• 설비공학논문집
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• 제18권8호
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• pp.656-663
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• 2006

The convective heat transfer on the outer surface of tube arrays perpendicular to the flow direction was experimentally investigated. The test sections which include the aligned and staggered arrangements were made and the local heat transfer coefficients on the outer surface of the tube were measured after the flow has been fully developed. The results showed that the local heat transfer coefficients of the staggered arrangement, which has transverse pitch of 0.075 m and longitudinal pitch of 0.08 m, were about 15% greater than that of the aligned arrangement. Also, the overall mean Nusselt number of the former was greater than that of the latter. It is verified that the results obtained by using the simulation show the same tendency with those of experiment.

• 에너지공학
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.28-34
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• 2006

고온의 연소가스를 교란시키고 열교환 요소와 오랜시간 접촉하도록 원관을 옆으로 서로 맞대어 붙인 후 이 원관의 배열과 수직한 방향으로 연소가스가 흐르도록 설계된 열교환기에 대하여 실험적으로 열전달특성을 조사하기 위해서 유동이 충분히 발달한 영역에서 관 외부 원주방향으로 스테인레스 박판을 부착하고 직류 전원공급기를 통해 열유속을 주어, 관 주위의 대류열전달계수를 측정하였다. 실험 결과 세로피치 0.075 m, 가로피치 0.08 m이고 엇갈림 배열일 때 열전달계수가 15% 정도 차이가 크게 났으며, 레이놀즈수가 증가할수록 열전달계수도 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 전체 평균 누셀트 수도 엇갈림 배열이 정렬배열에 비해 높게 나타났다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.594-598
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• 2008

The metal catalyst particles which there is as impurities on a tip part of carbon nanotube (CNT) are not good to apply it to a nano-electronic device. It was very important the opening of CNT-tip to fix a target bio material and a material to accept in CNT in a biosensor, so we performed $HNO_3$ wet etching to remove the metal catalyst particle which there was on a tip part of CNT grown up in the study and observed the opened CNT-tip with etching time. We synthesized the CNTs using a HF-PECVD method and choses the CNT length of 700 nm for the application of nano-electronic device such as a biosensor etc.. We observed the opened CNT-tip with wet etching times of $HNO_3$ (10, 30, 60 min). From the results, we observed that the CNT-tip was opened with the increase of wet etching time lively. In case of CNTs etched during 60 min, we confirmed that there was not the ratio of Ni included in CNTsI as catalyst. Conclusively, in the case of CNT etched for 60 minutes, it is completely good for application of a biosensor and, in addition, the metal-free CNTs will contribute to the application of other nanoelectronic devices.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 1999년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.275-278
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• 1999

We have grown vertically aligned carbon nanotubes in a large area of Co-Ni codeposited Si substrates by the thermal CVD using $C_2$H$_2$gas. Since the discovery of carbon nanotubes, Synthesis of carbon nanotubes for mass production has been achieved by several methods such as laser vaporization, arc discharge, and pyrolysis. In particular, growth of vertically aligned nanotubes is of technological importance for applications to FED. Recently, vertically aligned carbon nanotubes have been grown on glass by PECVD. Aligned carbon nanotubes can be also grown on mesoporous silica and Fe patterned porous silicon using CVD. Despite such breakthroughs in the growth, the growth mechanism of the alignment are still far from being clearly understood. Furthermore, FED has not been clearly demonstrated yet at a practical level. Here, we demonstrate that carbon nanotubes can be vertically aligned on catalyzed Si substrate when the domain density reaches a certain value. We suggest that steric hindrance between nanotubes at an initial stage of the growth forces nanotubes to align vertically and then nanotubes are further grown by the cap growth mechanism.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1999년도 추계학술대회 논문집 학회본부 C
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• pp.860-862
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• 1999

we have grown vertically aligned carbon nanotubes on a large area of Co-Ni codeposited Si substrates by thermal chemical vapor deposition using $C_{2}H_{2}$ gas. The carbon nanotubes grown by the thermal chemical vapor deposition are multi-wall structure, and the wall solace of nanotubes is covered with defective carbons or carbonaceous particles. The carbon nanotubes range from 50 to 120nm in diameter and about $130{\mu}m$ in length at $950^{\circ}C$. The turn-on voltage was about $0.8V/{\mu}m$ with a current density of $0.1{\mu}A/cm^2$ and emission current reveals the Fowler-Nordheim mode.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
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• 제49권8호
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• pp.451-454
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• 2000

We have grown vertically aligned carbon nanotubes in a large area of Co-Ni codeposited Si substrates by the thermal CVD usign $C_2H_2$ gas. Since the discovery of carbon nanotubes, growth of carbon nanotubes has been achieved by several methods such as laser vaporization, arc discharge, and pyrolysis. In particular, growth of vertically aligned nanotubes is important to flat panel display applications. Recently, vertically aligned carbon nanotubes have been grown on glass by PECVD. Aligned carbon nanotubes can be also grown on mesoporous silica and Fe patterned porous silicon using CVD. In this paper, we demonstrate that carbon nanotubes can be vertically aligned on catalyzed Si substrate when the domain density of catalytic particles reaches a certain value. We suggest that steric hindrance between nanotubes at an initial stage of the growth forces nanotubes to align vertically and each nonotubes are grown in bundle.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.367-372
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• 2002

The vertically well-aligned carbon nanotubes(CNTs) were successfully grown on Ni coated silicon wafer substrate by DC bias-assisted PECVD(Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition). As a catalyst, Ni thin film of thickness ranging from 15~30nm was prepared by electron beam evaporator method. In order to find the optimum growth condition, the type of gas mixture such as $C_2H_2-NH_3$ was systematically investigated by adjusting the gas mixing ratio at $570^{\circ}C$ under 0.4Torr. The diameter of the grown CNTs was 40~200nm and the diameter of the CNTs increased with increasing the Ni particles size. TEM images clearly showed carbon nanotubes to be multiwalled. The measured turn-on field was $3.9V/\mu\textrm{m}$ and an emission current of $1.4{\times}10^4A/\textrm{cm}^2$ was $7V/\mu\textrm{m}$. The CNTs grown by bias-assisted PECVD was able to demonstrate high quality in terms of vertical alignment, crystallization of graphite and the processing technique at low temperature of $570^{\circ}C$ and this can be applied for the emitter tip of FEDs.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1999년도 하계학술대회 논문집 D
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• pp.1504-1507
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• 1999

We have grown vertically aligned carbon nanotubes in a large area of Co-Ni codeposited Si substrates by the thermal CVD using $C_2H_2$ gas. Since the discovery of carbon nanotubes, Synthesis of carbon nanotubes for mass production has been achieved by several methods such as laser vaporization arc discharge, and pyrolysis. In particular, growth of vertically aligned nanotubes is of technological importance for applications to FED. Recently, vertically aligned carbon nanotubes have been grown on glass by PECVD Aligned carbon nanotubes can be also grown on mesoporous silica and Fe patterned porous silicon using CVD. Despite such breakthroughs in the growth, the growth mechanism of the alignment are still far from being clearly understood. Furthermore, FED has not been clearly demonstrated yet at a practical level. Here, we demonstrate that carbon nanotubes can be vertically aligned on catalyzed Si substrate when the domain density reaches a certain value. We suggest that steric hindrance between nanotubes at an initial stage of the growth forces nanotubes to align vertically and then nanotubes are further grown by the cap growth mechanism.

• 태양에너지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.13-18
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• 1990

표면 온도가 균일하지 않은 원통을 균속도 유동장에 가로 놓았을 경우, 표면에서의 열전달 특성은 표면이 등온이거나 일정한 heat flux가 주어졌을 때와는 판이하게 다르다. 본 연구에서는 공기의 균속도 유동장내에서 두가지 경우(step형 및 선형변화)의 비등은 경제조건이 원통면을 따라 원주방향으로 주어졌을 때 표면에서의 열전달 특성을 고찰하였다. Step형 변화는 원통형 태양로의 표면에서 관찰될 수 있다. Solar One(Califomia주의 Barstow시에 있는 태양로)의 경우, 작동유체(물)는 표면을 따라 원주방향과 수직으로 설치된 튜브를 따라 흐르면서 액체상태로부터 고온고압의 증기로 변한다. 이 과정에서 태양로 표면의 receiver panel은 그 위치에 따라, preheater, boiler, 그리고 superheater의 역할을 수행하며 표면의 온도도 균일하지 않은 분포를 나타낸다. 이와 같은 경우 표면의 평균 온도를 가지고 대류에 의한 열 손실을 계산하면 큰 오류를 범할 가능성이 있다.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.19-29
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• 1987

체적기공도가 큰 다공성 빨대 묶음에 대한 흡음특성을 이론 및 실험적으로 연구 고찰하였다. Zwikker와 Kosten의 이론과 Poiseuille 흐름을 고려한 Biot의 이론을 적용시켜 수직입사파에 따른 시료의 흡음률을 이론적으로 예측하였다. 실험적 측정은 "임피던스 튜브 방법"을 이용하였으며, 거리에 따른 감쇠효과를 고려하였다. 다공성 빨대에 대한 흡음률의 이론예측값은 시료의 길이가 120mm 이하이고 진동수가 700Hz 이하인 경우, 실험측정값과 잘 일치했다. 시료뒤의 공기층에 의한 흡음에 미치는 효과의 연구 고찰에 있어, 동일한 길이의 시료에 대해 시료됫면에 공기층을 크게 함으로써 저진동수영역에서 흡음률을 높일 수 있었다. 시료와 공기충의 총 길이가 150mm인 경우, 공기층보다 시료길이의 효과가 흡음률을 높이는데 크게 기여함을 밝혔다.