• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.4 no.1 s.7
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• pp.15-25
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• 2002

The OGC(OpenGIS Consortium), which is standardization organization of geographic data, have been studied standard for geographic data such as GML and GML based annotation for image and map. Annotation for map is applicable in various ways, understanding about geographic data, decision making and exchange of communication. For instance, Map annotation can be used for highlighting tour-course as symbols or explaining it as text on a map in tourism. This study suggests some annotation methodology for national digital map and presents a simple implementation of it. Firstly, this study suggests a way of updating OGC annotation schema which corresponds with DXF format and creating a GML application schema using the updated OGC annotation schema. Also it suggest a way of converting instance documents of annotated map to VML document with XSLT and VML for display. Later, it is needed to study for supporting another formats as well as DXF format. In addition, it is needed to study for managing the history of updated map entity with annotation in Local governments UIS(Urban Information System) in practical aspects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.235-247
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• 2009

Map is information media for human life. Recently, innovative map making technology has been developed and most updated various data are provided to map users. In consequence, use of maps is rapidly increasing in various applications. One of the examples is car navigation map because navigation maps provide reliable and necessary information with convenient way. Therefore, maps are to be changed to user-oriented from map making-oriented design. The main goal of spatial data infrastructure is to allow various users to access the real world information easily for decision making. However, most of the digital maps are focused on map making aspect such as providing up-to-date data, acquisition of accurate data with state-of-the-art technology, and addition of layers (For example, ortho-images and DEMs). If map data processing tools are to be provided with the digital maps, users could utilize maps for decision making without professional software or knowledge. Therefore, objective of this paper is to propose scheme of the digital map data processing service with application examples.

• 한국공간정보시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1999.06a
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• pp.193-200
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• 1999

The major purpose of this study was to design a external metadata which fit domestic demands of the digital maps. For designing a standard external metadata reflecting the current trends of the international organizations on standardization, a prelimenary study was made mainly concentrating on the analysis of the standards of the developed countries. For better assessing domestic needs, all the metadata related material of the National Geography Institute were collected and classified based on the NGI's workflow. The external metadata draft was made considering the results from the analysis of the existing NGI material and the draft was also cited some major cores from the ISO standards. Continuous efforts should be made in the future to update the metadata draft based on the opinions from domestic users and the technical trends of the international organizations on standardization.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.207-213
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to aim at presenting efficient technique of 3-D Terrain Modelling through multilateral approach methods and to compare with raw data, using low-densed randomly located point data. The subject religion of this study are selected two sites and take into consideration for degree of freedom about low-densed randomly located point data. The result of this study by precision analysis of digital cartographic map-ping using low-densed randomly located point data bave shown that . First, making digital cartographic map, the technique of making it using low-desned randomly located point data by TIN-based results to good and fast run-time in A and B sites all together. Second, the visualization analysis results of digital cartographic map using TIN and GRID-based terrain modeling techniqus similar exacts A and B sites, but the terrain modeling techniqus by TIN-based are small data size than GRID-based with the data with the data size of saving with DXF files. Third, making digital catographic map using terrain modeling techniques by Grid-based, the standard errors of low-densed randomly located point data and interpolated data using gridding method have more good results by radial basis function interpolation techniques at A and B sites all together.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.79-86
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• 2011

Recently, aerial laser scanning technology has received full attention in constructing DEM(Digital Elevation Model). It is well known that the quality of DEM is mostly influenced by the accuracy of DTD(Digital Terrain Data) extracted from LiDAR(Light Detection And Ranging) raw data. However, there are always misclassified data in the DTD generated by automatic filtering process due to the limitation of automatic filtering algorithm and intrinsic property of LiDAR raw data. In order to eliminate the misclassified data, a manual filtering process is performed right after automatic filtering process. In this study, an algorithm that detects automatically possible misclassified data included in the DTD from automatic filtering process is proposed, which will reduce the load of manual filtering process. The algorithm runs on 2D grid data structure and makes use of several parameters such as 'Slope Angle', 'Slope DeltaH' and 'NNMaxDH(Nearest Neighbor Max Delta Height)'. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm quite well detected the misclassified data regardless of the terrain type and LiDAR point density.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.249-261
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• 2024

This study aims to leverage drone technology to perform precise surveying of the Iksan Wanggung-ri archaeological site and produce high-quality digital terrain models (DTM). By integrating drone-mounted sensors, including RGB and LiDAR, the research generated high-resolution orthoimages, digital elevation models (DEM), and three-dimensional models of the site. The results are compared against existing 1:5,000-scale national topographic maps, demonstrating the superior accuracy and detail of the drone-derived data. The drone data enables the creation of 1m interval contour lines, significantly improving terrain analysis over the traditional 5m intervals. Additionally, the integration of point cloud data captured by LiDAR provided a more accurate representation of topographic features. This method preserves the site's integrity while allowing for more frequent monitoring and enhanced site management. These advancements support ongoing academic research and heritage conservation efforts, highlighting the potential of drone technology in archaeological and topographic studies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2015

The interoperability of multi-source data has become more important due to various digital maps, produced from public institutions and enterprises. In this study, the automatic matching algorithm of multi-source building data using hierarchical matching was proposed. At first, we divide digital maps into blocks and perform the primary geometric registration of buildings with the ICP algorithm. Then, corresponding building pairs were determined by evaluating the similarity of overlap area, and the matching threshold value of similarity was automatically derived by the Otsu binary thresholding. After the first matching, we extracted error matching candidates buildings which are similar with threshold value to conduct the secondary ICP matching and to make a matching decision using turning angle function analysis. For the evaluation, the proposed method was applied to representative public digital maps, road name address map and digital topographic map 2.0. As a result, the F measures of matching and non-matching buildings increased by 2% and 17%, respectively. Therefore, the proposed method is efficient for the matching of building polygons from multi-source digital maps.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2004.10b
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• pp.637-639
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• 2004

대기 중의 오염도를 한눈에 파악하기 위해서는 측정한 수치 데이터의 시각화가 필요하다. 시시각각 변화하는 대기 오염도를 시각화하고 활용하기에는 기존의 외곽선 생성 알고리즘과 3차원 기하모델 생성 알고리즘은 적절하지 못하다. 본 논문에서는 시시각각 변화하는 대기 오염도의 시각화를 위하여 측정한 수치 데이터를 보간 후 원하는 농도 값을 찾아 규칙적인 외곽선을 생성하여 주는 알고리즘과 높이별로 구해진 규칙적인 외곽선을 이용하여 빠르게 3차원 기하모델을 생성해 주는 알고리즘을 제안한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.439-440
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• 2013

본 논문은 라이다 데이터를 활용하여 2.5차원 지적도의 구축에 대한 것으로 라이다데이터를 사용하여 지형의 수치표고모델 및 수치표면모델을 기반으로 필지에 대한 지적도의 중첩으로 입체적인 지적도 구축을 의미한다.