• Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.1 no.3 s.3
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• pp.44-47
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• 2000

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.113-133
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• 1991

본고(本稿)는 국민생활수준(國民生活水準)에 영향을 주는 주요 거시(巨視) 및 미시지표(微視指標)의 국제비교를 통하여 우리나라가 추구해 온 개발전략(開發戰略)을 재조명(再照明)하고 우리의 현재좌표(現在座標)를 검토코자 집필되었다. 자료(資料)의 제한(制限), 국제비교(國際比較)에서 흔히 제기되는 평가(評價)의 문제 등에도 불구하고 국제비교분석(國際比較分析)은 유용한 수단(手段)이었으며 다음과 같은 정책적(政策的) 함의(含意)를 얻을 수 있었다. 지금까지 한국(韓國)이 추구한 개발정책(開發政策)의 역점(力點)은 대체적으로 경제성장(經濟成長)에 두어져 왔었다고 분석되고 있다. 이는 높은 경제성장률(經濟成長率)이나 1인당(人當) 소득(所得)의 지속적인 증가를 통하여 소비수준(消費水準)의 제고와 소비구조(消費構造)의 개선 등 국민생활수준(國民生活水準)의 향상으로 연결되고 있다. 더불어 소득분배(消費分配)를 위시하여 보건(保健), 영양지표(營養指標) 등 사회지표(社會指標) 측면에서도 개선되는 추이를 보이고 있는 것으로 평가된다. 이와 같은 개발정책(開發政策)의 성공적(成功的) 결실(結實)은 국민복지증진(國民福祉增進)에 크게 이바지한 것임에 틀림없으나 사회복지향상(社會福祉向上)을 위한 적극적인 노력은 미흡하였다. 지속적인 고도성장(高度成長)의 결과 국민생활향상(國民生活向上)을 위한 기본요건(基本要件)인 1인당(人當) 소득(所得)이 크게 증가되어 빈곤인구(貧困人口)가 꾸준히 줄어들고 있으나 생활(生活)을 둘러싸고 있는 경제(經濟) 사회적(社會的) 환경은 상대적으로 열악(劣惡)해지게 되었다. 앞으로도 산업화(産業化)와 도시화(都市化)가 계속될 전망임에 비추어 국민생활(國民生活)과 직접적으로 관련되는 생활여건(生活與件)의 개선(改善)에 대한 각별한 정책적(政策的) 배려(配慮)가 요청된다고 판단된다. 따라서 경제(經濟)의 안정적인 운영과 함께 국민생활수준(國民生活水準)의 내실(內實) 있는 향상을 기해 나가자면 고도성장(高度成長)이 준 부작용(副作用)을 극소화해 나가야 할 것이다. 삶의 질(質)에 대한 수용할 만한 국민적(國民的) 욕구(慾求)를 과감히 받아들여 사회개발(社會開發)에 돌려지는 공적지출(公的支出)을 꾸준히 늘려나가되 일본(日本)의 경험이 시사하는 것처럼 비용효과적(費用效果的)인 지출이 되도록 제도적 장치가 강구될 필요가 있을 것이다. 국민생활수준(國民生活水準)의 개선은 장기적(長期的)인 시각(視角)에서 비전과 일관성을 지니고 추진되어야 할 성질을 지니고 있기 때문이다.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.3D
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• pp.357-362
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• 2009

The Investment to road projects has been a hot issue in the aspect of its possible overlapping or overinvestment in Korea. Therefore, additional road construction is not always accepted in these days. This paper investigated several indices including the country index and the road-extension rate index as well as a newly developed index for identifying and comparing road stocks among the OECD countries. Furthermore, the study has estimated some reasonable amount of additional road stocks of Korea when its GDP becomes twenty thousands per capita to forty thousands per capita in future by comparing the amount of stacks of OECD countries at those times. The result can be used for setting the target of road stocks in practical manner in the absence of the universally accepted theory in the road stock provision arena.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.242-249
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• 1994

These studles were conducted to investigate the development of chem~cal resistance and cross.resista. nce m dlarnondback moth (Piuteiia xylostella L). The resistance development of diamondback moth greatly vaned under single selection of five insectlades. The tnflumuron and lambda cyhalothnn strains at 8th selected generation showed 374- and 29.l.fold resistant levels. respectively, as compared with the susceptible strain. However, the Baciilus thuringiensis-seleded at 8th selected generatLon exhibited 240-fold resistant level. and the prothiophos-selected at 8th generation revealed 14.3-fold resistant !eve1 while the cartap hydrochloride-selected at 8th generailon showed 9.1-fold resistant level Prothiophos- selected strain showed low cross-resistance level to cartap hydrochloride, while this strain exhibited no cross-resistance of 1.3 to 2.8-fold to other msectlcides. Cartap hydrochlonde- seleded strain showed 19.9-fold. a high cross-resistance to lambda cyhalothrin, but this strain showed 2.2-34 fold, no cross resistance to other insecticide. Lambda cyhalothnn-selected strain exhibited cross-resistance to cartap hydrochlolide and prothiophas. Triflumuron-seleded strain showed 1.3-4.9 fold. no cross-resistance to other ~nsectic~dTe he B. ihuring~ensis-selededs train showed no cross-resistance to other insecticides.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2004

양방향 2차로 도로에서는 보다 효율적으로 운영하고 도로의 안전성을 도모하기 위하여 오르막 차로 및 양보차로 추월차로 등의 부가차로를 설치하고 있다. 이러한 부가차로 효율성의 비교 분석을 통한 연구에 의하여 기존의 도로를 효율적으로 운영하는 방안이 제시되어야 된다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 부가차로 중 추월차로 및 양보차로가 포함된 구간을 조사하여 기하구조에 따른 교통류 특성을 분석하고 각 구간별로 서비스 수준분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. (1) 각 기하구조별로 지점속도와 통행속도를 분석한 결과 지점속도는 통행속도보다 조사지점의 기하구조에 의한 영향을 많이 받아 변동이 심한 것을 알 수 있었으며, 통행속도는 그 기하구조에 따른 교통류의 특성을 잘 반영하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. (2) 차량별 지점속도의 비교 분석에서는 현재 차량성능의 진보로 인하여 조사구간의 설계속도에 반해 중차량 및 버스-트럭, 승용에 대한 차량별 속도차이가 거의 없는 것으로 분석되었다. 기존의 중차량에 대한 보정은 현장제한속도에 대하여 감안되어야 된다고 판단된다. (3) 모의실험모형과 현장조사에 의한 교통류특성을 비교해 보았을 때, 시뮬레이션은 도로의 전구간에 대한 결과는 잘 반영하고 있으나 짧은 구간에 대하여 교통류의 연속성을 파악하기에는 부족하다고 판단된다. (4) 추월가능 구간과 양보차로구간의 효율성을 비교해 보면, 추월율에서 양보차로구간이 추월가능구간보다 22.5%나 높게 나왔으며 총지체비교에서는 추월가능구간보다 5.56sec/h의 지체감소를 보이고 있다. 서비스 수준분석에서는 같은 C의 수준을 보이고 있으나 양보차로의 영향으로 양보차로 후구간의 서비스 수준이 A까지 상향되었다. 따라서 대향교통류의 영향을 받는 추월차로의 확보보다는 효율성이 좋은 양보차로구간의 보급이 많아야 되겠다.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.927-936
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• 2011

환경영향평가(Environmental Impact Assessment : EIA)는 대규모 개발사업에 관련된 의사결정의 효과성을 향상시킬 수 있는 제도이다. 알제리와 한국의 EIA 제도를 비교분석하여 특징 및 장단점을 파악하여 다른 계획관련 정부기관과 환경관련 기관과의 조정 및 협조 수준의 차이점을 연구하였다. 알제리와 한국의 EIA 제도는 의사결정 절차에 관련된 규정에서는 유사하지만 주민참여 수준에서는 한국이 발달되어 있다. 스크리닝 제도에서는 프랑스의 영향을 받은 알제리의 제도가 비교적 잘 발달되어 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.356-362
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• 2000

Students' protocols obtained from audio/video taping of small cooperative group problem solving processes were analyzed in the aspectsof verbal behaviors. The frequencies of the behaviors were com-pared by students' previous achievement level. Students' involvement in the verbal interaction for each level of students in each small group were also investigated. High-ability students ebility students and medium-or low-ability students.No significant differences were found in the subcategories of 'receiving information' or 'asking'. 0nly 3 small groups among 12 groups studied were found tobe bal-anced in students' involvelment. lnvolvement of medium-ability studentstended to be lower than that of high-and low-abilit students.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.53-79
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• 2013

Social enterprises can be identified roughly as social purpose-oriented business ventures. They often fill the gaps left by governmental and commercial ventures in providing for certain vulnerable sectors of society. Though social enterprises often adopt market mechanisms in their organizational structures, their emphasis on particular social outcomes means that they intentionally pursue double/triple-bottom lines, thus distinguishing them from many traditional for-profit businesses. Among the Korean laborers, women have been hardest hit by the global economic crisis. As the movements have substantially been taken to strengthen women's economic activities in the recent years, many policies are formulated with these trends, connecting women's employment with social enterprises. This study focused on analyzing social enterprises to be friendly and to provide decent work to women. Data were collected from 491 social enterprises and 830 workers. The main results are as follows. First, the women's employment in social enterprises has accounted for a relatively high rate and the women's wage also is similar to men's one. Second, as for work conditions and types, most women have preferred irregular and non-managerial work. Thus, social enterprises have showed a positive response for the women's job opportunities, while social enterprises have had a negative one for enhancing the women's status at the labor market. In conclusion, social enterprises should institutionalize how to provide more stable working condition to women and to improve their's capacity.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.690-700
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• 2022

This study aimed to compare academic passion for science pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) between pre-service and in-service elementary teachers. In addition, a comparison between passion for science subject matter knowledge and passion for science pedagogical knowledge was made for each group of teachers. Participants comprised 182 students from colleges of education and 161 in-service teachers. We analyzed between- and within-subject comparisons for each component of academic passion for science PCK. The results of this study are as follows: First, between-subject comparison demonstrated that, in academic passion for science subject matter knowledge, in-service teachers had a higher passion for "liking" and "importance" than pre-service teachers, whereas pre-service teachers had a higher passion for "time/energy investment" than in-service teachers. In academic passion for science pedagogical knowledge, pre-service teachers had a higher passion for "time/energy investment" than in-service teachers. Second, the within-subject comparison showed that only "harmonious passion" was higher for science pedagogical knowledge than science subject matter knowledge in pre-service teachers. However, "liking", "importance", "time/energy investment", and "obsessive passion" were higher for science subject matter knowledge than science pedagogical knowledge in in-service teachers. The educational implications are discussed.

• School Mathematics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.533-551
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• 2017

The statistical education researchers advise instructors to educate informal statistical inference and they are paying close attention to the progress of the statistical inference in general. This study was conducted by analyzing the levels and the traits of each levels of the informal statistical inference of the middle and high school students for comparing the samples of data and estimating the graph of a population. Research has shown that five levels of the informal statistical inference were identified for comparing the samples of data: responses that are distracted or misled by an irrelevant aspect, responses that focus on frequencies of individual data points and hold a local view of the sample data sets, responses that the student's view of the data is transitioning from local to global, responses that hold a global view but do not clearly integrate multiple aspects of the distribution, and responses that integrate multiple aspects of the distribution. Another five levels of the informal statistical inference were identified for estimating the graph of a population: responses that are distracted or misled by an irrelevant aspect, responses that focus only on representativeness, responses that consider both representativeness and variability and focus on one particular aspect of the distribution, responses that focus on multiple aspects of distribution but do not clearly integrate them, and responses that integrate multiple aspects of the distribution.