• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.63-76
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• 2009

On the basis of a Stochastic Frontier Approach (SFA), this paper analyses revenue efficiencies for the same sample of Korean and Japanese railways in the papers which analyze cost efficiencies using a generalized translog functional form. The paper also compares the results of revenue efficiencies with cost efficiencies and evaluates the effects of managerial autonomy and privatization on the firm-specific efficiencies. The results show that the average estimate of revenue inefficiency is 7.02% when the term of inefficiency is assumed to be distributed as a half-normal and 6.98% as a exponential for the total sample. Also, standardized inefficiencies in revenues (7.5%) are greater than those in costs (2.1%). JR East and JR West are found to be most efficient on the revenue side and on the cost side respectively while JNR and JR Kyushu are worst efficient on the both sides. Finally, the correlations between efficiencies in revenues and costs also between efficiencies and privatization are positively correlated. The results suggest that the most independent companies, with increased managerial autonomy via privatization, are the most efficient in both revenues and costs.

• Food Industry
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• s.198
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• pp.103-141
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• 2007

식품의약품안전청은 수입식품등 검사지침(식품의약품안전청 고시 제2007-42호, 2007. 6. 27)과 수입건강기능 식품 신고 및 검사세부처리규정(식품의약품안전청 고시 제2007-43호, 2007. 6. 27)을 발표했다. 관련내용은 판매를 목적으로 하거나 영업상 사용하기 위해 수입하는 식품, 식품첨가물, 기구 및 용기포장의 검사에 관한 세부지침과 수입건강기능식품의 신고 및 검사에 관한 세부처리규정을 정해 검사업무의 형평성, 공정성, 신속성, 효율성을 위해 개정고시하였다. 본란에서는 관련 고시내용 전문을 게재함으로서 식품제조업체 및 식품등수입 판매업자등의 이해를 돕고자 한다.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.349-361
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• 2008

There has been abundant empirical research undertaken on the technical efficiency of Korean ports. Most studies have focused on the use of parametric and non-parametric techniques to analyse overall technical efficiency. This paper utilizes data for the period 2000-07 to offer a heterogeneous perspective on the overall efficiency of Korean ports. The framework assumes that ports use one input to produce one output; the output and input include port export(import) and regional export(import). This paper also employs panel analysis and heteroscedastic Tobit model to show the effect of the explanatory variables on the port efficiencies. The panel analysis shows that the regional export/total export has negative effect on the export efficiency while the regional import/total import has not any relations with the import efficiency. The heteroskedastic Tobit model shows that both regional export ratio and regional import ratio have negative effects on the efficiency while the gross regional domestic product has not any significant relations with the import efficiency.

• KAPE Magazine
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• s.158
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• pp.4-5
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• 2009

오는 2011년부터 부산물을 포함한 수입되는 모든 쇠고기에 대해 12자리의 유통식별번호가 부여되며 유통되는 모든 수입쇠고기 포장박스에는 바코드 형식의 유통식별번호표가 부착된다. 유통식별번호표는 업무의 효율성을 감안해 현행 수입쇠고기 포장 박스에 부착되고 있는 한글표시사항과 함께 표기되는 방안이 검토된다. 즉, 거래명세서 발급 및 거래내역서 서류 작성 보관시 B/L(선하증권) 번호를 포함토록 하고 수입쇠고기 보관 판매시 B/L 번호 표시를 의무화했던 현행 수입쇠고기 유통이력관리 제도가 대대적으로 손질보다 강화된 방식으로 개편되는 것이다.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.91-115
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• 1988

1980년대 하반기부터 한국(韓國)의 석탄산업(石炭産業)은 70년대말에서 80년대초까지와는 상이한 여건에 직면함으로써 구조적(構造的) 변화(變化)를 필요로 하고 있다. 이에 반하여 정부(政府)는 석탄정책(石炭政策)에 깊이 개입하면서도 경제여건변화(經濟與件變化)에 적절한 정책대응(政策對應)을 펴지 못하고 오히려 기업퇴출(企業退出)(exit)을 막고 산업합리화(産業合理化)를 저해함으로써 장기적으로 경제(經濟)의 효율성(效率性)을 떨어뜨리고 자원배분(資源配分)을 왜곡(歪曲)시키는 결과를 초래하였다. 본고(本稿)에서는 미래의 에너지파동(波動) 가능성(可能性)을 고려한 국내석탄정책(國內石炭政策)과 수입탄정책(輸入炭政策)에 대하여 논의하고, 개방경제하(開放經濟下)에서의 사회적(社會的) 마찰(摩擦)을 극소화하기 위한 석탄가격구조(石炭價格構造) 개선방안(改善方案)을 제시하였다. 분석결과(分析結果)에 따르면 현행(現行) 수입탄가격(輸入炭價格)은 오히려 국내탄질(國內炭質)의 저급화(低級化)를 유발시키는 저급화(低級化)를 유발시키는 왜곡현상(歪曲現象)을 초래 하고 있으므로, 앞으로는 국내탄가(國內炭價)를 석공원가기준(石公原價基準)에서 수입탄가(輸入炭價)를 기준으로 하는 결정방식으로 전환하고 수입탄가(輸入炭價)와 국내탄가(國內炭價)의 열량별(熱量別) 가격구조(價格構造)를 개선할 필요가 있다. 그리고 정부주도(政府主導)의 탄광통폐합(炭鑛統廢合)은 또다른 비효율성(非效率性)과 자원배분(資源配分)의 왜곡(歪曲)을 가져올 우려가 있으므로 가격정책(價格政策), 정부보조(政府補助) 등을 통한 간접통제방식(間接統制方式)으로 민간경제의 효율성을 유도하여 주는 것이 바람직하며, 또한 기업퇴출(企業退出)에 따른 탄광지역(炭鑛地域)의 경제활동(經濟活動) 위축(萎縮)과 실업문제(失業問題) 등에 사전적인 정책대응(政策對應) 필요하다.

• The Journal of Bigdata
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.19-33
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• 2018

Owing to the increase of FTA, food trade, and versatile preferences of consumers, food import has increased at tremendous rate every year. While the inspection check of imported food accounts for about 20% of the total food import, the budget and manpower necessary for the government's import inspection control is reaching its limit. The sudden import food accidents can cause enormous social and economic losses. Therefore, predictive system to forecast the compliance of food import with its preemptive measures will greatly improve the efficiency and effectiveness of import safety control management. There has already been a huge data accumulated from the past. The processed foods account for 75% of the total food import in the import food sector. The analysis of big data and the application of analytical techniques are also used to extract meaningful information from a large amount of data. Unfortunately, not many studies have been done regarding analyzing the import food and its implication with understanding the big data of food import. In this context, this study applied a variety of classification algorithms in the field of machine learning and suggested a data preprocessing method through the generation of new derivative variables to improve the accuracy of the model. In addition, the present study compared the performance of the predictive classification algorithms with the general base classifier. The Gaussian Naïve Bayes prediction model among various base classifiers showed the best performance to detect and predict the nonconformity of imported food. In the future, it is expected that the application of the abnormality detection model using the Gaussian Naïve Bayes. The predictive model will reduce the burdens of the inspection of import food and increase the non-conformity rate, which will have a great effect on the efficiency of the food import safety control and the speed of import customs clearance.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.1-20
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• 2020

Coastal ferry routes are very important because they connect the mainland to islands, offer transportation for islanders, and bring tourism to islands. In particular, the recent increase in national income, prevalence of a culture that emphasizes work-life balance, and introduction of the five-day workweek have stoked interest in travel as a leisure pursuit, and demand for tourism from Korean people in islands has increased. As the number of passengers using coastal passenger terminals increases due to changes in the coastal tourism environment, the importance and need for coastal passenger terminal facilities and services is growing. Under these circumstances, it is necessary for the management organizations of coastal passenger terminals to manage and efficiently operate the terminals in such a way that budgets can be reasonably implemented and the convenience of passengers using the terminals is enhanced. This study primarily analyzed the management efficiency of coastal passenger terminals in terms of profitability and public interest using data envelopment analysis. The eight passenger terminals achieved low management efficiency in terms of profitability. These terminals should improve profitability by increasing income from terminal office rental and ancillary businesses and revenue from terminal fees by boosting island tourism and expanding overseas passenger transportation. The eight terminals with low management efficiency for public interest should increase the number of passengers by promoting island tourism, developing tour packages to Japan and China's coastal areas, developing new routes, and introducing super-high-speed ships.

• 전기의세계
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.19-26
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• 1995

1992년 12월부터 일정규모 이상의 건물에 대한 절전설비의 설치 의무화가 시행되면서 국내에서의 빙축열시스템 보급이 크게 확대될 것으로 전망된다. 그러나 현재 국내에 도입되어 설치되는 빙축열시스템은 외국으로부터의 기술도입이나 완제품으로 수입되는 제품들이 대부분이며 빙축열시스템 사업에 참여하고자 하는 기업들 역시 수입을 검토하고 있는 실정이다. 그러므로 열적성능이 뛰어나고 시스템의 효율적인 운용이 가능하며 경제적으로 우위에 있는 빙축열시스템을 국산화 개발하는 것은 매우 중요하리라 사료된다. 이러한 필요성에 의하여 본 연구원의 냉동공조연구팀은 포접화합물과 공융염을 이용한 두가지의 새로운 빙축열시스템을 개발하였으며, 열적 성능이 뛰어나 원활한 전력에너지 수급과 수입 대체 및 수출을 통한 기업의 국제 경쟁력 향상을 꾀할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.61-92
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• 2011

We analyzed the efficiency of environment investments by taking examples of central government's environmental investment (CGEI hereafter) and investment in prevention of environmental pollution (IPEP hereafter). We expanded the scope of existing studies by decomposing the internal rate of return (IRR hereafter) and present value of benefit (Bpv hereafter) into variable cost (VC hereafter) reduction, investment cost reduction (STC-VC hereafter), and rent. And we found that Bpv checks only the magnitude of benefit, while IRR indicates the existence of efficiency by investigating short-run total cost (STC hereafter) reduction and rent. Finally, by analyzing investment efficiency and changing benefit with respect to CGEI and IPEP through the investment efficiency methodology that compares IRR with market interest rate, we executed retrospective benefit-cost analysis. Accordingly, CGEI and IPEP are not efficient. However, IPEP is even more inefficient than CGEI.

• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• s.108
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• pp.60-63
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• 1978

우리나라와 같이 대부분의 원료를 수입에 의존하고 강피류의 사용비중이 높은 여건에서 펠렛이나 후레이크 사료에 대한 필요성은 절실하다. 사료효율 5$\%$, 증체율 6$\%$ 개선이라는 수치는 경제적으로 매우 중요한 의미를 갖기 때문에 사료수급정책 차원에서 다루어져야 하겠다.