• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.31 no.1 s.49
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• pp.121-125
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• 2005

Most of the cells, specially in the skin, free radicals and reactive oxygen species induced aging, accompanying with diseases. The pinaceae family is very familiar plant with Korean spirit. However, those plants were not estimated for natural products in manufactural process. We employed 4 different plants, Pinus koraienis S et Z. Pinus banksiana LAMBERT. Pinus rigida MILL. Pinus densiflora S. et Z. in pinceae family. The ethanol extracts were prepared for three different parts of plant, wood, bark and leaf, respectively. In this study, we carried out free radical and superoxide radical scavenging assay to investigate the anti-oxidative activity The bark and leaf part of plants showed similar anti-oxidant effect. L-ascorbic acid and $\alpha$-tocopherol at $10{\mu}g/mL$. Also we tried to investigate inhibitory effects of elastase activity in in vitro experiments on pinaceae plant extract as a matters for functional cosmetics. Among those plants, the bark of Pinus rigida MILL. and Pinus densiflora S. et Z. showed inhibitory effect. The cell viability was evaluated with MTT assay. The potential relationship was shown between the cell viability and anti-oxidant effect because the anti-oxidant effects were positively correlated wvith the cell growth in MTT assay. As the results in our experiments, we expect the potential activities of pinaceae as a material of functional cosmetics.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.291-304
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• 2021

Updating a forest type map is essential for sustainable forest resource management and monitoring to cope with climate change and various environmental problems. According to the necessity of efficient and wide-area forestry remote sensing, CAS500-4 (Compact Advanced Satellite 500-4; The agriculture and forestry satellite) project has been confirmed and scheduled for launch in 2023. Before launching and utilizing CAS500-4, this study aimed to pre-evaluation the possibility of satellite-based tree species classification using RapidEye, which has similar specifications to the CAS500-4. In this study, the study area was the Chuncheon forest management complex, Gangwon-do. The spectral information was extracted from the growing season image. And the GLCM texture information was derived from the growing and non-growing seasons NIR bands. Both information were used to classification with random forest machine learning method. In this study, tree species were classified into nine classes to the coniferous tree (Korean red pine, Korean pine, Japanese larch), broad-leaved trees (Mongolian oak, Oriental cork oak, East Asian white birch, Korean Castanea, and other broad-leaved trees), and mixed forest. Finally, the classification accuracy was calculated by comparing the forest type map and classification results. As a result, the accuracy was 39.41% when only spectral information was used and 69.29% when both spectral information and texture information was used. For future study, the applicability of the CAS500-4 will be improved by substituting additional variables that more effectively reflect vegetation's ecological characteristics.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.108 no.3
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• pp.372-381
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• 2019

This study was conducted to find proof for the hypothesis that the God tree of Chosun has been misrepresented in Chosun-Gersu-Nosu-Myungmokji (CGNM). The following results were obtained. First, it was established that 64 species and 3170 trees were recorded in CGNM. An old, big tree is classified as a God tree if linked to it there are testimonies and legends about divine elements, and it is classified as a Noble tree if linked to it there are testimonies and legends of historical elements. In total, 2632 trees of eight species were analyzed, from the Zelkova serrata, which has the greatest number of trees, to the eighth most frequent, Abies holophylla. The means of diameter at breast height (DBH), height, and age of the God and the Noble trees were calculated for each of the eight species. In seven out of eight species, the DBH and age of the Noble tree were more than those of the God tree. In addition, the height of the Noble tree was more than that of the God tree in six out of eight species. The fact that the God tree is smaller than the Noble tree, contrary to the common expectation that the Noble tree is a small size tree, was confirmed. This hypothesis was proved by the data gathered. Second, the Japanese Government-General of Korea has pursued a policy to defeat the village ritual based on the God tree being linked with superstition. For such a policy, the God tree should be small and unattractive, and it would have been good for the tree to be superstitious. The CGNM was created as explanatory material or evidence for distorting the sacredness of the God tree of Chosun. Third, CGNM compiled a chronological order of DBH data to make it easy to explain the fabricated facts that the God tree of Chosun is smaller and dwarfed compared to the Noble tree.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.218-224
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• 2021

This study was conducted to determine the mass-loss rates and the changes in carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio of dead woods, which were of following species: Dryobalanops aromatic, D. rappa, and Cratoxylum arborescens. These were dominant tree species in mixed Dipterocarp forests (MDF) and peat swamp forests (PSF) in Brunei Darussalam. In May, 2019, 48 dead wood samples (15 cm×4.8 cm×5 cm) were placed in MDF and PSF sites, and all the samples were collected after 16 months. The effects of species on mass loss were statistically significant (p<0.05); however, no difference was observed in the mass loss obtained from the two forest types (p>0.05). The initial density (g·cm^-3) of the dead woods D. aromatic, D. rappa, and C. arborescens, was 0.64±0.02, 0.60±0.00, and 0.44±0.01, respectively. Also the annual mass loss rate (%) was estimated to be 6.37, 8.17, and 18.53 for D. aromatic, D. rappa, and C. arborescens, respectively. The proportion of dead woods in decay class III was only 25% of C. arborescens samples, which were attacked by wood-feeding invertebrates, such as termites. The C/N ratio decreased significantly in D. aromatic and D. rappa, but the decreasing trend of C/N ratio was not statistically significant in C. arborescens. The results indicate that physical traits of dead woods, such as density, could be one of the main factors causing the decomposition of dead woods initially, as invertebrates such as termites are one of the key decomposers of dead wood in tropical rainforests. In the samples of C. arborescens, which was attacked by invertebrates, nitrogen immobilization occurred to lesser extent as compared to that observed in D. aromatic and D. rappa.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.3-19
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• 1978

Five species, Abies koreana Wilson (A. koreana), Castanopsis cuspidata var. Sieboldii Nakai (C. Cuspidata). Machilus thunbergii Sieb. et Zucc. (M. thunbergii), Styrax japonica (S. japonica), and Quercus acuta Thunberg(Q. acuta) growing in the southern part of Korea were selected for the investigation of wood properties. In order to evaluate the wood properties of these five species, anatomical, physical, mechanical, chemical and pulping characteristics were investigated. And this study also covered wood technological problems related to the drying, gluing, debarking, flooring, and wood workability so that these species might serve to the best advantage. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. The trunk of A. koreana with many knots was straight. However, the trunks of S. japonica and C. cuspidata were crooked. 2. A. koreana showed the longest and the widest ill the fiber morphology; 2.97mm in length, 39.3${\mu}$ in width. In general, fiber width of all the species investigated were greater than those of other Korean hardwoods. 3. The specific gravity of Q. acuta was 0.74${\pm}$0.03, and that of A.koreana was 0.34${\pm}$0.02. The range of specific gravity of the other species was 0.47-0.52. 4. The adsorption of water was propotioned inversely with the specific gravity, but the adsorption of humidity was proportioned with the specific gravity. In spite of their medium density, S. japonica showed the greatest adsorption, and M. thunbergii the least. The water adsorption of cross section was twice greater than that of lateral direction, and there was a slight difference in between the radial and the tangential direction. 5. Shrinkage for tested five species was ranged from 5.36 to 10.24% in tangential direction, and 2.83~6.13% in radial direction. Q. acuta recorded the greatest shrinkage rate, and A. koreana the least. The greater was the specific gravity, the larger was the shrinkage rate. 6. The mechanical properties of Q. acuta were similar to those of Quercus mongolica which grow in Kangwon-Do. Strength properties of C. cuspidata, M. thunbergii, A. koreana were equivalent to those of other Korean commercial woods with similar specific gravity, except S. japonica which showed slightly higher strength than that of other species with similar density. 7. Higher glue joint strength for urea and phenol adhesieves was recorded in the species of M. thunbergii and C. cuspidata, however, high-density species(Q. acuta) and even low-density species(A. koreana) did not show good joint strength. 8. The attractive figure of M. thunbergii in texture seemed to he appreciated for decoration. And the grain and texture of other species were proper for furniture and building materials. 9. All of the species except Q. acuta were considered good for wood workability. 10. The denser the specific gravity was, the longer the drying time took. However, severe drying defects were formed in M. thunbergii whose density was medium. 11. All the species were considered suitable for the flooring wood expect A. koreana whose density was light. 12. Pentosan component in all the species was great, and the amount of extractives in Q. acuta was worth noticing. 13. Yield in kraft pulp was above the level of economic pulp yield, i.e. 45% in all species. 14. Debarking was easy in the species of A. koreana and M. thunbergii, and debarking after being boiled in water was the most efficient in all species.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.477-478
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 도시 농촌 및 산지하천의 각 하천 유형별 특성에 어울리는 하천 식생복원을 위해 가능한 한 최적의 식생모델수종을 구축한 후, 수종의 식생 밀도 등에 의해 변화될 흐름특성 및 홍수위 변화 등의 수리안정성을 검토하는 가이드라인을 개발하였다.

• Landscaping Tree
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• s.83
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• pp.13-15
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• 2004

조밀하게 달린 잎의 진한 녹색과 가을의 붉은 열매가 초겨울의 삭막함을 비겨나게 하는 아름다운 수종으로 서양 정원의 형상수로 귀족적인 맛을 풍기며 나이가 덜수록 조형미가 아름다우며 죽어서도 그자태가 아름다워 그대로 방치하여도 나름대로 아름다움을 간직하는 고귀한 나무이다. 병해충에도 비교적 강하나 생리적으로 영양분을 많이 취하는 수종이라 그렇지 못하면 깍지벌레류가 피해를 주어 나무가 전체적으로 생기를 잃거나 심하면 고사하는 경우도 있어 일정한 관리가 요망된다. 주목에 피해를 주는 해충은 국내발행(임업연구원) 한국수목해충목록집 에 해충 16종이 기록되어 있을 뿐이다.

• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.33-35
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• 2010

Multiple myeloma is characterized by the neoplastic proliferation of a single clone of plasma cells producing a monoclonal immunoglobulin and it is frequently associated with primary amyloidosis. I experienced a medical claims review case of plasma cell dyscrasia with primary amyloidosis. This medical consulting work to insurance claims will be helpful for another similar claims administration.

• Landscaping Tree
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• s.120
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• pp.23-24
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• 2011

소나무나 느티나무, 팽나무 등과 같이 우리 생활과 밀접한 관계를 가지거나 주변에서 흔히 볼 수 있는 수종들을 인간식생이라고 한다. 우리나라 어느 마을에서나 한 두 그루 씩 쉽게 볼 수 있는 쉬나무도 인간 식생종의 하나다. 우리 선조들이 집 가까이 혹은 궁궐이나 성곽 주변에 심어온 쉬나무는 나막신 재료나, 밤에 등불을 겨는 등유 채취용으로, 꿀벌의 밀원식물로 식재되어온 유익한 수종이다. 이는 외부 형태나 생육 특성에 의해 쇠동백나무, 다지나무, 소동나무, 수유나무 등 여러 가지 이름으로도 불린다.

• Landscaping Tree
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• s.119
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• pp.12-14
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• 2010

제주도, 완도 등 남부해안 지역의 표고 200~700m의 해변과 산록에서 자생하는 상록활엽교목으로 수고 15m, 직경 1m에 달하는 나무로 잎 표면은 녹색의 윤채가 있고, 뒷면은 연한 연갈색의 인모가 있어 관상학적으로 우수한 수종이다. 따라서 남해안 지역에서 가로수 및 정원수로 많은 사랑을 받고 있으며, 병해충에도 비교적 강한 수종으로 알려져 있다. 또한 가을과 겨울에는 혼자만이 꿋꿋이 녹색을 띠면서 적막한 해안도로의 거리를 조금이나마 부드럽고 훈훈하며 따뜻한 느낌을 주는 나무이다. 이러한 구실잣밤나무가 다량으로 식재된 까닭에 최근 구실잣밤나무를 가해하는 해충들이 많이 발생하여 방제에 도움을 주고자 주요해충에 대한 생태 및 방제법을 간략하게 소개하고자 한다.