• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.580-587
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• 2019

Benthic macroinvertebrates were analyzed in March, June, September, and December 2018 to evaluate water quality in the Songji River in Sacheon-ci, Korea. The identified benthic macroinvertebrates included 447 individuals belonging to 20 species, 18 families, 12 orders, 5 classes, and 3 phyla. Various ecological parameters were estimated for evaluation of the river status. The total ecological score of benthic macroinvertebrate community (TESB) varied from 17 (Station D) to 41 (Station A). The saprobic index and ecological score of benthic macroinvertebrate community (ESB) for the evaluation of river status revealed a water quality evaluation at Station A of II (oligosaprobic), indicating some satisfactory water protection. The benthic macroinvertebrate index (BMI) varied from 25.207 (Site C) to 39.348 (Station A). The evaluation of the river status at Stations C and D was polysaprobic, and sensitive taxa were absent. The mean Shannon-Weaver index (H') of diversity varied from 1.288 (Station D) to 2.250 (Station A). The classification of saprobity based on H' was ${\beta}$-mesosaprobic at Station A and ${\alpha}$-mesosaprobic at the other stations. The value of geometric density was varied from 1.229 (Station A) to 2.071 (Station D), with a mean of 1.582. An artificial load is being added to this river. One of load is the rectal river construction which flows straight through the river physics. Thus, the environment of living organisms deteriorates due to insufficient water. In order to secure the quality of the Songji River and a good environmental habitat, several low-height stepped-beam structures are required.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.245-255
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• 2022

Evaluating the qualitative the qualitative process of water resources by using various indicators, as one of the most prevalent methods for optimal managing of water bodies, is necessary for having one regular plan for protection of water quality. In this study, zoning maps were developed on a yearly basis by collecting and reviewing the process, validating, and performing statistical tests on qualitative parameters҆ data of the Iranian aquifers from 1995 to 2020 using Geographic Information System (GIS), and based on Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW), Radial Basic Function (RBF), and Global Polynomial Interpolation (GPI) methods and Kriging and Co-Kriging techniques in three types including simple, ordinary, and universal. Then, minimum uncertainty and zoning error in addition to proximity for ASE and RMSE amount, was selected as the optimum model. Afterwards, the selected model was zoned by using Scholar and Wilcox. General evaluation of groundwater situation of Iran, revealed that 59.70 and 39.86% of the resources are classified into the class of unsuitable for agricultural and drinking purposes, respectively indicating the crisis of groundwater quality in Iran. Finally, for validating the extracted results, spatial changes in water quality were evaluated using the Groundwater Quality Index (GWQI), indicating high sensitivity of aquifers to small quantitative changes in water level in addition to severe shortage of groundwater reserves in Iran.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.355-360
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• 2021

As the domestic water management policy shifted from concentration-oriented water management to load management-centered Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL), water quality and aquatic ecosystems brought changed. However, it was difficult to determine whether the water quality and the health of the aquatic ecosystem improved after the implementation of the TMDL due to changes in pollutant sources and discharge fluctuations ect, so the effect was analyzed using a log-linear model and biological indicators (Benthic Macroinvertebrates). As a result, BOD and T-P concentrations in the Jinwi River Watershed were reduced by 30% and 35%, showed the effect of improving water quality, however the benthic macroinvertebrates index (BMI) downgraded from grade D to grade E. Therefore, efforts to cultivate ecologicalrivers are necessary to upgrade the health of the aquatic ecosystem in the river watershed.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.115-121
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• 2015

In order to assess the water quality of Kumho river using Diatom Assemblage Index to organic water pollution (DAIpo) and to campare from the previous water quality, 5 sites in Kumho river were selected and assessed total of 6 times, every April and September from April 2010 to September 2012. As a result, 116 taxa were found in 2 Order, 3 Suborder, 7 Families, 26 Genera, 103 species and 13 varieties. Saprophilous species of 10 dominant species including Achnanthes minutissima, were increased as going to downstream sites. Correlation coefficients (r) between epilithic diatom communities and physicochemical factors were from - 0.62 to 0.71. Correlation coefficients (r) between TN and diatom indices (DAIpo, TDI) were 0.57 and 0.65, respectively. Therefore, epilithic diatom communities were greatly influenced by TN. The Correlation between DAIpo and TDI measured to be high in correlation coefficient (r=0.62) from the result of correlation analysis. Mean of DAIpo values ranged between 37.24~74.98 and decreased as going to downstream sites. Saprobic level was estimated as ${\beta}$-oligosaprobic at st. 1, ${\alpha}$-oligosaprobic at st. 2 and ${\beta}$-mesosaprobic at st. 3. But st. 4 and 5 which were ${\alpha}$-mesosaprobic and polysaprobic in the previous results, were improved as ${\beta}$-mesosaprobic. The RPId, general assessment of the water quality using DAIpo, was 52.27, which means the water quality of Kumho river was middle level.

• Proceedings of the KSEEG Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.223-225
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• 2003

충북 보은군 회남면 조곡리와 분저리 일대에는 옥천누층군의 변성퇴적암에 속하는 문주리층, 창리층, 황강리층 및 국사봉층이 분포한다. 특히 국사봉층에는 모암의 주향연장을 따라 3～6매의 저품위 탄층이 단속적으로 배태되어 있어, 이를 대상으로 개발되었던 한도탄광, 부국탄광, 삼성제일탄광 및 보은제일탄광이 있다. 각각의 탄광주변에는 탄층을 따라 노두의 여러 곳에 갱도와 지표 채굴적이 산재한다. 노두에서 관찰되는 탄층은 수직 20 m 내외에서 10～300 cm의 폭을 보이나 대부분 100 cm 미만이다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.05b
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• pp.1296-1301
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• 2005

하천자연도 평가는 하천이용과 보전, 복원계획에 대한 적합성의 근거를 파악하고 이에 가치를 부여하기 위해 주로 평가가 이루어진다. 최근 많은 하천들이 자연형 공법을 적용하여 정비되고 있지만 하천 정비에 따른 실효성 검토가 제대로 이루어지지 않고 있다. 자연형 하천으로 정비된 하천의 실효성을 검토하는 하나의 방법으로 지속적인 모니터링을 통해 하천생태계의 구조와 기능을 파악하고 수집된 자료를 분석하여 공사전과 공사후 하천자연도를 평가할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 GIS를 이용하여 공사전과 공사후의 하천자연도 평가를 수행하였다. 평가항목은 종단면, 횡단면, 하상구조, 하천주변, 하천수질, 식생, 어류, 조류 등 8개 부문 29개 항목을 반영하였고 공사전과 후의 자연도 평가를 비교하기 위해 공사전 모니터링을 통해 얻은 자료를 바탕으로 부문별 평가항목 7개 부문에 17항목을 평가하였다. 평가의 척도는 정량적 지수로서 $1\~5$의 점수로 하였고 하천자연도의 표현은 5등급 체계로 구분하고 가중치는 부문별로 동일하게 하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 공사전 평가지수 3.3으로 하천자연도 III등급이었으나 공사후에는 평가지수 2.7로 II등급을 나타내었다.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.970-979
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• 2012

The purpose of study was to analyze the ecological health of the Namcheon Stream using Index of Biotic Integrity(IBI) Qualitative Habitate Evaluation Index(QHEI) and Water quality condition. Diatom samples were collected from ten sampling sites in the stream at total four times in 2006 and 2007. To assess ecological health of the stream, it was used modify metrics proposed by USEPA(1999). IBI values of the stream averaged 23 which was judged as a "fair". Physical habitate evaluation analysis showed that QHEI values in the stream averaged 57 indicating a "poor" condition. Water quality condition in the stream averaged "II" indicating a "a little good" condition In conclusion, ecological health of the Namcheon Stream was "fair" condition that means habitate minimally disturb in the aquatic environment and relatively good water quality. Especially, St. 6 St. 7, St. 8, and St. 9 showed that QHEI values in the stream averaged 47 indicating a "poor" condition. St. 6 exists mostly to interfere with the flow of the river piers and artificial beams around. They are also serious disturbance at riverbed structure in aquatic ecosystems. St. 10 was good about habitate condition however, it was disturbance of aquatic ecosystems due to nutrient. It is suggest that St. 10 needs to be managed for nutrient inflows.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.233-239
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• 2008

In order to access the water quality using epilithic diatom assemblage index to organic water pollution (DAIpo) in the lower part of the Han River, the diatom samples were collected biweekly at 2 stations by means of artificial substrates of ceramic tiles from February, 2004 to February, 2005. A total of 60 taxa, representing 18 genera 51 species, 7 varieties and 2 forms, of diatoms were identified in the present study. Dominant percentages of Aulacoseria granulata and Melosira varians (Indifferent taxa) were 22.76$\sim$30.30% and 17.44$\sim$34.78%, respectively, and Nitzschia palea (Saprophilous taxa) were 15.00$\sim$31.76% at St. 1. In St. 2, the percentages of dominant species, N. palea, were 19.86$\sim$58.20%. Average DAIpo index was 40.6 in St. 1 and 32.1 in St. 2, and the saprobic level was shown $\beta$-mesosaprobic in the lower part of the Han River. It is suggested that epilithic diatoms as bioindicators and a DAIpo index indicate useful for analy-zing assessment of the water quality.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.3-15
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• 2001

The in situ observations and the seawater analyses were conducted for 3 years from August 1996 to August 1999 in order to elucidate and evaluate seasonal variations of marine water quality and trophic state in Mokpo harbour of Korea. Compared the seasonal seawater qualities of Mokpo harbour with the OECD standards of trophic classification in parameters such as Secchi depth, dissolved inorganic nitrogen, phosphate phosphorus and chlorophyll-a, the trophic level of seawater in Mokpo harbour was evaluated to be in mesotrophic or eutrophic state through all 4 seasons and to be in eutrophic state, particularly In summer. The estimation of pollution index by eutrophication showed the seawater quality of Mokpo harbour to deteriorate and fall under the regular grades through all 4 seasons, although the seawater quality of Mokpo harbour was evaluated to be equivalent to the second or third class of the Korean seawater quality standards in view of COD values. The results of eutrophication index estimation showed the high potentiality of red tide occurrence In Mokpo harbour, particularly in summer or fall. In the light of the average atomic ratio of N/P in seawater, the limiting nutrient factor against the growth of phytoplankton was concluded to be phosphorus rather than nitrogen in Mokpo Harbour.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.393-402
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• 2023

Drought, which has been increasing in frequency and magnitude due to recent abnormal weather events, poses severe challenges in various sectors. To address this issue, it is important to develop technologies for drought monitoring, forecasting, and response in order to implement effective measures and safeguard the ecological health of aquatic systems during water scarcity caused by drought. This study aimed to predict water quality fluctuations during drought periods by integrating the watershed model HSPF and the water quality model QUAL-MEV. The researchers examined the SPI and RCP 4.5 scenarios, and analyzed water quality changes based on flow rates by simulating them using the HSPF and QUAL-MEV models. The study found a strong correlation between water flow and water quality during the low flow. However, the relationship between precipitation and water quality was deemed insignificant. Moreover, the flow rate and SPI6 exhibited different trends. It was observed that the relationship with the mid- to long-term drought index was not significant when predicting changes in water quality influenced by drought. Therefore, to accurately assess the impact of drought on water quality, it is necessary to employ a short-term drought index and develop an evaluation method that considers fluctuations in flow.