• Journal of KIISE
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.281-288
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• 2015

A volcano disaster damage prediction system supports decision making for counteracting volcanic disasters by simulating meteorological condition and volcanic eruptions. In this system, a program called Fall3D generates predicted results for the diffusion of ash after a volcanic eruption on the basis of meteorological information. The relevant meteorological information is generated by a weather numerical prediction model known as Weather Research & Forecasting (WRF). In order to reduce the entire processing time without modifying these two simulation programs, pipelining can be used by partly executing Fall3D whenever the hourly (partial) results of WRF are generated. To reduce the processing time, successor programs such as Fall3D require that certain features be suspended until the part of the results that is based on prior calculation is generated by a predecessor. Even though Fall3D does not have a suspend or resume feature, pipelining effect can be produced by using the program's restart feature, which resumes simulation from the previous session. In this study, we suggest a workflow that can control the execution type.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.11-23
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• 2005

The objective of this study is to develop a short-term precipitation-streamflow coupling method for real-time river flow forecast. The coupled method is based on the RDAPS model for precipitation and atmospheric simulation and the SFM model for streamflow simulation. The selected study area is the 2,703-km$^2$ Soyang River basin with outlet at Soyang dam site. The rainfall-runoff event from 18 to 24 July 2003 is selected for the performance test of predicted precipitation and streamflow. It can be seen that the simulated basin-scale precipitation from the RDAPS can be useable as an input for SFM hydrologic model. Short-term hydrometeorological simulations using the RDAPS and SFM model were well captured important hydrometeorological characteristics in this study area. It is concluded that atmospheric precipitation forecast would be useful for streamflow forecast.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 2022

To analyze the motion of aircraft through computing the dynamics equations, true airspeed is essential for obtaining aerodynamic loads. Although the airspeed is measured by on-board instruments such as pitot tubes, measurement data are difficult to obtain for commercial flights because they include sensitive data about the airline operations. One of the commonly available trajectory data, Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast data, provide aircraft's speed in the form of ground speed. The ground speed is a vector sum of the local wind velocity and the true airspeed. This paper present a method to estimate true airspeed by combining the trajectory, meteorological, and topology data available to the public. To integrate each data, we first matched the coordinate system and then unified the altitude reference to the mean sea level. We calculated the wind vector for all trajectory points by interpolating from the lower resolution grid of the meteorological data. Finally, we calculate the true airspeed from the ground speed and the wind vector. These processes were applied to several sample trajectories with corresponding meteorological data and the topology data, and the estimated true airspeeds are presented.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 2014

The radiative transfer for TIROS operational vertical sounder (RTTOV) and the community radiative transfer model (CRTM) are two fast radiative transfer models (RTM) that are used as observation operators in numerical weather prediction (NWP) systems. This study compares the basic structure and input data of the two models. With data from Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A), which has channels of various frequencies, observed brightness temperature ($T_B$) and simulated $T_B$s from the two models are compared over the ocean surface in two cases-one where cloud information is included and the other without it. Regarding AMSU-A sounding channels (5-14), the two models produce no large significant differences in their calculated $T_B$, but RTTOV produces smaller first guess (FG) departures (i.e., better results) in window and near-surface sounding channels than does CRTM. When adding cloud water and ice particles from Unified Model (UM), the $T_B$ bias between observations and simulations are reduced in both models and the bias at 31.4 and 89 GHz is substantially decreased in CRTM compared to those of RTTOV.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.2207-2211
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• 2008

한반도 및 동아시아의 여름철은 장마와 태풍으로 인한 집중호우의 발생으로 많은 피해를 입는다. 따라서 여름철에 나타나는 이러한 집중호우가 나타나는 지역, 시기, 기간, 그리고 강수량 등을 예측하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 특히, 효율적인 수자원 관리를 위하여 이러한 예측은 매우 중요한데, 단기적으로 정확하고 신속하게 강수를 예측하는 것도 중요하지만, 장기적으로 계절 강수, 특히 여름철의 장마 또는 우기의 시기와 강수량과 태풍 발생의 시기 등을 미리 예측하여 이에 따른 집중 호우의 발생 지역, 기간, 강수량을 예측하여 사전에 대비하는 것도 매우 중요하다. 특히, 최근에는 6,7월 장마에 의한 집중 호우의 영향보다도 8월에 강수량이 높아지고 있는 경향을 보이므로 강수량의 장기적 경향의 파악이 매우 중요하다. 장기 기후를 예측하는 데는 과거 자료를 이용한 통계 방법도 유용하지만 최근에는 AOGCM (Atmospheric Oceanic General Circulation Model)을 이용한 연구가 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 하지만 강수와 같이 지역적으로 나타나는 현상은 저해상도의 AOGCM으로는 유용한 정보를 제공하기가 어려움이 따른다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 전구를 삼각형으로 된 20면체로 격자화 시켜 모든 격자의 크기가 거의 동일하고, 해상도 조절이 가능한 Geodesic 격자를 활용한 GME 모델을 사용하였다. GME 모델은 icosahedral-hexagonal grid 격자 체계를 가진 독일 기상청(Deutscher Wetterdient)에서 현업으로 사용 중인 모델이다. 본 연구에서는 수직/수평 해상도를 40km/40layers로 하여 GME 모델을 수행하였으며, 일간격의 장기 기후 자료를 생산하였다. 사용된 초기자료로는 ECMWF (European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts) 자료이며, 경계 자료로는 ERA Climatology의 최근 30년간의 SST (Sea Surface Temperature) 평균 자료를 이용하여 규준 실험(Control Run), 즉, climatology 자료를 생산하였으며, persistent SST 아노말리와 ERA Climatology의 최근 30년간의 SST 자료를 이용하여 내삽 과정을 거친 SST forcing을 주어서 예측 실험(Prediction Run)을 통하여 모의 자료를 생산하였다. 특히, 규준 실험에서는 수치 모델이 가지는 불확실성을 줄이고 예보 정확도를 향상시키기 위하여 각각의 실험은 초기자료를 달리한 앙상블 모의실험을 수행하였다. 장기 모의 3개월을 위하여 모의 기간 1달 전부터 모의를 수행하여, 첫 1달은 모델의 spin-up 시간으로 분석에서 제외 하였다. 생산된 Climatology 자료와 Prediction 자료를 비교하여 아노말리와 Category 분석을 실시하여 한반도 및 동아시아 지역의 강수(Precipitation)를 중심으로 기압장(Pressure), 온도(2m Temperature) 위주로 분석하였다. 이러한 예측된 매 계절의 전망 자료 중에서도 수자원 분야에서 관심이 집중되는 여름철에 초점을 맞추어 실제 관측 자료와 비교하여 GME 모델의 계절 모의 예측성 성능을 분석하여 평가하고 다가올 여름철의 강수량의 장기 변화를 모의하고자 하였다.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.415-423
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• 2021

Recently, an R-based point time series data validation system has been established for the statistical post processing and improvement of the National Center for AgroMeteorology-Land Atmosphere Modeling Package (NCAM-LAMP) medium-range prediction data. The time series verification system was used to compare the NCAM-LAMP with the AWS observations and GDAPS medium-range prediction model data operated by Korea Meteorological Administration. For this comparison, the model latitude and longitude data closest to the observation station were extracted and a total of nine points were selected. For each point, the characteristics of the model prediction error were obtained by comparing the daily average of the previous prediction data of air temperature, wind speed, and hourly precipitation, and then we tried to improve the next prediction data using Support Vector Machine( SVM) method. For three months from August to October 2017, the SVM method was used to calibrate the predicted time series data for each run. It was found that The SVM-based correction was promising and encouraging for wind speed and precipitation variables than for temperature variable. The correction effect was small in August but considerably increased in September and October. These results indicate that the SVM method can contribute to mitigate the gradual degradation of medium-range predictability as the model boundary data flows into the model interior.

• Atmosphere
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.467-482
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• 2010

In this study, characteristics of various stability indexes (SI) and environmental parameters (EP) for the lightning are analysed by using 5 upper air observatories (Osan, Gwangju, Jeju, Pohang, and Baengnyeongdo) for the years 2002-2006 over South Korea. The analysed SI and EP are the lifted index, K-index, Showalter stability index, total precipitable water, mixing ratio, wind shear and temperature of lifting condensation level. The lightning data occurred on the range of -2 hr~+1 hr and within 100 km based on the launch time of rawinsonde and observing location are selected. In general, summer averaged temperature and mixing ratio of lower troposphere for the lightning cases are higher about 1 K and $1{\sim}2gkg^{-1}$ than no lightning cases, respectively. The Box-Whisker plot shows that the range of various SI and EP values for lightning and no lightning cases are well separated but overlapping of SI and EP values between lightning and no lightning are not a little. The optimized threshold values for the detection of lightning are determined objectively based on the highest Heidke skill socre (HSS), which is the most favorable validation parameter for the rare event, such as lightning, by using the simulation of SI and EP threshold values. Although the HSS is not high (0.15~0.30) and the number and values of selected SI and EP are dependent on geographic location, the new threshold values can be used as a supplementary tool for the detection or forecast of lightning over South Korea.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.38 no.6_1
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• pp.1395-1406
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• 2022

This study investigated the effects of the urban forest and street trees on flow and temperature distribution in the Daegu National Debt Redemption Movement Memorial Park. For this, we implemented tree-drag and tree-cooling parameterization schemes in a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model and validated the simulated wind speeds, wind directions, and air temperatures against the measured ones. We used the wind speeds, wind directions, air temperatures predicted by the local data assimilation and prediction system (LDAPS) as the inflow boundary conditions. To investigate the flow and thermal characteristics in the presence of trees in the target area, we conducted numerical experiments in the absence and presence of trees. In the absence of trees, strong winds and monotonous flows were formed inside the park, because there were no obstacles inducing friction. The temperature was inversely proportional to the wind speed. In the presence of trees, the wind speeds(temperatures) were reduced by more than 40 (5)% inside the park with a high planting density due to the tree drag (cooling) effect, and those also affected the wind speeds and temperatures outside the park. Even near the roadside, the wind speeds and temperatures were generally reduced by the trees, but the wind speeds and air temperatures increased partly due to the change in the flow pattern caused by tree drag.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.315-329
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• 2015

We investigated the characteristics of meteorological conditions related to the strong downslope wind over the leeward side of the Taebaek Mountains during the period 2005~2010. The days showing the strong wind exceeding $14ms^{-1}$ in Gangwon province were selected as study cases. A total of 15 days of strong wind were observed at Sokcho, Gangneung, Donghae, and Taebaek located over the Yeongdong region. Seven cases related to tropical cyclone (3 cases) and heavy snowfall (2 cases) and heavy rainfall (2 cases) over the Yeongdong region were excluded. To investigate the characteristics of the remaining 8 cases, we used synoptic weather chart, Sokcho radiosonde, Gangneung wind profiler and numerical model. The cases showed no precipitation (or ${\leq}1mm\;day^{-1}$). From the surface and upper level weather chart, we found the pressure distribution of southern high and northern low pattern over the Korean peninsula and warm ridge over the Yeongdong region. Inversion layer (or stable layer) and warm ridge with strong wind were located in about 1~3 km (925~700 hPa) over mountains. The Regional Data Assimilation and Prediction System (RDAPS) indicated that warm core and temperature ridge with horizontal temperature gradient were $0.10{\sim}0.23^{\circ}C\;km^{-1}$ which were located on 850 hPa pressure level above mountaintop. These results were summarized as a forecasting guidance of downslope windstorm in the Yeongdong region.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.423-441
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• 2013

On 21 September 2010, one of Chuseok holidays in Korea, localized heavy rainfalls occurred over the midwestern region of the Korean peninsula. In this study MTSAT-2 infrared and water vapor channel imagery are examined to find out some features which are obvious in each stage of the life cycle of convective cell for this heavy rain event. Also the kinematic and thermodynamic features probably associated with them are investigated. The first clouds related with the Chuseok heavy rain are detected as low-level multicell cloud (brightness temperature: $-15{\sim}0^{\circ}C$) in the middle of the Yellow sea at 1630~1900 UTC on 20 Sept., which are probably associated with the convergence at 1000 hPa. Convective cells are initiated in the vicinity of Shantung peninsula at 1933 UTC 20, which have developed around the edge of the dark region in water vapor images. At two times of 0033 and 0433 UTC 21 the merging of two convective cells happens near midwestern coast of the peninsula and then they have developed rapidly. From 0430 to 1000 UTC 21, key features of convective cell include repeated formation of secondary cell, slow horizontal cloud motion, persistence of lower brightness temperature ($-75{\sim}-65^{\circ}C$), and relatively small cloud size (${\leq}-50^{\circ}C$) of about $30,000km^2$. Radar analysis showed that this heavy rain is featured by a narrow line-shaped rainband with locally heavy rainrate (${\geq}50$ mm/hr), which is located in the south-western edge of the convective cell. However there are no distinct features in the associated synoptic-scale dynamic forcing. After 1000 UTC 21 the convective cell grows up quickly in cloud size and then is dissipated. These satellite features may be employed for very short range forecast and nowcasting of mesoscale heavy rain system.