• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.86-91
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• 1988

Natural zeolite rock of which dominent clay minerals were mordenite and clinoptilolite was collected from Wolsung, Kyungpook province. It was pulverized and sieved into four fractions of $1{\sim}0.5,\;0,5{\sim}0.25,\;0.25{\sim}0.1,$ and<0.1mm. The specific surface areas of its four fractions were determined by $H_2O$ and EGME. The specific surface area of zeolite was slightly affected according to species of measuring material, but was scarcely affected by partical size, nor increased of pulverizing. The surface area of zeolite was calculated from geometric structure of mordenite and it was compared with the specific surface area calculated from maximum numbers of $H_2O$ which could be adsorbed on mordenite. On the basis of that result, the specific area measured from zeolite was estimated to be a part of surface area calculated from it. Accordingly, it was suggested that a new method should be developed for the determination of an exact surface area of zeolite.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.547-554
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• 2009

The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) aboard the Aqua satellite, which is one of the Earth Observing System satellites managed by National Aeronautics and Space Administration, provides global measurements of the water vapor in the atmosphere using infrared (IR) channels. In this paper, we restored precipitable water vapor (PWV) over a permanent GPS station in Incheon using the IR measurements of AIRS and compared the result with GPS-based PWV estimates. As a result, AIRS PWV had similar trends with GPS PWV; the bias of AIRS PWV against GPS PWV is 0.3 cm and root mean square error (RMSE) 0.7 cm. In addition, the correlation coefficient between AIRS PWV and GPS PWV was 0.89. Thus we conclude that the AIRS PWV reflects local characteristics of the water vapor content.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.662-668
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• 2013

We examine the effects of El Ni$\tilde{n}$o on tropospheric ozone through the simulation of a Climate-Chemistry model for a 40-year period (1971-2010). The Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis reveals that the tropospheric ozone concentration in the central-eastern Pacific decreases when the El Ni$\tilde{n}$o occurs, which is consistent with the observation. However, the increase of ozone over Indian Ocean-Indonesia regions is weak in the simulation compared to the observations. We analyze details of the 2006 El Ni$\tilde{n}$o event to understand the mechanism that caused the change of ozone due to El Ni$\tilde{n}$o. It is found that enhanced convection as well as higher water vapor followed by shortened lifetime has led to lower the tropospheric ozone. Downward motion induced by the changes of atmospheric circulation due to sea surface temperature forcing, together with the decrease of water vapor, has brought ozone produced in the upper troposphere over the Indian Ocean.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.367-376
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• 2002

Electrical conduction in $SrZr_{1-x}Y_xO_{3-\delta}$((x=0.05, 0.10)-metal electrode system was investigated by impedance spectroscopy and two-probe d.c. conductivity measurement. Electrode conductivity in anodic direction varies with $P_W^{1/2}$( and that in cathodic direction with $P_{O2}^{1/4}$ in oxidizing atmosphere. In hydrogen atmosphere, the addition of water vapor increased the electrode conductivity both in anodic and cathodic direction. Increasing dopant concentration from 5 to 10% showed a more than four times increase in anodic conduction as well as bulk conduction of the solid electrolyte. This observation implies that unfilled oxygen vacancy concentration increases rapidly as the dopant content increases in humid atmosphere. The activation energy of cathodic conduction in Pt and Ag electrode was nearly same below $800^{\circ}C$ which means the rate of cathodic reaction is determined by the reaction in the electrolyte surface rather than on the metal electrodes.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.277-288
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• 2010

The multi-level $H_2O/CO_2$ profile system has been widely used to quantify the storage and advection effects on energy and mass fluxes measured by eddy covariance systems. In this study, we expanded the utility of the profile system by accommodating air sampling devices for isotope analyses of water vapor and $CO_2$. A pre-evacuated 2L glass flask was connected to the discharge of an Infrared Gas Analyzer (IRGA) of the profile system so that airs with known concentration of $H_2O$ and $CO_2$ can be sampled. To test the performance of this sampling system, we sampled airs from 8 levels (from 0.1 to 40 m) at the KoFlux tower of Gwangneung deciduous forest, Korea. Air samples in the 2L flask were separated into its component gases and pure $H_2O$ and $CO_2$ were extracted by using a vacuum extraction line. This novel technique successfully produced vertical profiles of ${\delta}D$ of $H_2O$ and ${\delta}^{13}C$ of $CO_2$ in a mature forest, and estimated ${\delta}D$ of evapotranspiration (${\delta}D_{ET}$) and ${\delta}^{13}C$ of $CO_2$ from ecosystem respiration (${\delta}^{13}C_{resp}$) by using Keeling plots. While technical improvement is still required in various aspects, our sampling system has two major advantages over other proposed techniques. First, it is cost effective since our system uses the existing structure of the profile system. Second, both $CO_2$ and $H_2O$ can be sampled simultaneously so that net ecosystem exchange of $H_2O$ and $CO_2$ can be partitioned at the same temporal resolution, which will improve our understanding of the coupling between water and carbon cycles in terrestrial ecosystems.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.1-7
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• 2003

습공기에 포함된 수증기가 상(Phase)변화를 일으킬 때 잠열이 발생하고 이 잠열은 익형 주위의 압축성 유동 상태량들을 변화시키므로, 이러한 열 증가가 유동에 끼치는 영향에 대하여 수치해석을 통하여 연구 수행하였다. 수치해석은 Rusak 과 Lee [1]가 최근에 연구 수행한 미교란 방법(small-disturbance approach)에 근거하여 이루어졌다. 고전적 핵 생성 모델과 작은 물방울 성장(droplet growth)모델을 이용한 이 방법에서는 비평형 균질 응축과정에서 일어나는 열 방출을 묘사한다. 응축에 의한 열전달, 압축성 유동의 운동에너지, 그리고 유동의 열적 상태량들 사이에서 일어나는 비선형 상호영향을 조사하고, 또한 주어진 문제를 지배가호 있는 상사 파라미터들을 제시하였다. 계산 결과들은 Euler 방정식을 사용하여 얻은 선행 수치계산들과 비교하여 잘 일치됨을 보였다. 상사법칙은 유동 동역학과 응축 상태량들이 상당히 비슷하게 거동하는 다양한 유동 형태들을 제안한다. 압축성 습공기 유동은 유체기계에 사용되는 익형들의 공력 성능을 증가시키는데 응용될 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.604-617
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• 2022

Sea surface temperature (SST) is a key variable that can be used to understand ocean-atmosphere phenomena and predict climate change. Satellite microwave remote sensing enables the measurement of SST despite the presence of clouds and precipitation in the sensor path. Therefore, considering the high utilization of microwave SST, it is necessary to continuously verify its accuracy and analyze its error characteristics. In this study, the validation of the microwave global precision measurement (GPM)/GPM microwave imager (GMI) SST around the Northwest Pacific and Korean Peninsula was conducted using surface drifter temperature data for approximately eight years from March 2014 to December 2021. The GMI SST showed a bias of 0.09K and an average root mean square error of 0.97K compared to the actual SST, which was slightly higher than that observed in previous studies. In addition, the error characteristics of the GMI SST were related to environmental factors, such as latitude, distance from the coast, sea wind, and water vapor volume. Errors tended to increase in areas close to coastal areas within 300 km of land and in high-latitude areas. In addition, relatively high errors were found in the range of weak wind speeds (<6 m s^-1) during the day and strong wind speeds (>10 m s^-1) at night. Atmospheric water vapor contributed to high SST differences in very low ranges of <30 mm and in very high ranges of >60 mm. These errors are consistent with those observed in previous studies, in which GMI data were less accurate at low SST and were estimated to be due to differences in land and ocean radiation, wind-induced changes in sea surface roughness, and absorption of water vapor into the microwave atmosphere. These results suggest that the characteristics of the GMI SST differences should be clarified for more extensive use of microwave satellite SST calculations in the seas around the Korean Peninsula, including a part of the Northwest Pacific.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.194-196
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• 2000

지표면과 대기 사이의 운동량, 현열 그리고 수증기의 교환은 기상학의 영역에서 뿐만아니라 수문학이나 농업의 영역에서도 매우 중요하다. 그리고 이러한 교환 과정을 보다 잘 이해하기 위해서는 대기 난류의 특성에 대한 이해가 선행되어야 한다. 대기 난류의 특성들에 대한지금까지의 많은 연구들은 주로 지표면이 평평하고 균질한 지형에서의 관측을 통해 이루어졌으며 이 결과들을 토대로 다양한 플럭스들이 매개변수화되어졌다. (중략)

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.735-738
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• 2009

촉매 생산에서 마지막으로 중요한 단계는 촉매성형이다. 여기서 압출성형은 촉매 성형방법 중 저렴하고 비교적 간단한 방법 중 하나이다. 여기서 중요한 것은 바인더의 선택과 입자 사이즈가 가장 중요한 요인이 된다. 촉매 압출성형에서 많이 쓰이는 바인더로 PVA(Polyvinyl Alcohol)와 MC(Methyl Cellulose), CMC(Carboxymethyl Cellulose)가 있다. CMC 바인더의 경우, 촉매의 접착력이 현저히 떨어져 촉매의 바인더로 사용하기 어려웠다. PVA, MC 바인더의 경우, 촉매의 접착력이 우수하고 압출성형이 잘 되었다. 그러나 PVA 바인더의 경우, 열중량 분석을 통해 재 소성과정에서 바인더가 완전히 제거되지 않아서 촉매의 물성 변화 및 활성에 좋지 않은 영향을 주었다. 그러나 MC의 경우에는 재소성과정에서 바인더가 완전히 제거되어 촉매의 물성변화에 영향을 주지 않았으며, 촉매의 활성 변화에도 영향을 주지 않았다. 그래서 메탄 수증기 개질 촉매의 압출 성형에 적합한 바인더로 MC가 적합하다고 판단된다. 그리고 압출용 반죽 제조를 위한 미분쇄된 촉매 입자의 사이즈에서 너무 작은 입자를 사용하게 되면 반죽은 잘 되나 촉매의 물성변화로 인해 촉매 활성이 저하되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그래서 볼밀로 정밀하게 입자 사이즈를 $10{\mu}m$ 이하로 조절하면 촉매 활성에 영향이 거의 없는 압출성형 촉매를 제조할 수 있다.

• Atmosphere
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.417-427
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• 2008

In this paper, we analyzed the physical and thermodynamic characteristics of fog by using the integrated water vapor (IWV) from Global Positioning System (GPS) networks and the regular observation data of meteorological stations in GPS sites. The cases of a radiation and an advection fog were selected as samples, the conversions of water substance from the water vapor to cloud water in fog were detected by the Bulk Water-Continuity Model, and the pattern analysis is adapted on GPS IWV, temperature, wind and relative humidity. Under the specific hypothesis (saturation and stable), GPS IWV could detect quantitatively the phase changing between the water vapor and cloud water content with condensation/evaporation during the formation and dissipation of fog. After it reaches to the saturation, the relative humidity can be a limited indicator for fog. However, GPS IWV can detect the status change of fog even after the saturation. It has indicated that GPS IWV could be a new observing technique for the processes of the fog formation and the dissipation.