• 대한임상전기생리학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.19-37
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Progressive Resistive Exercise Program and Aqua Exercise Program on Lower extremity Muscle strength, Balance in Elderly old. The average age of elder female was 71.65 years. Subjects of the study were twenty older women living in daejon. The date were analyzed with frequency, independent t-test, paired t-test using SPSS PC(ver.10.0). The subjects were practiced with focusing on the Progressive Resistive Exercise Program and Aqua Exercise Program for 8 weeks, from 8, April 2002 to 1, June 2002. The results of this study were as follows: 1. After the Progressive Resistive Exercise Program, Balance ability by OLSTR, OLSTL was improved(p<0.05) on the soft surface with close eyes. 2. After the Aqua Exercise Program, the strength of the right knee flexors and extensors was improved(p<0.05). 3. After the Aqua Exercise Program, the strength of the left knee flexors was improved(p<0.01). 4. After the Aqua Exercise Program, Balance ability by OLSTR was improved(p<0.001) on the soft surface with open eyes, close eyes and by OLSTL was improved(p<0.05) on the hard surface with open eyes.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.55-65
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of water exercise program on physical fitness, pain and quality of life(QoL) in patients with osteoarthritis. Methods: Thirty-four old women were divided into the exercise(EG, n=18) and control groups(CG, n=16) after 6-week self-help education program. The EG carried out 6-week supervised water exercise program(60min/day, 2days/wk). Physical fitness, pain, and QoL were assessed by Senior Fitness Test Manual(Rikli & Jones, 2005), Pain rating scale(0-10) and World Health Organization QoL BREF(Min et al., 2000), respectively. Results: Both EG and CG increased upper and lower-body strength(all, p<.05), which were measured by arm curl and chair stand, respectively. For flexibility test, the EG increased upper and lower body(all, p<.05). Balance of the EG increased(p<.05), but not in the CG. Pain significantly decreased in the EG post training(p=.000). However, both EG and CG did not significantly improve for QoL. Conclusion: Six weeks of water exercise program did induce significant improvement in physical fitness and pain control in patients with osteoarthritis.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.19-31
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• 2003

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the self- efficacy, group cohesion and family support on adherence of aquatic exercise in arthritis patients. Method : The Subjects were 30 patients with arthritis who had participated in the 6-week aquatic exercise programs of Korean Rheumatology Health Professionals Society. All subjects were interviewed from November to December, 2001(1st) and Feburary, 2002(2nd) using a structured questionnaire which was composed of 42 items. SPSS Win 10.0 was used for data analysis. Results : Ten out of thirty were adherer who were keeping aquatic exercise for three months since they completed 6-week aquatic exercise program. The major reasons of adherence were affectional reasons and general condition improvement on the first month. The reasons of 3-month adherence were improvement of arthritis symptoms, affectional improvement, expectations, general condition improvement and group activity. The major reasons of drop out were environment factors and physical factors. The environmental reason were time shortage, economic problem and long distance. And the physical factor were cold, pain and other health problem. The scores of self-efficacy were decreased from 528.00 to 476.00 within 3 months after compeleting aquatic exercise program and that was statistically significant(p=.029). But there were no statistically differences in group cohesion and family support. There was a significant positive correlation between exercise adherence and self-efficacy. Factors influencing the exercise adherence was self-efficacy which accounted for 23% of the variance in the exercise adherence. Conclusion : In conclusion, self-efficacy is a significant variable in the exercise adherence and changes within 3 month after completing aquatic exercise program. The results of this study suggested that the strategy for maintaining self-efficacy should be developed.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.208-246
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aqua exercise program on the static balance of child with mental retardation. The subjects were seven male child and three female child with mental retardation(age ranges from 5 to 6). The subjects were practiced with focusing on the aqua exercise program for 8 weeks, from 7, January 2003 to 28, February 2003. The results of this study were as follows : 1. After the exercise program, the balance of double-stance by BPM was significantly reduced of lateral sway number by $12.2\%$(P<.01) with eyes obstruct. 2. After the exercise program, the balance of double-stance by BPM was significantly reduced of anterior and posterior sway number of left leg by $8.5\%$(P<.05) with eyes obstruct. 3. After the exercise program, the balance of double-stance by BPM was significantly reduced of anterior and posterior sway number of right leg by $8.3\%$(P<.05) with eyes obstruct. 4. After the exercise program, the balance of double-stance by BPM was significantly reduced of lateral sway number by $13.2\%$(P<.01) with eyes open. 5. After the exercise program, the balance of double-stance by BPM was significantly reduced of anterior and posterior sway number of left leg by $10.3\%$(P<.05) with eyes open. 6. After the exercise program, the balance of double-stance by BPM was significantly reduced of anterior and posterior sway number of right leg by $10.3\%$(P<.01) with eyes open. As we can see the results of this study, the aqua exercise program improved the static balance of child with mental retardation. Futhermore, it is reasonable program that can improvability of static balance for the children with mental retardation using aqua exercise program. And then it is necessary to develop much better program than now for the children with mental retardation's health and to provide the adequate pool for their aqua exercise.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.89-96
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• 2023

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of the underwater Ai-Chi exercise on the joint range of motion, balance and posture. METHODS: Thirty-six college students (30 men, 6 women) were divided into a 'low physical activity' groups (Group I). and an 'appropriate physical activity' groups (Group II). The Ai-Chi underwater exercise was conducted three times a week for two weeks for both groups. A goniometer was used to measure the range of motion of the hip joint, and Y-Balance and the posture screen mobile were used to measure the stability of the lower extremities. RESULTS: An evaluation of the range of motion of the hip joint before and after the Ai-Chi exercise showed significant results in the low physical activity group. However, the flexural range showed a significant increase after exercise, but not significant result. In the comparison of the mean increase between groups, only the right hip joint showed a significant difference in both groups. Also, in the comparison of the Y balance test and posture screen test before and after exercise, both groups showed significant. CONCLUSION: The Ai-Chi underwater exercise helped improve the range of motion of the hip joint and the ability to balance. Also It helped improve posture alignment. In addition, although the increase in all physical activity groups lower than the appropriate physical activity groups was greater in all figures, the increase in the number of samples, the extension of the experimental period, and various variables could be obtained.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-30
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• 1994

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic systematic disease with unpredictable course of exacerbation and remission, characterized by pain, joint deformity and reduced activity by joint limitation. The growing public awareness of the need for health management of chronic illnesses, provides impetus for nursing to demonstrate social effectiveness by active nursing intervention in this vast area in general, and with rheumatoid condition in particular. However, nursing interventions to date have not demonstrated its active participation in the management of chronic conditions. Nursing intervention for the patients having rheumatoid arthritis is one such area that needs to be studied intensively and to demonstrate their effectiveness empirically. The purposes of this study were two fold : first, to develop a comprehensive program that was intensified with therapeutic joint exercises in water, self-help group activities and utilization of self-efficacy promoting strategies : and secondly, to determine the effect of aquatic exercise program on pain, physiological changes and quality of life in the rheumatoid arthritis patients. Thirty five female subjects participating in this study were selected from outpatients in the Rheumatism Center, Hanyang University hospital. The period of data collection was from December, 1992 to March, 1993 in seoul and Taejeon. Subjects in Taejeon were assigned to the experimental group. The comprehensive aquatic exercise program for the experimental group was carried out three times a week for 6 weeks in regular swimming pool. Subjects in Seoul did not participated in the program, and treated as the control group. Data were analyzed with repeated measure MANCOVA, t-test, ANCOVA, percentage of change, Kruskal-Wallis 1-Way ANOVA using SPSS $PC^+$ program. Results were obtained as follows : 1) Scores on Korean pain scale, Numeric pain score, and RAI score of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group (t=2.11, p=0.022 ; F=4.40, p=0.044 : t=3.10, p=0.002). 2) There was significant improvement in the physiological parameters (higher joint movement parameters, F=15.64, p=0.024 ; higher lean body mass, percentage of change=+12.2, lower body weight, t=1.01, p=0.026 : lower ESR, t=1.69, p=0.001) in the experimental group compaired with subjects In the control group. 3) There was significant improvement in the specific self-efficacy score through the comprehensive aquatic exercise program(t=2.73, p=0.011), but not in the general self- efficacy score(t=0.62, p=0.113). 4) The quality of life failed to show significant improvement in the experimental group as compaired with the control group (F=3.69, p=0.064). 5) In the experimental group, findings from additional analysis showed no significant difference in the specific self-efficacy between those who continued to aquatic exercise after completing 6 week program and those who stopped (X2=0.086, p=0.690). Therefore, adherence to aquatic exercise program for 6 weeks seem to be affected mainly by self-help group activities. An indepth study to delve into articulation of mechanisms affecting the effect of aquatic exercise program be recommended. A further study is necessary to determine the difference in the effect of group and individual aquatic exercise program, to assess factors affecting adherence to exercise for an extended length of time.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.101-114
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• 1999

This study was designed to investigate the effects of an aquatic exercise program on the shoulder joint function. physical symptom. quality of life and stress among the patients who received modified radical mastectomy between 6 to 12 months prior to their visits. The subjects were 31 women aged between 40 and 60 who visited the out-patient department at Kang Nam St. Mary's Hospital for follow-up care. and were not under the treatment of intravenous cancer chemotherapy or radiation therapy. and had no complications. Twelve of them were assigned to the control group. while nineteen subjects to the experimental group. The aquatic exercise program was developed by the author with the assistance of exercise specialists. The program includes warming uP. aerobic and cooling down exercises in water. The aquatic exercise program for the experimental group was carried out 3 times a week with 60 minutes in each time for 8 weeks from September 20th to November 15th. 1995 in a regular swimming pool in Seoul. Changes in the range of motion of the shoulder joint. muscle strength. physical symptom. quality of life. and stress were examined after the completion of treatment. The data were collected through isokinetic muscle strength evaluation and questionnaire survey before and after the treatment. Paired and unpaired t-test were adopted to analyze the data. The results were as follows ; 1. The increment in the range of motion of the shoulder joint in the experimental group after the exercise was significantly greater than those in the control group. 2. The peak torque of shoulder girdle muscles increased significantly after the exercise in the experimental group only. 3. The physical symptom score decreased significantly after the exercise in the experimental group only. 4. The experimental group revealed significantly higher level of quality of life and lower level of stress after the exercise compared with those before the exercise. whereas the control group showed no significant changes in those levels. These findings may indicate that the aquatic exercise program is effective in increasing the range of motion of the shoulder joint and muscle strength and quality of life. and also effective in decreasing physical symptoms. and the level of stress in postmastectomy patients. Accordingly. the acquatic exercise program' can be adopted as an effective nursing intervention for postmastectomy rehabilitation.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2012년도 학술발표회
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• pp.535-535
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• 2012

하천 환경의 변화는 자연적으로 일어나기도 하지만, 우리나라 경우 대부분 하천 정비, 골재 채취, 수중보와 하구둑 등 하천시설물의 건설, 그리고 댐 및 교량건설 등 인위적인 요인에 의한 변화가 지배적이다 이렇게 환경이 변화하면 하천의 평형 상태는 파괴되며 하천의 평형 상태를 복원하는 과정에서 하천의 침식 또는 퇴적이 일어나며 이러한 과정의 총체적인 결과로서 하상변동이 일어나게 된다. 하상변동은 단기적인 면에서는 하천에서의 취수, 배수, 주운동 하천관리에 직접적인 영향을 주며, 장기적인 면에서는 하천시설물의 안정, 홍수위 및 지하수위 변화, 홍수터와 같은 하천부지의 변화 등 하천 및 유역 관리에 광범위한 영향을 주고 있다 하천의 유황 및 하상재료의 인위적인 변화에 의한 장기적인 하상변동 효과를 예측하고 분석하는 것은 하천계획 및 관리 면에서 매우 중요하다. 또한 하천 정비사업 등에 의한 영향을 제대로 평가하기 위해서는 비교적 단기간의 홍수 또는 호우 사상에 대한 단기적인 하상변동 효과를 정확하게 예측하는 것은 필수적이다. 외국에서는 하상변동 예측의 필요성을 일찍이 인식하여 다수의 하상변동 예측모형이 개발되어 하천 실무에 사용되고 있으며, 국내에서도 하천 흐름의 등수 역학적 해석을 위해 여러 가지 수치 기법들에 대한 연구가 진행되고 발전되어져 왔다. 현재 국내에서는 측량 자료이용과 모형적용의 용이성을 이유로 1차원 점변 부정류 해석프로그램인 HEC-RAS 모형을 많이 사용하고 있으며 대부분의 하천 정비 기본계획 수립에 있어서도 1차원 해석 모형을 적용하고 있는 실정이다. 국내에 서 수행된 하상변동 예측에 관한 연구들은 대부분 1차원 모형이므로 하천의 사행의 진행이나 유사의 횡방향 분포 등은 고려할 수 없다. 또한 하상변동 계산 시 이동상 부분의 전체가 균일하게 상승 또는 하향하는 것으로 가정하기 때문에 흐름이 급변하는 데 적용하는 것은 적합하지 않다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 4대강살리기 사업이 진행중인 낙동강유역 구미보지점을 대상으로 2차원 흐름 및 하상변동 수치모형인 CCHE2D 모형을 적용하여 50년, 100년, 200년 빈도별로 모의를 실시, 보설치 전 후의 하상변동을 비교 분석 하였다. 모의 결과 보설치 후의 경우 보 상류단은 전반적으로 퇴적의 양상을 보였으며, 보 하류단의 만곡부의 경우 홍수량이 증가함에 따라 유속 및 소류력이 비슷한 패턴으로 증가하여 침식이 관찰되었다. 특히 보 직하류의 경우 수문을 기준으로 다량의 침식이 있음을 보였으며, 침식이 계속 진행된다면 보유실과 같은 심각한 결과를 초래할 수 있기 때문에 침식을 방지 할 수 있는 다양한 장치가 마련되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.634-640
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• 2007

인공사육시스템으로 사육된 n-3 지방산이 결핍된 군 및 n-3지방산이 적절히 함유된 군과 대조군으로 엄마쥐가 직접 수유하여 사육시킨 군의 혈장, 뇌 및 망막의 지방산 조성을 비교 검토한 결과, 혈장의 총 단일불포화지방산은 n-3 지방산 결핍군에서 n-3지방산 적절군과 대조군에 비해 증가하였으나 총 n-3 지방산의 경우에는 n-3 지방산 결핍군에서 94%로 감소하였다. N-6 지방산 계얼 중에서 22:4n-6와 DPAn-6 함량은 n-3 지방산 결핍군에서 n-3 지방산 적절군과 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 증가하였으나 22:5n-3과 DHA의 함량은 94%로 감소하였다(P<0.05). 뇌의 지방산 조성의 경우, 총 포화지방산 함량에는 유의적 차이가 없었으나, n-3 지방산 결핍군과 비교했을 때 n-3 지방산 적절군과 대조군보다 총 n-3 지방산의 함량이 유의적으로 높았다(P<0.05). 뇌의 DHA 함량의 경우, n-3 지방산 결핍군은 n-3 지방산 적절군과 대조군에 비해 그 함량이 58-61% 감소하였고 반면 n-6 계열인 DPAn-6의 함량은 상당히 증가하였음을 살펴 볼 수가 있었다(P<0.05). 망막의 총 포화지방산의 경우 n-3지방산 적절군에서 가장 낮은 수준을 나타내었고 총 단일불포화 지방산에서는 대조군에서의 함량이 가장 낮았다. 총 n-6 지방산과 그 중에서 22:4n-6와 DPAn-6의 함량은 n-3 지방산 결핍군에서 n-3 지방산 적절군과 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 증가하였으나 22:5n-3, DHA와 총 n-3 지방산의 함량은 상당히 감소하였음을 살펴 볼 수가 있었다(P<0.05). 이상의 결과로부터 뇌의 지방산 조성, 특히 감소된 DHA 함량과 증가된 DPAn-6 함량은 해마 신경조직의 신경돌기 성장과 뇌 기능에 악영향을 끼치므로 적절한 양의 DHA 함량의 유지가 뇌 기능 항상성에 필수적이라고 사료된다.례하여 증가하지 않았고 오히려 감소하는 경향이 나타났다. 4.본 연구에서는 용담댐 유역에 대한 BASINS/HSPF의 적용성을 검증하였으며, 현재 오염총량계산에 있어서 원단위방법에 의한 오염부하량산정의 개선필요성이 제기되고 있는 상황에서 BASINS/HSPF를 이용한 오염부하량 산정에 대한 적극적인 검토가 필요하다고 판단된다.반된다면, 수준별 수업의 효과가 극대화될 수 있다고 본다.수 있는 가능성을 포함하고 있었다. 또한 유입수량의 부족과 현재 수질개선을 위해 적용하고 있는 수중폭기시설등의 물리적인 영향도 직 ${\cdot}$ 간접적으로 작용하였을 것으로 추정되었다 따라서 향후 이에 대한 중장기적인 모니터링이 필요하였고 유역과 저수지의 통합적인 수질관리계획 이 요구되었다.group으로, 용존산소량, 전기전도도, pH, 인산염이 정점 3, 4, 5에서 같은 group으로 묶였다.유의적인 CAT 활성 증가효과가 나타났고, 간조직의 시토졸 1획분에서는 대조군 대비 15${\sim}$27%의 CAT 활성 증가효과가 인정되었다. 이상의 결과에서 목초액의 장기간 투여는 간조직 중의 활성산소의 억제효과뿐만 아니라 방어시스템으로서 활성산소 제거효소의 역할도 충실히 수행하여 노화를 효과적으로 예방하고 억제할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.\sim502^{\circ}C)$의 온도범위(溫度範圍)에서 분해(分解)되며 공기중(空氣中)에서는 $750\sim935^{\circ}F$ 범위(範圍)에서 분해(分解)한다.첫째, 무엇보다 아동이 성장기임을 고려하여 지속적인 모니터링과 함께 아동들의 식이, 운동습관 및 비만과 관련된 행동의 변화가 생활 가운데 근본적으로 일어날 수 있어야 한다. 둘째, 체중 조절 프로그램은 식이 및 운동 지도와 아울러 긍정적 강화(positive reinforcement)