• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.663-672
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• 2014

In Korea and the Philippines, as well as all over the world, with the recognition of the importance of marine ecological resources, the marine protected areas(MPA) have been established and managed to protect and preserve these resources. While the number of marine protected areas for marine ecological resources protection has been increased, there is main problem that the most of MPAs do not achieve their intended management objectives. the effective management. Because of the positive and negative impacts on local communities and fishermen as direct stockholders, there has been ongoing debate on the pros and cons of implementing MPAs. Accordingly, this research conducted a case study of establishing Marine Protected Areas in Guimaras, Philippines because Philippines fisheries code of 1998 (Republic Act 8550), which is enacted to manage, conserve and protect fishery resources, obliged local governments to designate no less than 15% of jurisdictional municipal water as fisheries resource protection areas for a long time. To do this, a dichotomous-choice contingent-valuation survey was conducted in the two municipalities of Guimaras, Philippines to investigate public opinion in debates over MPAs and to estimate willingness to pay (WTP) for MPAs to protect and conserve marine habitats for fishery resources. Because of the expected economic costs by prohibiting fishing activities within the establishing newMPA, 58.7% of respondents thought the costs should be compensated, but 91.4% respondents voted in favor of increasing MPAs for fisheries resources as a protective measure. Finally, with Contingent Valuation Method(CVM), the aggregate mean WTP (375.5ha) of San Lorenzo and Sibunag residents in Guimaras Province, Philippines for establishing the additional MPA in their municipality waters was estimated to $1,046,791. Therefore, these findings could be used as a valuable data for establishing effective management plan of MPAs in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Fisheries Business Administration Society of Korea Conference
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• 2011.07a
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• pp.73-104
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• 2011

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.666-677
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• 2019

In order to understand the distribution of organic matter and heavy metal concentrations in the surface sediments of fishery resources protection areas (FRPAs), we measured the grain size, ignition loss (IL), chemical oxygen demand (COD), acid volatile sulfide (AVS), and concentrations of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Pb, and Zn) in the surface sediments collected at 54 stations of 5 FRPAs (Gamak Bay, Yeoja Bay, Deukryang Bay, Wando coast, and Youngkwang coast) in the southwestern coast of Korea in February 2017. The surface sediments consisted of fine sediment such as mud, with 2.9~8.8Ø (7.4±0.1Ø) of mean grain size. The average concentrations of IL, COD, and AVS in the sediments were 4.63±0.96 %, 13.0±3.1 mgO₂/g·dry, and 0.092±0.124 mgS/g·dry, respectively, and were lower for sediments from the Youngkwang coast than those from other FRPAs. The average concentrations of heavy metals in the sediment were 7.5±0.9 mg/kg for As, 0.04±0.02 mg/kg for Cd, 70.2±9.7 mg/kg for Cr, 15.3±2.8 mg/kg for Cu, 3.3±0.5 % for Fe, 0.014±0.003 mg/kg for Hg, 25.0±6.0 mg/kg for Pb, and 99±14 mg/kg for Zn, respectively, and were relatively higher for sediments in the inner bays than those from the outer bays and coasts. Based on the assessment of sediment samples using the sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), the pollutant load index (PLI), and the ecological risk index (ERI), the surface sediments of FRPAs in the southwestern coast of Korea do not appear to be polluted by heavy metals, suggesting that the heavy metal concentrations in the sediments would not adversely impact aquatic and benthic organisms.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.57-69
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• 2023

The objectives of this study were to analyze the fish community structures and distribution characteristics of fisheries resources in the Osip Stream and Wangpi Stream, fishery resources protection areas. For the study, we conducted fish samplings four times in the two streams from April to October 2019. In Osip Stream and Wangpi Stream, we sampled 31 species and 29 species and the dominant species were Zacco platypus (28.6%) and Squalidus multimaculatus(41.7%), respectively. According to the life type of fish species, primary freshwater species were collected 18 species(58.1%) and 21 species(72.4%), and migration fishes were sampled 4 species (12.9%) and 6 species (20.7%) in Osip Stream and Wangpi Stream, respectively. Fisheries resources species showed high relative abundance in June, and the fish biomass was highest in October. As a results of comparing the previous studies with this study, both rivers showed high biodiversity and were found to maintain stable populations of fishes. According to analysis of tolerance guilds, the proportion of tolerant species, based on the number of individuals, was composed of 14.4% and 1.1% in Osip Stream and Wangpi Stream, respectively. This very low ratio of tolerant species confirmed that both streams have very good physiochemical environment conditions. From the above results, it was judged that the fishery resource protection areas of Osip Stream and Wangpi Stream have high ecological function and preservation value. For sustainable use and management of fishery resource protection areas of Osip Stream and Wangpi Stream, it is suggested that biological disturbance management, fish discharge projects considering environmental capacity, efforts to improve the habitat environment, and establishing a fishery resource protection areas management system were necessary as considerations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.79-89
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• 2009

For preliminary diagnosis on current fishing ground environment and basic information for establishment of effective and rational management policy in fisheries resources protection area, water and sediment quality and changes of total area in the 10 marine protection areas designated for fisheries resources management in Korea were assessed. Results showed that environmental quality in these areas has been degraded by pollution sources, coastal utilization and development stress, etc. The pattern and degree of contamination differed by protection areas, suggesting that it is necessary for optimum environmental management plan considering the regional characteristics. The total designated area of protection areas in 2003 changed by $-22.9{\sim}2.4%$, on average -6.4%, compared with the first year of designation; Wando-Doam Bay showd the highest increase rate (2.4%), and Hansan Bay has the highest decrease rate (-22.9%) Decrease rate of land and sea in total area showd 6.1% and 6.6%. An integrated management of environmental data in protection areas is required for systematic assessment. Therefore, the suitable environmental and information management is needed specifically considering the environment characteristics such as development and utilization conditions of land and sea area Furthermore, bemuse urbanization and industrialization threats the junctions of the protection areas, authorized ministry (MIFAFF) should develope and establish monitoring and management procedures based on the related laws.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.118-126
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• 2023

In accordance with the increased demand for ocean use, the Marine Spatial Planning system was introduced to rationally allocate ocean space, under which fishing activity protection zones have been designated to protect fishery activities and promote fishery resource protection. However, fishing vessels that mainly sail in fishing activity protection zones are exposed to risk, such that they account for about 70% of marine accidents that occur in Korea, Proper risk management is thus required. This study aims to analyze marine accidents in fishing activities protection zones and port and navigation zones to secure the safety of fishing vessels passing within fishing activity protection zones. To this end, the traffic volume in marine use zones was investigated, and marine accidents were investigated by ship type, accident type, tonnage, accident cause, and loss of life. Analysis determined that most of the marine accidents per unit area of each type occurred in port and navigation zones, but overall most marine accidents occurred in fishing activity protection zones. In particular, it was found that traffic safety management was necessary because many human accidents occurred.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.586-594
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• 2017

This study was carried out to identify the potential protected areas recognized by experts to conform to the international definition of protected areas for effective implementation of CBD Aichi Target-11. A policy forum of 13 experts on the protected area was formed and conducted four forums, two surveys, and examination in the context of international perspective to identify four potential protected areas including the water source protection area, riparian buffer zone, fishery resources protected area, and urban natural park area. Excluding the existing protected areas, the total size of the potential protected areas was about $5,643.9km^2$ composed of the terrestrial areas of $3,117.9km^2$ and the marine areas of $2,526km^2$. As such, we can expect the expansion of coverage of national protected areas by up to 3.11% of the terrestrial land and up to 0.67% of the terrestrial marine area. This study is meaningful in that it provides the fundamental information to achieve the national target of protected areas in response to CBD Aichi Target-11. Further research on improving the protected areas qualitatively and quantitatively and identifying and linking with other effective regional OECM are required to enhance the national protected area system.

• Journal of Marine Life Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.70-80
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• 2019

Ichthyofauna and community structure of fish were studied for two fisheries resource reserves, Chuncheon reservoir and Andong reservoir from 2017 to 2018. Fish were sampled 8 times at each reservoir. In Chuncheon reservoir, total number of fish sampled was 1,197 representing 34 species and 13 families. Dominant species and sub-dominant species were Lepomis macrochirus (23.2%) and Zacco platypus (17.4%), respectively. In Andong reservoir, total number of fish sampled was 1,393 representing 24 species and 9 families. Dominant species and sub-dominant species were L. macrochirus (15.7%) and Carassius carassius (15.2%), respectively. The diversity index of two sampling site increased compared to previous investigation. The evenness index was not changed much in Andong reservoir but increased in Chuncheon reservoir. Ichthyofauna and community structure of fish at sampling sites in both reservoirs maintained stable except high proportion of exotics species with needed to be reduced by consistent effort. For better fish population in these communities, however, various efforts such as seed stocking and installment of artificial spawning ground should be provided to these reservoirs.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.33-51
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to estimate conservation value of fisheries resource protected area by the double-bounded dichotomous choice contingent valuation method. The data in this analysis come from a survey of respondents of resident in fisheries resource protected area using a proportional stratified sampling from the population. The questionnaires covered all the 5 fisheries resource protected area and the sample size of every protected area was 120 questionnaires. The survey period was from August to October in 2016. Above all, the average willingness to pay amount(WTP) per person of Namhae-Tongyoung I, Namhae-Tongyoung II, Jindong bay, Hansan bay, Cheonsu bay is estimated \6,215, \13,215, \6,405, \9,785, and \10,390 respectively. And, the total value of Namhae-Tongyoung I, Namhae-Tongyoung II, Jindong bay, Hansan bay, and Cheonsu bay is evaluated \108.8 billion, \357 billion, \118 billion, 210.2 billion, \ 245.8 billion respectively. Moreover, the yearly value of Namhae-Tongyoung I, Namhae-Tongyoung II, Jindong bay, Hansan bay, and Cheonsu bay is evaluated \6 billion, \19.6 billion, \6.5 billion, 11.6 billion, \ 13.5 billion. In conclusion, fisheries resource protected area has the higher conservational value. Consequently, it is essential for now or future generation's use of fisheries resources. In light of the fisheries resource protected area's value and importance, this should be promoted to the public including the local community who utilizes fisheries resource protected area wisely. Also, this suggests that the policy for fishery resource's creation and management is needed in fisheries resource protected area.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.41-61
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• 2011

Marine protected Areas(MPAs) are specially designated zones of the sea that are designed to secure operation of ecosystem function and to restore marine ecosystem to the original state by excluding all detrimental human activities. MPAs have been proposed in many countries as means of realizing sustainable fisheries and recently MPAs are newly receiving attention as precautionary measure for global warming and climate change. The purpose of this paper is to examine the possibility of MPAs as fisheries management tools through a wide range of literature analysis and to suggest necessity of fisheries purpose of MPAs in Korea. Establishment of marine protected area can accompany various economic benefits such as restoration of marine environment, preservation of habitats, promotion of marine tourism and so on. Especially, a lot of case studies suggested that MPAs may bring out benefits to the fishing industry as a result of enhanced stocks. Fisheries benefits of MPAs on targeted species include increased abundance, increased mean individual size and age, increased reproductive output, enhanced recruitment inside and outside refuge, maintenance of genetic diversity of stocks, and enhanced fishery yields in adjacent fishing grounds, so called spill-over. MPAs for ecosystem conservation and protection of coastal wetland have been applied appropriately and effectively, however, the Korean MPAs system is still detective due to absence of fisheries purpose MPAs. Finally, suggestions for Korean MPAs can be summarized as following four recommendations; to establish number of small-scale MPAs rather than few large MPAs, to designate island and its surrounding areas as reserve, to consider MPA design with stock enhancement program, and to undertake co-management with Eochon-Gye, the traditional coastal community in Korea.