• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.445-458
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to develop indicators for assessing korean youth lifelong learning competency and to validate the structure of the competencies. To achieve this research aims, the indicators for assessing life-long learning competence were drawn by systemic literature review and they were validated and modified by expert review method and two surveys targeting youth. 28 youth experts participated in the expert review. Participants were 333 middle or high school students for the first survey and 791 middle or high school students for the second survey. As results, the 3 competencies and nine sub-competencies were developed: thinking(wholistic thinking, critical thinking, emotional thinking), intellectual tools use(language, mathematic and science, information and communication technology), learning adaptability(change capacity, intellectual curiosity, learning-direction). The results of this study will provide the fundamental guidelines for developing various activities and establishing youth policies related to korean youth life-long learning competency.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.611-633
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• 2016

This study analyzed the perception of effectiveness and satisfaction according to learners' background variables and characteristics in online gifted education program. The participants included 630 middle and high school students who attended the 3-months online gifted program. Participants volunteerly surveyed on background and characteristics such as gender, grade, subjects, self-efficacy of internet, and self-regulated learning, and the effectiveness and satisfaction of the online gifted education program. T-test, ANOVA, and MANOVA were conducted to analyze the effect of students' background and characteristics on various dependent variables. The results of this study showed that (1) overall, participants perceived the effectiveness of the online gifted program positively; (2) participants perceived the satisfaction of the online gifted program positively. In specific, they perceived system satisfaction higher than interaction satisfaction. (3) the personal characteristics which impacted on both effectiveness and satisfaction were grade, self-efficacy of internet, and self-regulated learning. Suggestion for the online gifted education program were discussed.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.65-71
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• 2017

The elevated temperature and high humidity has been known as main reason for heat stress on animals and cause detrimental effects on productivity of organisms and physiological conditions of normal bioactivities. The aims of this study were to evaluate the relationship between time of heat shock simulation during in vitro maturation and developmental competence of subsequent embryo after in vitro fertilization. Heat shocked cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) of Korean native cattle were subjected to normal conditions for 22, 21, 18 and 12 h respectively and transferred to heat stress inducing condition at $40.5^{\circ}C$ in other incubator for 0 (control), 1 and 4 h. After maturation for 22 h, the oocytes were fertilized and cultured in mSOF media for 8 d and examined the developmental capacity of embryos. There were no differences in maturation and cleavage rates between 0, 1 and 4 h heat socked oocytes, but blastocysts formation were lower in the 4 h heat stressed oocytes. The apoptotic cells of developed blastocysts were also increased in at day 8 with 4 h heat shocked oocytes. These results indicate that heat shock on oocytes during maturation could cause negative effects on the developmental competence of embryos.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.77-90
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• 2021

This study is to develop a Korean version of nonword intervention by modifying and supplementing a Rapid syllable transition treatment (ReST) and to determine its effect by applying it to children with CAS. Ultimately, the purpose of this study is to investigate whether nonword interventions are effective for nonword production ability and generalization of real words. Single-subject research using the ABA design was performed for a child aged five years and six months with diagnostic features of CAS. The nonwords used in the interventions were made suitable for the individual child. The intervention was provided in one-hour sessions, twice a week for six weeks. In all cases, performance of the treated three-syllable nonwords improved, and untreated three-syllable words, four-syllable words, and nonwords showed a generalization effect. However, the generalization of treatment effects to words was smaller than for nonwords. The nonword intervention was effective in improving the subject's speech motor programming skills. As a result, transition errors due to impaired speech motor programming were greatly reduced, and the ability to produce untreated nonwords was greatly increased. However, there was a limit to the full improvement of strongly habitable word errors, which would be expected if a more intensive and repetitive intervention schedule was provided.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.366-373
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• 2020

The task of defining the concept of 'disability' has proven to be surprisingly difficult. The way disability is assessed in the world suggests that very different conceptions of disability are being presumed. It is very hard to suggest appropriate criteria for assessing a disability that accurately demonstrates the presence and measures the severity of the disability, with proven consistency and validity provided by the assessors consuming the time and cost that the society can afford. When a rigorous framework in disability assessment procedures is used, discretion is then considerably restricted. Limited discretion tends to produce more consistency and validity in the assessment but at the cost of ignoring the individual differences or exceptional circumstances. The disability approach among the categories of the disability assessment is both the oldest and the most commonly used strategy of disability assessment around the world. Most of the criteria of disability assessment in Korea belongs to this. The McBride's criteria for disability evaluations can be used to obtain the ratio of body impairment and work disability without spending too much time and is being applied in court. Nevertheless, there are many errors and controversies, and corrections are required. On the other hand, an improvement plan for a disability evaluation method in Korea is to supplement and use the McBride's disability assessment method, which is currently the most widely used. This review article describes the conception of disability and the assessment of disability, and introduces the models of the assessment of disability to determine if the application of the McBride's criteria of disability evaluation can be justified.

• 한국노년학
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.247-258
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of resilience and depression on suicidal ideation in elderly. The survey was conducted by 335 subjects (aged 65 to 70 years old; both gender) living in Daegu and Gyeongbuk district. Data were collected through interview-based questionnaires which were constructed to include the general characteristics(8 items), suicidal ideation(19 items), depression(15 items), and resilience(27 items). Collected data were analyzed by frequency, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and regression analysis. The present results showed that the main general factors affecting the resilience of elderly were age, the type of dwelling, pin money, and health. The influencing factors on suicidal ideation were health status, depression level, and the resilience in elderly. In particular, the suicidal ideation was more affected by self-regulation and affirmation of the subcategory in resilience. In conclusion, the resilience and depression is need to be considered as one of the main factors for decreasing the suicidal ideation in elderly.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.95-103
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• 2001

연구목적: 본 연구는 생쥐 preantral follicles의 체외 배양 조건을 확립하고 이를 기초로 높은 체외 발달률 그리고 산자 생산률을 얻고자 하였다. 연구재료 및 방법 : Preantral follicles의 oocyte-granulosa cell complexes (OGCs)는 생후 12일된 FI ($C57BL{\times}CBA$)으로부터 난소를 적출하여 효소를 이용한 방법을 통해 획득하였다. 회수된 complexes는 10일 또는 12일 동안 체외 성장을 위해 Transwell-COL membrane insert로 옮겨졌고 5% FBS, 100 mIU/ml FSH, 100 mIU/ml hMC가 첨가된 ${\alpha}MEM$에서 배양되었다. 체외 성숙을 위해 1.5 IU/ml hCG가 첨가된 ${\alpha}MEM$에서 18 hrs 배양을 실시하였다. 그 후 M16에서 수정능력이 획득된 정자와 수정을 하여 4 hrs, 7 hts, 9 hrs 후에 10% FBS가 첨가된 modified M16 배양액에서 4일간 배양하거나 또는 bovine cumulus cell과 co-culture를 실시하였다. 그리고 형태적으로 정상적인 22개의 상실배와 포배를 2마리의 위임신 대리모 (ICR)의 자궁에 이식하여 산자 생산을 유도하였다. 결과: 1) OGCs 크기가 mouse preantral follicles의 핵 및 세포질 성숙에 미치는 영향을 조사하였을 때 $120{\sim}150{\mu}m$의 preantral follicles (MII: 33.0%, 난할률: 36.7%, 상실배 이상; 20.9%)은 핵 및 세포질 성숙에 있어서 $70{\sim}110{\mu}m$ (MII: 12.2%, 난할률: 10.2%, 상실배 이상: 4.8%)보다 더 높았다(p<0.001). 2)체외 성장기간의 연장이 mouse preantral follicles의 핵 및 세포질 성숙에 미치는 영향을 조사하였을 때 10일 (난할률: 38.2%)은 12일 (난할률: 20.0%)보다 난할률에서만 더 높았다 (p<0.01). 3) 체외 수정 시간의 연장이 mouse preantral follicle의 세포질 성숙에 미치는 영향을 조사하였을 때 9 hrs (난할룰 31.5%, 상실배 이상: 14.3%)은 4 hrs (난할률: 17.5%, 상실배 이상: 4.8%), 7 hrs (난할률: 20.4%, 상실배 이상: 6.1%) 보다 세포질성숙에 있어서 유의하게 높은 발달률을 나타냈다 (p<0.01). 4) 공배양이 mouse preantral follicle의 세포질성숙에 미치는 영향을 조사하였을 때 공배양 (상실배 이상: 17.4%)을 실시했을 때와 M16 (상실배 이상17.4%)에서 배양되었을 때는 차이가 없었다. 5)preantral follicle의 크기 ($120{\sim}150{\mu}m$), 체외 성장기간 (10일), 체외 수정 기간 (9시간), 배양 환경 (단지 medium만 존재)의 적절한 결과들을 종합하여 수행하였을 때 MII 성숙률, 난할률, 상실배 이상의 발달률은 30.2%, 39.3%, 22.5%이었고 총 22개의 상실배 및 포배를 2마리의 대리모에 이식했을 때 1마리가 임신했고 1마리의 산자를 생산했다. 결론: 따라서, 본 실험은 preantral follicle을 이용한 체외 배양 시스템이 생쥐 oocyte를 공급하는 또 다른 방법으로 효과적으로 이용될 수 있다는 것을 시사한다.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.117-125
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• 2001

Vitrification of oocytes has been applied recently fur pigs, but remains elusive. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of vitrification in open pulled straws (OPS) on in vitro survival of porcine oocytes. When immature follicular oocytes frozen-thawed were cultured for in vitro maturation, maturation rates to metaphase-II stage were higher in oocytes with (25%) than without (15%) cumulus cells. After In vitro fertilization of oocytes frozen-thawed, the maturation rates were also significantly (P<0.05) higher in oocytes with (41%) that than without (17%) cumulus cells. However, the penetration rates were higher in oocytes without (19%) that than with (9%) cumulus. In another experiment, porcine oocytes matured in vitro were frozen and thawed for in vitro fertilization. The penetration rates were higher than in oocytes without (35%) that than with (26%) cumulus cells. However, the proportions of oocytes dead after in vitro fertilization were significantly (P<0.05) higher in oocytes with that than without cumulus cells. On the other hand, the rates of penetration and dead oocytes at 6 h after in vitro fertilization were not significant differences between oocytes with and without cumulus cells. However, the proportions of dead oocytes with (18%) and without (16%) cumulus cells were higher than in oocytes of control group (0%). These finding indicated the possible broader application for OPS, as they demonstrated that the maturation and fertilization in vitro by frozen-thawed oocytes may be accompained by cumulus cells and culture periods according to the requirements of the survival ability after freezing of mature and immature oocytes in pigs.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.177-182
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of melengesterol acetate (MGA) and $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ administrations on serum progesterone level, synchrony of estrus and conception rates in Han-woo. Firstly, ten heifers and one freematin were fed 0.5 mg MGA/day for 14 days in a grain carrier, and after 19 days of MGA feeding, a single injection of 25 mg $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ were treated. Blood samples were collected to evaluate serum progesterone concentrations from the start of feeding of MGA until the end of feeding and subsequent estrous detection and artificial insemination (AI) at 3 days intervals, and on days of $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ injection, estrous detection, AI, and 15th and 60th days after AI. The level of progesterone in the blood began to increase from 7 days after MGA feeding, and 9 days after feeding it became 5.4 ng/ml and maintained that level thereafter. On the 33th day when the $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ was injected, it reached the peak level of 7.6 ng/ml. However, 2-3 days after $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ injection, it dropped to 1.4 ng/ml drastically (p<0.05). Secondly, one hundred and ninety four Hanwoo heifers or cows were divided into two groups to compare estrous induction and conception rates: the one treated with MGA and $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$, (n=104) and the other with $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ treatment (two injections at 11 days interval, n=90). The heifers or cows treated with MGA and $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ were identical to those used as above. The percentages of heifers or cows showed estrus were higher in the $MGA+PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ treatment (91.3%) than in the $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ treatment (72.2%, p<0.05). Conception rates were also higher in the $MGA+PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ treatment (94.2%) than in the $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ treatment (88.9%, p<0.05). The results of this experiment indicate that estrus synchronization using $MGA+PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ is more effective than that using $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ (two injections) in Hanwoo.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.249-255
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• 2003

These studies were performed to improve the reproductive efficiency of gilts and we investigated the effects of puberty periods, first mating time and backfat thickness and will adapt to these results for early selection of excellent gilts. The main results were as follows; 1. First heats on birth season were showed 194.14 day, 163.25 day, 160.25 day and 157.92 day at birth of spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively and birth of spring was significantly latest among other seasons (p<0.01). 2. First service on birth season were revealed 222.05 day in spring, 193.00 day in summer, 199.20 day in autumn and 190.11 day in winter. birth of spring was significantly latest among others (p<0.01). 3. First heat period of cadidated gilt had 13∼16 mm backfat thickness was 180.32 day, 171.24 day in 17∼20 mm and 162.20 day in 21∼23 mm and was showed delay in thin backfat gilts. There was no differences among backfat thickness. 4. First service of cadidate gilt had 13∼16mm backfat thickness was 211.12 day, 202.43 day in 17∼20 mm and 195.43 day in 21∼23 mm and was showed delay in thin backfat gilts. There was no differences among backfat thickness. 5. The litter size were 9.64 in gilts under 160 day of first heat, 10.14 in 161∼180 day, 9.56 in 181∼200 day and 9.13 in over 201 day. There showed the largest litter size in 161∼180 day of first heat but was no differences. 6. The litter size in gilts under 180 day of first service was 9.13, 9.75 in 181∼200 day, 10.13 in 201∼220 day and 9.45 in over 221 day. There showed the largest litter size in 201∼220 day of first service but was no differences. 7. The litter size of gilt had 13∼16 mm backfat thickness on first service was 9.33, 9.81 in 17∼20 mm and 10.17 in 21∼23 mm and was showed delay in thin backfat gilts. There was no differences among backfat thickness.