• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.549-558
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• 2020

In this paper, the method is discussed such that the robustness of automatic initiated narrowband target tracking is improved in passive sonar. In the case of automatic tracking initiation as target in passive sonar, due to a number of clutter, the clutter is initiated as target and tracked which prohibits the operation capability. The associated probability and information entropy of measurements, extracted from detection data, is calculated to keep going on automatic target initiation and tracking of true target, but reduce the automatic initiation and tracking of clutter. If the association probability and information entropy of the extracted measurements is satisfied for the predefined conditions, the procedure of automatic initiation begins. Using sea-trial data, simulations are executed and the results from the proposed method indicate that it keeps the automatic target initiation and tracking of true target and suppresses the automatic target initiation and tracking of clutters in contrary to the conventional method.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.455-471
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• 2013

Active sonar has been commonly used to detect targets existing in the shallow water. When a signal is transmitted and returned back from a target, it has been distorted by various properties of acoustic channel such as multipath arrivals, scattering from rough sea surface and ocean bottom, and refraction by sound speed structure, which makes target detection difficult. It is therefore necessary to consider these channel properties in the target signal simulation in operational performance system of active sonar. In this paper, a monostatic active sonar system is considered, and the target echo, reverberation, and ambient noise are individually simulated as a function of time, and finally summed to simulate a total received signal. A 3-dimensional highlight model, which can reflect the target features including the shape, position, and azimuthal and elevation angles, has been applied to each multipath pair between source and target to simulate the target echo signal. The results are finally compared to those obtained by the algorithm in which only direct path is considered in target signal simulation.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.8-15
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• 2016

As a generalized form of the conventional Fourier transform, fractional Fourier transform (FrFT) can analyze a signal at intermediate domain between time and frequency domains with a transform order ${\alpha}$. Especially, FrFT has a number of advantages in the analysis of LFM (Linear Frequency Modulation) signals due to its robustness to noise. In this paper, we have proposed a new method to detect and estimate the distance of the target from the FrFT spectrum of the received echo signal. Experimental results have validated the proposed method, and shown that reliable target distance could be estimated in noise and reverberation environments.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.320-328
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• 2023

Underwater active target detection is vital for defense systems, requiring accurate detection and estimation of distance and velocity. Sequential transmission is necessary at each beam angle, but divided pulse length leads to range ambiguity. Multi-frequency transmission results in time-bandwidth product losses when bandwidth is divided. To overcome these problem, we propose a novel method using Generalized Sinusoidal Frequency Modulation (GSFM) for rapid target detection, enabling low-correlation pulses between subpulses without bandwidth division. The proposed method allows for rapid updates of the distance and velocity of target by employing GSFM with minimized pulse length. To evaluate our method, we simulated an underwater environment with reverberation. In the simulation, a linear frequency modulation of 0.05 s caused an average distance estimation error of 50 % and a velocity estimation error of 103 % due to limited frequency band. In contrast, GSFM accurately and quickly tracked targets with distance and velocity estimation errors of 10 % and 14 %, respectively, even with pulses of the same length. Furthermore, GSFM provided approximate azimuth information by transmitting highly orthogonal subpulses for each azimuth.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.214-224
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• 2024

Sonobuoys are disposable devices that utilize sound waves for information gathering, detecting engine noises, and capturing various acoustic characteristics. They play a crucial role in accurately detecting underwater targets, making them effective detection systems in anti-submarine warfare. Existing sonobuoy deployment methods in multistatic systems often rely on fixed patterns or heuristic-based rules, lacking efficiency in terms of the number of sonobuoys deployed and operational time due to the unpredictable mobility of the underwater targets. Thus, this paper proposes an optimal sonobuoy placement strategy for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to overcome the limitations of conventional sonobuoy deployment methods. The proposed approach utilizes reinforcement learning in a simulation-based experimental environment that considers the movements of the underwater targets. The Unity ML-Agents framework is employed, and the Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) algorithm is utilized for UAV learning in a virtual operational environment with real-time interactions. The reward function is designed to consider the number of sonobuoys deployed and the cost associated with sound sources and receivers, enabling effective learning. The proposed reinforcement learning-based deployment strategy compared to the conventional sonobuoy deployment methods in the same experimental environment demonstrates superior performance in terms of detection success rate, deployed sonobuoy count, and operational time.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 1997.04a
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• pp.524-532
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• 1997

수중음향표적 특히 선박방사소음을 탐지하거나 식별하는 군사적 목적의 수동소나는 수중청음기 배열로 구성되며 각 배열센서에 수신된 신호에 배열 신호처리기술을 적용하여 선박의 거리, 방위 탐지는 물론 선박의 음향적 특징을 식별하는 고도의 음향장치이다. 그러나 이러한 장치운용자의 선박탐지, 식별이나 새로운 수동소나 개발, 나아가 스텔스 능력의 선박 설계를 위해서는 선박방사소음의 측정, 분석 및 예측에 관한 이해가 선행되어야 할 것이다. 본 연구는 대표적인 선박방사소음 측정시스템의 소개, 방사소음발생기구, 측정자료의 분석 및 예측에 관한 기초기술을 연구 분석한 내용이다.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• autumn
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• pp.269-272
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• 2000

수중 표적으로부터 수신된 신호에서, 파도와 난류 등의 영향으로 선박의 특정 기계류들의 부하변동과 도플러효과 등에 의해 야기되는 특징 주파수의 시간적 변동과 같은 음향 특징 추출은 수중음향 신호처리에서 중요한 연구분야이다. 본 연구에서는 이들의 발생기구 해석을 기초로 효과적인 분석 추적 기법을 제시한다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.418-424
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• 2018

Detection and classification of underwater targets is an important issue for both military and non-military purposes. Recently, many performance improvements are being reported in the field of pattern recognition with the development of deep learning technology. Among the results, DBN showed good performance when used for pre-training of DNN. In this paper, DBN was used for the classification of underwater targets using active sonar, and the results are compared with that of the conventional BPNN. We synthesized active sonar target signals using 3-dimensional highlight model. Then, features were extracted based on FrFT. In the single aspect based experiment, the classification result using DBN was improved about 3.83% compared with the BPNN. In the case of multi-aspect based experiment, a performance of 95% or more is obtained when the number of observation sequence exceeds three.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.49 no.9
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• pp.172-180
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• 2012

In multi-static sonar for detecting an underwater target, received signals contain the target echo, reverberation and clutter. Clutter and reverberation are main causes of increasing the false alarm rate. MRAL classifies received signals according to the spatial similarity, and it regards classified signal as reflected signals from a reflector. MRAL reduces the false alarm rate this way. However, the results of MRAL can have localization errors. In this paper, an MRAL post processing algorithm is proposed to reduce the localization errors with the least square (LS) method.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.3-7
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• 2001

In active sonar system using CW signal, when the noise included reverberation has not the white characteristics, the CFAR detector estimates high threshold. Because of this reason it cannot detect targets and not resolve the closely spaced multiple targets. In order to solve these problems, we propose an adaptive reverberation rejection filter The proposed filter is composed of an adaptive filter and a fixed filter with its coefficients. To study the performance of the proposed adaptive reverberation rejection filter, various experiments have been performed under In moving active sonar environments. As a results, the proposed method has the improved performance than the previous methods.