 특수 하중 조건에 대한 유한요소해석을 통해 회전날개의 구조적 안전성을 확인하였다. 하중조건으로는 IEC1400-1 국제규격을 기초한 GL 인증규격에 정의된 것으로 대기온도변화에 의한 열 응력 효과로 $40^{\cire}$ 에서 경화시킨 후 운용되는 환경조건이 $-20^{\cire}$ 인 경우를 고려하였으며, 실제 운용중의 회전날개 표면에 발생 할 수 있는 결빙에 따른 하중증가 효과, 그리고 풍력발전기의 급작스런 정지와 정상 작동 중에 순간적인 돌풍 및 발전기 고장 등으로 발생되는 동적 하중증가 효과 등을 고려하였다.(중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
• /
• 2017.04a
• /
• pp.170-170
• /
• 2017

기후변화 따른 스마트팜 돈사 외부 환경의 변화에 대응하고, 사육 환경을 능동적으로 개선하기 위한 연구가 수행 중이다. 돈사 내 열전달 요소 간 상호 역학성 분석을 위해서 고려해야할 사항은 입기구, 보온 등, 열풍기, 단열제, 위치, 방향, 돈사의 연평균 온도, 습도, 연중 일사량, 가축의 열복사 등 상호 복잡하게 연관되어 있는 물리량이다. 돈사 전체 열손실, 자연발생 에너지량, 강제발생 에너지량, 난방용량 등을 고려한 순간 열부하 산정을 위한 여러 방법 중 우선적으로 CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics)를 이용하였다. 순간 열부하 산정을 위한 해석 도구 선정에 있어서 다양한 유체 및 기체 전산 유체역학 Solver(Fluent, Open-FOAM, Blender)를 고려하였다. 공간 Mech를 수행하기 위한 도구로는 공개 소프트웨어 인 FreeFem++ 3.51-4 (http://www.freefem.org)를 이용하였다. 이 과정에서 일부 기체 (암모니아)의 농도를 난수로 변화시키는 기법을 적용하여 가상적으로 돈사의 환경을 Pseudo 시뮬레이션 하였다. 결과적으로 Fluent에 비하여 OpenFOAM을 이용하여 얻은 열유동의 방향(속도)과 크기 백터가 상대적으로 크게 나타났다. Fluent가 시계열 상에서 혼합 기체 물리량 변화를 무시할 수 있는 안정되고 균일한 환경에 적합하기 때문인 것으로 판단되었다. Blender의 경우 Lattice Boltzmann methods 과 Smoothed-particle hydrodynamics 방법을 이용한 유체/입자 동력학 모델링을 제공함에 있어 시각적 효과를 강조하는 기능에 중점을 두었다. Fluent와 Blender에서 제공하는 해석 연산 모듈의 정확성 검증을 위해선 공간 분해능을 높인 정밀 계측 시스템을 이용하여 검증할 필요가 있다. Open-FOAM를 이용한 열부하 분석 수행이 상대적으로 높은 절대값을 보이는 특성은 열부하 제어 시스템의 Overshoot를 유발할 가능성이 있으므로 이에 대한 해석 모델의 보정이 추가적으로 필요할 것이다. CFD의 한계인 시간 복잡도를 낮추고 상대적으로 높은 시계열 분해능을 확보할 경우 돈사 내 환기시스템에 맞는 소요 환기량 실시간 산정이 가능해지고 외부기상 및 돈사내부 복사열을 활용함과 동시에 돈군 순환에 상응하는 실시간 열부하 관리 시스템 도출이 가능할 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2002

We deposited $Ba_{0.5}Sr_{0.5}TiO_3$(BST) thin-films on Pt/Ti/$SiO_2$/Si substrates using RF magnetron sputtering method. A Substrate temperature was fixed at room temperature, while working gas flow ratio and RF Power were changed from 90:10 to 60:40 and 50 W, 75 W respectively. Also after BST thin films were deposited, we performed annealing in oxygen atmosphere using Rapid Thermal Annealing. For capacitor application we deposited Pt using E-beam evaporator of UHV system. In a structural property study through XRD measurement we found that crystallization depends on annealing rather than working gas ratio or and RF Power. Electrical properties showed relatively superior characteristic on the annealed sample with 50 W of RF Power.

• Polymer(Korea)
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.367-374
• /
• 2002

Electrical characteristics of crystalline polymer composites filled with nano-sized carbon black particle were studied. The developed composite system exhibited a typical positive temperature coefficient resistance (PTCR) characteristic, where the electrical resistance sharply increased at a specific temperature. The PTCR effect was sometimes followed by a negative temperature coefficient resistance (NTCR) feature with temperature, which seemingly caused by the coagulation of nano-sized carbon black particles in the excessive quantity. The PTCR temperature was controlled by the carbon black content and the external voltage. The change of electric conductivity was shown as a function of carbon black content, and the resistance was constant when the carbon black content was over 20 wt%. The room-temperature resistance was maintained by a repeated heating and cooling. The excellent PTCR characteristic was demonstrated by the low resistance in the initial stage and the instantaneous heating capability.