• Title/Summary/Keyword: 수출감소

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The Treatment Results of Radiotherapy for Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer (비 소세포성 폐암의 방사선 치료 결과)

  • Yoon Jong Chul;Sohn Seung Chang;Suh Hyun Suk;Jaun Woo Ki;Kim Dong Soon;Sohn Kwang Hyun
    • Radiation Oncology Journal
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.55-62
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    • 1986
  • From Nov. 1983 through Jan. 1986, 43 patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer were treated by radiation therapy at Inje Medical College Paik Hospital. 38 patients were available for the analysis of this study. 33 patients received definite irradiation with curative intent, while 5 patients received postoperative irradiation. Chemotherapy was added in 12 patients before, during and after radio-therapy. 28 patients were squamous cell carcinoma and 10 patients were adenocarcinoma. There were 29 men and 9 women (median age, 50 years; range 34 to 74 years). Stage 1 was 1 patient, Stage 11,7 patient, and Stage 111,30 patients. Among 33 patients who received radiotherapy with curative intent, follow up radiological study revealed complete response in 12 patients $(36\%)$, partial response, in 9 patients $(27\%)$, and minimal response, in 5 patients $(15\%)$, while 7 patients $(21\%)$ were nonresponders. Median survival for all patients was 6.9 months; squamous cell carcinoma, 7.3 months, adenocarcinoma, 5.9 months. Responders survived median 7 months, while nonresponders survived median 1.9 months. Improved complete response rate and survival were shown in high radiation dose group. As prognostic factors, age, initial performance status, sex, histology and tumor location were evaluated.

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A Study on Asia Decoupling through the Analysis of Global Value Chain and Trade in Value Added (역내외 밸류체인과 부가가치 교역구조 분석을 통한 Asia Decoupling 가설 검증)

  • Oh, Hyeok-Jong;Kwak, Ro-Sung
    • Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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    • v.22 no.4
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    • pp.488-512
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    • 2019
  • This study examines the 'Asia Decoupling' hypothesis, focusing on changes in trade patterns between regions and countries, based on the latest value added trade statistics. As an analytical tool, indicators that can directly measure the degree of distribution of actual value added were used. Main findings are: Firstly, creating potential at regional level which used to be the growth engine of East Asia until the mid-2000s declined sharply after the global financial crisis. Secondly, in the development pattern of the value added distribution network, no positive change has been detected in the give-out or gain capacity of emerging countries that can generate future growth in East Asia through GVC development. Lastly, China's value added contributing capacity, as different from the hub countries in other regions such as US and Germany, has declined significantly since the mid 2000s, while its capability to benefit greatly increased, and the gain potential of advanced group countries in competition with China is decreasing. We suggest the establishment of intra-regional economic cooperation mechanism including all countries in East Asia for expanding the value creating capacity in the region.

Preparation of the Hydrolyzate Using Crab Byproduct after Water Extraction (게의 열수추출 부산물을 이용한 가수분해물의 제조)

  • KIM Young-Myoung;LEE Young-Chul;KOO Jae-Geun;KIM Dong-Soo
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.77-86
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    • 1990
  • The residue after hot water extraction of blue crab, Portunus trituberculata, was hydrolyzed for utilizing the byproducts as seasonings. The acid(5N HCl) hydrolyzates were then neutralized with $Na_2CO_3$, 5N NaOH or 5N NaOH hydrolyzate, while the alkali hydrolyzates (5N NaOH) were also neutralized with 5N HCl or 5N HCl hydrolyzate. The total nitrogen and formol nitrogen contents increased, and the platability of the hydrolyzates was also enhanced by neutralization. The released amino acid contents from the neutralized hydrolyzates with $Na_2CO_3$, 5N NaOH and 5N NaOH hydrolyzate were $2,274mg\%,\;2,105.0mg\%$ and $2,683.5mg\%$, respectively. Amino acid contents from the neutralized hydrolyzates with 5N HCl and 5N HCl hydrolyzate were $1,352.5mg\%$ and $2,498.8mg\%$, respectively. In the decolorization of hydrolyzates using decolorization agent, powdered active carbon showed good decolorizing effect. Powdered active carbon decreased total nitrogen and formol nitrogen contents in direct relationship to the increase in its concentration. The effective concentration of active carbon used as decolorization agent showed as $1\~2\%$ of the crab hydrolyzate. Salt contents could be decreased at 37 brix by desalination method such as the evaporation of the hydrolyzate contents.

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A Study on the Safety of a Screening X-ray Laboratory Using Containers in accordance with the COVID 19 Outbreak (COVID 19 유행에 따른 컨테이너를 이용한 선별 X-선 검사실의 안전성에 대한 고찰)

  • Kim, Jae-Seok
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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    • v.14 no.4
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    • pp.425-431
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    • 2020
  • When a radiation generating device is installed in an export container due to COVID-19, the purpose of this study was to measure the space dose in the radiation room and to study the effectiveness of the shielding wall in the laboratory. Air dose measurement method was set behind the X-ray tube, 50 cm, 100 cm, 200 cm, and measured 12 locations. The dose values before and after the use of the movable radiation shielding wall were compared by measuring 3 locations behind the X-ray tube using the movable radiation shielding wall. The measured values were 50 cm on the left behind the X-ray tube: 1.446 μSv, behind the X-ray tube: 0.545 μSv, and 50 cm on the right behind the X-ray tube: 1.466 μSv. Measurements behind the radiation barrier were 0.190 μSv, 0.204 μSv, and 0.191 μSv. As a result of performing the corresponding sample t test of the average value according to the use of movable barrier walls, p <0.001 was found. As a result of the actual measurement, the medical exposure of the examiner due to the shielding wall in the laboratory decreased to 82.3%. In order to reduce occupational exposure in screening radiological laboratories, it is recommended that sufficient separation from radiation sources and the use of shielding walls are recommended.

Histological Changes in Reproductive Organs of Pubescent Male Mice in Response to ICI 182, 780 Treatment and Recovery of the Organs with Time (ICI 182, 780을 투여한 사춘기 수컷 생쥐 생식기관의 조직학적 변화와 시간에 따른 회복)

  • Mo, Yun Jeong;Choi, Hayana;Cho, Young Kuk;Park, Mi Suk;Cho, Hyun Wook
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.25 no.12
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    • pp.1415-1424
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    • 2015
  • ICI 182, 780 (ICI) has been used as an estrogen receptor inhibitor in several mammalian species. This study was conducted to observe histological changes in the reproductive system of pubescent male mice following ICI treatment, as well as to investigate the recovery of the organs over time. To accomplish this, ICI at 5 mg/0.1 ml of castor oil was subcutaneously injected into 5-week-old male mice once per week for 4 weeks. The mice were then randomly divided into no-recovery, 150-day recovery, and 300-day recovery groups. The testis of the no-recovery group showed atrophy of the seminiferous tubules, with decreased Sertoli cell numbers and thickness of the germinal epithelium. In the epididymis, the cell height of epithelial tissues was altered, but these changes were not observed in the 300-day recovery group. In the efferent ductule, the luminal diameter was increased, but the cell height of the epithelial tissues was decreased. In the prostate and seminal vesicles, the cell height of the epithelial tissues was increased, and these changes were not observed in the 150-day recovery group. These results show that ICI causes histological changes in pubescent male reproductive organs but that these changes are resolved with time.

Structural Decomposition Analysis for Energy Consumption of Industrial Sector with Linked Energy Input-Output Table 00-05-08 (접속불변에너지산업연관표 00-05-08을 이용한 산업별 에너지소비 변화량의 구조분해분석)

  • Kim, Yoon Kyung;Jang, Woon Jeong
    • Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.255-289
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    • 2011
  • This study made linked Energy IO Table 00-05-08 of 76 sectors in intermediate sectors and analyzed structural decomposition analysis in energy consumption change in industrial sector with both by aggregate data and micro data. Structural decomposition analysis focused value added level change, value added share change of each industry, output structural change of each industry and energy intensity change of each industry as factors. Supply side model based on Ghosh inverse matrix was applied as empirical model because Korea has export driven industrial structure. Empirical results with aggregate data showed that value added change increased energy consumption and output structural change of each industry decreased energy consumption in both 2000~2005 and 2005~2008. However value added share change and energy intensity change caused opposite direction in energy consumption change with time. Policy based on aggregate data can not evaluate effort of each industry in energy efficiency and make effective results because aggregate data delete character of each industry.

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Genetic Diversity of Rana catesbiana Captured on various sites in Korea based on mitochondrial ND1 sequence (미토콘드리아 ND1 유전자 염기서열 비교를 통한 국내 서식 황소개구리의 유전적 다양성 조사)

  • Lee Ji-Young;Shim Jae-Man;Joung Insil
    • Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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    • 2005.05a
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    • pp.297-300
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    • 2005
  • 1970년대 식용을 위한 양식을 목적으로 일본에서 수입된 황소개구리가 국내 하천과 호서생태계에 큰 피해를 주었으나, 최근 급속히 그 개체수가 줄어든 것으로 추정되므로 이번 연구에서는 국내에 서식하는 북미산 황소개구리의 유전자 분석을 통하여 개체동태군에 대한 유전적 연관을 조사하였다. 이를 위하여 전라남도 지역에서 서식하는 황소개구리를 채집하여 이미 발표된 북미산 황소개구리와 미토콘드리아 ND1/tRNA 유전자 1215bp의 염기서열을 비교, 분석하였다. 북미산과 비교하였을 때 조사한 국내 서식 개체 모두에게 ND1/tRNA 유전자 1개 위치에서 염기변화가 발견되었으나 이는 도입 개체군의 유전자인지 국내 특이변이가 진행된 것인지 확실하지 않다. 또한 조사한 개체 일부에서 유전자 염기서열의 6위치에서의 변이가 발견되었으나 국내 서식 황소개구리는 미국산 황소개구리와의 유전적 차이가 거의 없으며, Kimura-2-parameter 분석결과 국내 서식 황소개구리 개체 내에서 $98.7\%\~100\%$의 높은 유사성을 보여 종내 유전적 차이가 거의 없는 것으로 보인다. Neighbor-Joining과 Maximum Parsimony 분석 결과, cluster를 이루는 개체군의 차이를 보였으므로 개체들이 분화되어 나온 시점과 위치가 다른 것으로 확인되었지만 장흥, 영암, 고흥의 개체가 국내 도입시기의 개체군에 속하며 광주, 남평 지역의 개체군이 고흥의 한 개체로부터 분화되어 나왔음을 추정할 수 있다. 이러한 결과로부터 국내에 서식하는 황소개구리가 도입 후 지역 특이적 분화가 일어났다고 결정하기는 무리가 있으며, 이와 같이 유전적 유전도가 높은 개체들간의 교배에 따른 유전적유전적 다양성의 감소가 최근에 관찰되는 국내산 황소개구리의 급격한 감소원인들 중의 하나일 가능성을 시사한다.년도) 18,756, 2045(년도) 22,595, 시장점유율 증가로 인한 수출액 증가분 누적(억원) : 2015(년도) 3,411, 2025(년도) 8,847, 2035(년도) 14,433, 2045(년도) 18,005 또한 시나리오 비교평가를 실시하여 본 결과, 본 연구에서 정의한 순편익 누적(Cumulative Net Profit) 변수를 적용하면 현재 연구비 추세 대비 $30\%$ 까지 연구비를 증가 시키는 것이 효율적임을 알 수 있었다.성, 생산 용이성, 제품 디자인의 우수한 정도가 a=0.01 수준 하에서 유의적으로 추정되었다. 이들 변수들 중에서 품질경쟁력에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 측정변수는 제품의 기본 성능, 수명(내구성), 신뢰성, 제품 디자인의 순서로 추정되었다. 이것은 한국 제조업이 아직 산업 디자인이 품질경쟁력에 크게 영향을 미치는 성숙단계에 이르지 못하였음을 의미한다. (2) 제품 디자인에게 영향을 끼치는 유의적인 변수는 연구개발력, 연구개발투자 수준, 혁신활동 수준(5S, TPM, 6Sigma 운동, QC 등)이며, 제품 디자인은 우선 품질경쟁력을 높여 간접적으로 고객만족과 고객 충성을 유발하는 것으로 추정되었다. 상기의 분석결과로부터, 본 연구는 다음과 같은 정책적 함의를 도출하였다. 첫째, 신상품 개발과 혁신을 위한 포괄적인 연구개발 프로젝트를 품질 경쟁력의 주요 결정요인(제품의 기본성능, 신뢰성, 수명(내구성) 및 제품 디자인)과 연계하여 추진해야 할 것이다. 둘째, 기업은 디자인 경영 마인드 제고와 디자인 전문인력 양성을, 대학은 디자인 현장 업무를 통하여 창의력 증진과 기획 및 마케팅 능력 교육을, 정부는 디자인 기술개발 및 디자인 교육지원의 강화를 통하여 각각 디자인 경쟁력$\rightarrow$품질경쟁력을 제고시켜야 할 것이

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Concentration Effect of Estrogen Receptor-${\alpha}$ Selective Agonist on the Morphology of Reproductive Organs of the Male Mice (수컷 생쥐 생식기관의 형태에 미치는 에스트로겐 수용체 알파의 선택적 촉진제의 농도별 영향)

  • Han, Ji-Yeon;Cho, Young-Kuk;Cho, Hyun-Wook
    • Applied Microscopy
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    • v.41 no.1
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    • pp.37-45
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    • 2011
  • Known as a female hormone, estrogen, has an effect on the male reproductive organs. The estrogen has to combine with the estrogen receptor to communicate a signal. Propyl pyrazole triol (PPT) is an estrogen receptor alpha selective agonist with a 410-, or 1,000-fold relative binding affinity for estrogen receptor alpha versus estrogen receptor beta. In this study, adult male mice were treated weekly with subcutaneously injections of PPT (0.01 mg, 0.1 mg, 1mg and 4 mg) suspended in castor oil (as control) for 8 weeks and observed histologically changes in testis, efferent ductule and epididymis. In the high concentrations of PPT 4 mg treatment group, a remarkable reduction was observed in the weight of the body, testis and epididymis. Microscopic examination revealed a reduction in seminiferous tubular diameter of the testis, and epithelial cell height of the epididymis in treated group during the experiment. In addition, as the diameter of the efferent ductule increased gradually, the height of epithelial cells was decreased. PPT 4 mg treatment group caused inhibition of spermatogenesis due to atrophied germinal epithelium in the testis, and decrease of adipocyte size attached to the epididymis. Sperm was not observed in the caudal epididymis of PPT 4 mg treated group. In conclusion, the injection of high concentrations of PPT into adult male mice induced physiological changes, such as an inhibition of spermatogenesis, and also histological changes within the reproductive organs.

Anti-diabetic effect and effect on glucose-phosphorylase activities of the leaf of Eriobotryae folium on diabetes mellitus mice induced by interleukin-1β (비파엽(枇杷葉)의 항당뇨병약리활성(抗糖尿病藥理活性)과 IL-1β유발당뇨병(誘發糖尿病) 마우스의 췌장(膵臟) 인산화효소(燐酸化酵素)에 미치는 효과(效果)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Yoon, Cheol-Ho;Jeong, Ji-Cheon;Kim, Cheorl-Ho
    • The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.75-86
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    • 1998
  • Studies were conducted on anti-dibetic effect of the water extract from leaves of Eriobotryae folium, which had been used in Korea as a remedy for dibetes. The extract was found to inhibit the increase in the plasma level of sugar bu the not the decrease in the plasma level of insulin in alloxan-induced dibetic rats. Also, we investigated the in vivo effect of an aqueous extract (referred to as EF) from Eriobotryae folium on glucokinase and hexokinase activities of diabetes mellitus induced by interleukin-$1{\beta}$ ($IL-1{\beta}$). After 1 week of $IL-1{\beta}$ injection, the levels of serum glucose concentration and insulin secretion were dramatically increased. However, the insulin secretion was decreased with administration of EF. The level of glucose concentration was decreased by EF administration. Furthermore, it was observed that EF was effective in recovering the levels of insulin secretion. Enzyme activities of the glucokinase and hexokinase, which are key enzymes of glucose phosphorylastion, were decreased by $IL-1{\beta}$. EF administration to the mice allowed proportional increasing by stimulation of induction of enzyme activities as high as normal group. These results suggested that EF is highly effective in treatment of diabetes mellitus induce by $IL-1{\beta}$.

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An Analysis of Economic Impacts of Korea-US FTA on Hallabong Market (한·미 FTA가 한라봉 시장에 미치는 경제적 파급영향 분석)

  • Kim, Tae-Ryun;Kim, Hwa-Nyeon;Kim, Bae-Sung
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.725-731
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    • 2020
  • This study analyzed the impact of increasing orange imports on the domestic fruit markets, focusing on the period January to May when oranges were imported and sold intensively after implementation of the Korea-US FTA. In this study, only citrus fruits that compete with U.S. oranges were limited to domestic fruits; of these, Hallabong, which is consistent with consumption of U.S. oranges, was selected as an analysis target. A dynamic recursive simulation model was established to evaluate the ex-post effects of the Korea-U.S. FTA, and to conduct mid and long-term forecasts for the Hallabong market. In addition, major policy simulations were performed on the Hallabong market to assess the effect of each scenario. The ex-post impact evaluation reveals that between December and February, Hallabong had no effect on the seasonal tariff of oranges. However, from 2012 to 2017, the actual import decreased by 21.9 billion won annually due to the TRQ, with the accumulated 6-year decrease being 131.5 billion won. Major policy simulation analysis shows that the change in the unit cost of import due to the U.S orange crop and the increase of Hallabong export will help in expanding the market, and thus effectively increase income.