• Title/Summary/Keyword: 수학적 팬텀

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Modification of Trunk Thickness of MIRD phantom Based on the Comparison of Organ Doses with Voxel Phantom (체적소팬텀과의 장기선량 비교를 통한 MIRD팬텀 몸통두께 수정)

  • Lee, Choon-Sik;Park, Sang-Hyun;Lee, Jai-Ki
    • Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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    • v.28 no.3
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    • pp.199-206
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    • 2003
  • Because the MIRD phantom, the representative mathematical phantom was developed for the calculation of internal radiation dose, and simulated by the simplified mathematical equations for rapid computation, the appropriateness of application to external dose calculation and the closeness to real human body should be justified. This study was intended to modify the MIRD phantom according to the comparison of the organ absorbed doses in the two phantoms exposed to monoenergetic broad parallel photon beams of the energy between 0.05 MeV and 10 MeV. The organ absorbed doses of the MIRD phantom and the Zubal yokel phantom were calculated for AP and PA geometries by MCNP4C, general-purpose Monte Carlo code. The MIRD phantom received higher doses than the Zubal phantom for both AP and PA geometries. Effective dose in PA geometry for 0.05 MeV photon beams showed the difference up to 50%. Anatomical axial views of the two phantoms revealed the thinner trunk thickness of the MIRD phantom than that of the Zubal phantom. To find out the optimal thickness of trunk, the difference of effective doses for 0.5 MeV photon beams for various trunk thickness of the MIRD phantom from 20 cm to 36 cm were compared. The optimal thunk thickness, 24 cm and 28 cm for AP and PA geometries, respectively, showed the minimum difference of effective doses between the two phantoms. The trunk model of the MIRD phantom was modified and the organ doses were recalculated using the modified MIRD phantom. The differences of effective dose for AP and PA geometries reduced to 7.3% and the overestimation of organ doses decreased, too. Because MIRD-type phantoms are easier to be adopted in Monte Carlo calculations and to standardize, the modifications of the MIRD phantom allow us to hold the advantage of MIRD-type phantoms over a voxel phantom and alleviate the anatomical difference and consequent disagreement in dose calculation.

Evaluation Absorbed Dose During the Breast Cancer Brachytherapy in Canine Phantom (반려견 팬텀에서 유방암 근접방사선치료 시 흡수선량 평가)

  • Kim, Jung-Hoon;Lee, Deuk-Hee
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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    • v.14 no.5
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    • pp.523-528
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    • 2020
  • The application of breast cancer, which has the highest incidence in females among cancer that is the number one cause of death for dogs, was to be evaluated the absorbed dose during brachytherapy using simulation. MCNPX program was used for simulation, and a small size canine phantom was produced to measure absorbed dose. The results of the absorbed dose was the highest at 192Ir to 1.02E-12 Gy/# for tumors, and the same tendency was shown for internal and external absorbed dose. Therefore, the selection of appropriate sources for dog breast cancer should be considered in brachytherapy, taking into account dog breeds and exposures.

Development of the EGS4 Control Code to Calculate the Dose Distributions in a Strong Magnetic Field (자기장이 인가된 물팬텀 속의 전자선 선량분포 계산을 위한 EGS4 제어코드의 개발과 응용)

  • 정동혁;오영기;신교철;김진기;김기환;김정기;이강규;문성록;김성규
    • Progress in Medical Physics
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 2003
  • In this work we developed a EGS4 control code to calculate the dose distributions for high energy electron beams in water phantom applied longitudinal magnetic field. We reviewed the electron's motion in magnetic field and delivered equations for direction changs of the electron by the external magnetic field. The mathematical results are inserted into the EGS4 code system to account for the presence of external magnetic fields in phantom. The electron pencil beam paths of 6 MeV in water phantom are calculated for magnetic fields of 1-3 T and the dose distributions for a field of 1.0 cm in diameter are calculated for magnetic fields of 0.6-1 T using the code. From the results of path calculations we found that the lateral ranges of the electrons are reduced in the magnetic field of 3 T. For a field of 1 cm diameter and a magnetic field of 1 T, the small dose enhancement near the range of the electrons on the depth dose and the penumbra reduction of 0.15 cm on the beam profile are observed. We discussed and evaluated the results from the theoretical concepts.

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Construction of voxel head phantom and application to BNCT dose calculation (Voxel 머리팬텀 제작 및 붕소중성자포획요법 선량계산에의 응용)

  • Lee, Choon-Sik;Lee, Choon-Ik;Lee, Jai-Ki
    • Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.93-99
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    • 2001
  • Voxel head phantom for overcoming the limitation of mathematical phantom in depleting anatomical details was constructed and example dose calculation for BNCT was performed. The repeated structure algorithm of the general purpose Monte Carlo code, MCNP4B was applied for yokel Monte Carlo calculation. Simple binary yokel phantom and combinatorial geometry phantom composed of two materials were constructed for validating the voxel Monte Carlo calculation system. The tomographic images of VHP man provided by NLM(National Library of Medicine) were segmented and indexed to construct yokel head phantom. Comparison of doses for broad parallel gamma and neutron beams in AP and PA directions showed decrease of brain dose due to the attenuation of neutron in eye balls in case of yokel head phantom. The spherical tumor volume with diameter, 5cm was defined in the center of brain for BNCT dose calculation in which accurate 3 dimensional dose calculation is essential. As a result of BNCT dose calculation for downward neutron beam of 10keV and 40keV, the tumor dose is about doubled when boron concentration ratio between the tumor to the normal tissue is $30{\mu}g/g$ to $3{\mu}g/g$. This study established the voxel Monte Carlo calculation system and suggested the feasibility of precise dose calculation in therapeutic radiology.

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Dose Calculation of Heterogeneous Lung Tissue on 6MV X-ray Therapy (6MV X-선에 의한 폐조직의 심부선량변화와 임상응용)

  • 이경자;장승희;추성실
    • Progress in Medical Physics
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    • v.9 no.4
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    • pp.247-257
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    • 1998
  • For effective radiotherapy, it should always be considered that calculation of different dose distribution in heterogenous tissue is important particularly on lung which has low density and large volume. To take precise dose distribution of 6MV X-ray in the thoracic cage, the authors had made a tissue equivalent phantom for thorax, measured dose distribution by thermoluminescent dosimeter and mm dosimeter, and derived methmetical equation coincided with provided theoretical formula. In comparision with isodose curve on case of homogeneous soft tissue, dose of heterogeneous lung tissue had been shown increase about 4% per cm depth on one and multiportal field, less than 15% difference on rotation field for esophagus, and around 20% difference on rotation field for lung according to the degree of rotation angle that must be corrected by dose compensation.

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Assessment of Effective Dose from Diagnostic X-ray Examinations of Adult (진단X선에 의한 성인의 진단행위별 유효선량평가)

  • Kim, Woo-Ran;Lee, Choon-Sik;Lee, Jai-Ki
    • Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.155-164
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    • 2002
  • Methodology to evaluate the effective doses to adults undergoing various diagnostic x-ray examinations were established by Monte Carlo simulation of the x-ray examinations. Anthropomorphic mathematical phantoms, the MIRD5 male phantom and the ORNL female phantom, were used as the target body and x-ray spectra were produced by the x-ray spectrum generation code SPEC78. The computational procedure was validated by comparing the resulting doses to the results of NRPB studies for the same diagnostic procedures. The effective doses as well as the organ doses due to chest, abdomen, head and spine examinations were calculated for x-rays incident from AP, PA, LLAT and RLAT directions. For instance, the effective doses from the most common procedures, chest PA and abdomen AP, were 0.029 mSv and 0.44 mSv, respectively. The fact that the effective dose from PA chest x-ray is far lower than the traditional value of 0.3 mSv(or 30 mrem), which results partly from the advances of technology in diagnostic radiology and partly from the differences in the dose concept employed, emphasizes necessities of intensive assessment of the patient doses in wide ranges of medical exposures. The methodology and tools established in this study can easily be applied to dose assessments for other radiology procedures; dose from CT examinations, dose to the fetus due to examinations of pregnant women, dose from pediatric radiology.

Mathematical Model for Acousto-Optical Tomography and Its Numerical Simulation (음향광학 단층촬영(Acousto-Optical Tomography)의 수학적 모델과 수치해석적 시뮬레이션)

  • Nam, Hae-Won;Hur, Jang-Yong;Kim, So-Young;Lee, Re-Na
    • Progress in Medical Physics
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.42-47
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    • 2012
  • In this paper, Acousto-Optical tomography is modeled by a linear integral equation and an inverse problem involving a diffusion equation in n-spatial dimensions. We make two-step mathematical model. First, we solve a linear integral equation. Assuming the optical energy fluence rate has been recovered from the previous equation, the absorption coefficient ${\mu}$ is then reconstructed by solving an inverse problem. Numerical experiments are presented for the case n=2. The traditional gradient descent method is used for the numerical simulations. The result of the gradient descent method produces the blurring effect. To get rid of the blurring effect, we suggest the total variation regularization for the minimization problem.

Impact of Contrast agent for Attenuation Correction Using CT Scan in PET/CT System (PET/CT 시스템에서 CT 영상을 이용한 감쇠 보정 시 조영제가 PET 영상에 미치는 영향)

  • Son, Hye-Kyung;Turkington, Timothy G;Kwon, Yun-Young;Bong, Jung-Kyun;Jung, Hai-Jo;Kim, Hee-Joung
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Medical Physics Conference
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    • 2004.11a
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    • pp.100-103
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    • 2004
  • Experiments and simulation were done to study the impact of contrast agent when CT scan was used to attenuation correction for PET images in PET/CT system. Whole body phantom was imaged with various concentration of iodine-based contrast agent using CT. Mathematical emission and transmission density map with liver were made to simulate for whole body FDG imaging. Various transmission density maps was generated with non-uniform enhancement of contrast agent, hypo-attenuating of contrast agent for tumor, different concentration of contrast agent, and so on. Attenuation correction was done with all transmission maps. In the experiments, we confirmed that attenuation coefficient was changed by concentration of contrast agent. From the simulation data, image quality of attenuation corrected images was affected by contrast agent and artifact was produced by contrast agent. These results indicated that the contrast agent should be used with a full understanding of its potential problem in PET/CT system.

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