• Title/Summary/Keyword: 수분활성도

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Mannitol Production by Aureobasidium pullulans (Aureobasidium pullulans에 의한 Mannitol의 생산)

  • 윤종원;이경희송승구
    • KSBB Journal
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.140-146
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    • 1994
  • Aureobasidium pullulans produced high concentration of polyols extracellularly in the media of sucrose, glucose and mannose as sole carbon source. Mannitol was the main polyol produced during the late exponential and stationary phases of growth together with small quantities of glycerol. Sucrose and glucose were rather rapidly metabolized to mannitol among carbon sources examined where the initial glucose concentration showed no difference in the amount of mannitol. In contrast 20%(w/v) of sucrose was the most appropriate concentration tested. However, the yield of mannitol based on substrate used($Y_{p/s}$) was independent on the initial concentration, and the mean value of mannitol yield in 10% glucose and sucrose media was 0.144 and 0.188, respectively. Mannitol production was reduced in response to an elevated water stress imposed by salts within the range from 0.25 to IM of NaCl or KCl as stress solutes. However, glycerol contents and its ratio to mannitol were increased at the conditions of high salinity. Based on the results, extracellular mannitol produced by A. pullulans probably resulted partly from osmoregulation(in case of glycerol) and mainly from, as known to occur in most of fungi, enzymatic reduction of the corresponding hexoses through phosphate pathway.

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Physicochemical Characteristics of Traditional Fermented Soybean Products Manufactured in Folk Villages of Sunchang Region (순창 고추장민속마을에서 생산한 전통 장류의 이화학적 특성)

  • Kim, Jong-Wook;Kim, Yong-Suk;Jeong, Pyeong-Hwa;Kim, Hyung-Eun;Shin, Dong-Hwa
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.223-230
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    • 2006
  • For standardization of quality of traditional fermented soybean products manufactured in Folk Villages of Sunchang Region, the physicochemical characteristics of 28 Kochujang, 28 Doenjang, and 18 Chunggukjang were compared. Moisture contents of Kochujang, Doenjang, and Chunggukjang were $46.9{\pm}3.6,\;60.6{\pm}1.9,\;and\;57.0{\pm}3.10%$, respectively. On the basis of average moisture contents, crude protein, crude fat, and crude ash contents were calculated to $6.2{\pm}0.7,\;2.0{\pm}0.5,\;and\;8.2{\pm}1.1%$ in Kochujang, $13.2{\pm}1.0,\;7.1{\pm}0.6,\;and\;15.2{\pm}1.5%$ in Doenjang, and $18.9{\pm}1.2,\;6.1{\pm}1.4,\;and\;5.1{\pm}1.7%$ in Chunggukjang, respectively. Reducing sugar, salinity, and water activities in Kochujang were $19.25{\pm}4.1%,\;7.3{\pm}1.1%,\;and\;0.790{\pm}0.003$, in Doenjang were $2.38{\pm}0.89%,\;14.2{\pm}1.4%,\;and\;0.835{\pm}0.020$, and in Chunggukjang were $0.51{\pm}0.24%,\;4.2{\pm}1.6%,\;and\;0.962{\pm}0.028$, respectively. Amino-type nitrogen contents, which affects delicate flavors of fermented soybean products, of Kochujang, Doenjang, and Chunggukjang were $114.03{\pm}19.04,\;734.32{\pm}147.70,\;and\;600{\pm}150mg%$, respectively. Lightness (l), redness (a), and yellowness (b) values in color of Kochujang were $14.49{\pm}1.44,\;15.45{\pm}1.77,\;and\;8.34{\pm}1.02$, respectively, and the redness was lower than that of other ones. Those of Doenjang were $26.69{\pm}4.33,\;7.25{\pm}1.03,\;and\;12.02{\pm}1.82$, respectively, and those of Chunggukjang were $35.62{\pm}2.05,\;6.31{\pm}0.37,\;and\;13.50{\pm}0.78$, respectively. These results indicate that the salt concentration and quality of traditional fermented soybean products manufactured in Folk Villages of Sunchang region must be lowered and standardized, respectively.

The effect of superheated steam drying on physicochemical and microbial characteristics of Korean traditional actinidia (Actinidia arguta) leaves (과열증기 건조가 토종 다래순의 이화학적 및 미생물학적 특성에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Ah-Na;Ko, Hee-Suk;Lee, Kyo-Yeon;Rahman, M. Shafiur;Heo, Ho Jin;Choi, Sung-Gil
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.464-471
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    • 2017
  • The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of superheated steam drying on physicochemical and microbial characteristics of Korean traditional actinidia (Actinidia arguta) leaves. Actinidia leaves were dried at steam temperature of $350^{\circ}C$ and oven temperature of $150^{\circ}C$ for 40-200 sec. Moisture content and water activity decreased with increasing the drying time, while color values including L, a, and b values and total color difference (${\Delta}E$) increased as drying time increased. The relationship between moisture content and water activity showed an exponential fit with high correlation vlaue ($R^2=0.9909$). Total phenolics and flavonoids content and antioxidant activity such as DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, and FRAP assay of dried actinidia leaves increased with increasing the drying time up to 160 sec, but dramatically decreased at drying of 200 sec. The numbers of total areobic bacteria of leaves was not detected at drying time over 120 sec and coliform of all the samples was not detected. As a results, the superheated steam was an very effective drying method of increase to the nutritional and sanitary quality of dried Korean traditional actinidia leaves.

Biological Activity of Mixed Extracts of Acanthopanax senticosus and Citrus unshiu Fermented with Bovista plumbea for Inner Beauty (이너뷰티 소재로서의 생물전환된 가시오가피-진피 혼합 추출물의 생물학적 활성)

  • Eun Jeong Kim;So Yeon Kim;Su Yeon Kang;Yung Choon Yoo;Taek Joon Yoon;Gye Won Lee;Young Ho Cho
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.33 no.7
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    • pp.555-564
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    • 2023
  • In this study, the anti-oxidant activity, elastase inhibitory activity, and skin moisturizing effect of mixed extracts of Acanthopanax senticosus and Citrus unshiu fermented with Bovista plumbea (B-MEAC) were evaluated to verify the availability as a material for inner beauty. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of B-MEAC was showed in a dose-dependent manner (SC50=156.1±0.82 ㎍/ml). Also, B-MEAC inhibited the elastase activity in a concentration-dependent manner (p<0.001). To study the effect of B-MEAC on mouse skin hydration, skin moisture content and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) measured. As a result, skin moisture content increased (p<0.001) and TEWL decreased (p<0.01) compared to the dry-induced control group. The effect on the change of collagen fibers in the dry-induced mouse skin was examined through Masson's trichrome staining. In the group administered with B-MEAC, the amount of collagen relatively increased compared to the control group, and the intensity of blue color increased. The effect on the moisturizing function of the dry-induced mouse skin was examined by Western blot method. In the group administered with B-MEAC, the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) protein decreased compared to the control group. In addition, the expression level of collagen1A1 (COL1A1), hyaluronan synthase-2 (HAS2), filaggrin, and aquaporin-3 (AQP3) recovered (p<0.001). Therefore, these results suggest the potential of B-MEAC as a skin hydration agent for inner beauty.

탄소 콘크리트 구조적 거동

  • 손기상;권성대
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Industrial Safety Conference
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    • 2001.11a
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    • pp.175-178
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    • 2001
  • 탄소는 활성탄으로 제조되어 다른 재료와 접촉시에 수분을 많이 흡수하여 콘크리트와 배합시 과정이 활성적으로 진행되는 점을 이용하여 조직이 좀더 밀도 있게 콘크리트 자체의 일부 단점을 보완하여 강도개선 특히 인장강도 개선을 밝히고자 하는데 본 연구의 목적이 있다. 시행착오 방법을 사용하여 콘크리트에 배합을 해나가는 과정으로 배합비를 처음 소량에서부터 점점 증가시켜나가는 방법을 택하였다. 배합에서 비 숙련에 의한 오차를 줄이기 위해서 K 건설레미콘에서 20년 경력자에 의해서 배합관리 되었고 $17^{\circ}$ $\pm$$3^{\circ}C$ 자동온도 조절기에 의해서 양생되었다.(중략)

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Effect of Moisture on Stabilization of Municipal Solid Wastes in Anaerobic Landfill (혐기성 폐기물매립지에 있어서 수분이 매립폐기물의 안정화에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Hye-Jin;Kim, Joung-Ho;Oh, Dong-Ik;Kim, Seok-Chan;Lee, Nam-Hoon;Kim, Nack-Joo
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.124-130
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    • 2005
  • Landfilling is most widely used as the final disposal tool of solid wastes. Solid wastes landfilled are stabilized by microbial degradation which is affected by several factors such as moisture, oxygen, pH, alkalinity, sulphate, nutrient, inhibitor, hydrogen, and temperature. Especially moisture plays a major role in microbial degradation. In this study, the effects of moisture on the degradation of municipal solids waste (MSW) were investigated. Four lysimeters with four different levels of moisture content i.e., 20, 30, 40, and 50% were operated; lysimeters were packed with MSW, and anaerobically operated. Anaerobic lysimeters with higher moisture content produced more $CO_2$ and landfill gases (LFG). It means that the moisture has a positive effect on the microbial degradation.

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Study of CO2 Adsorption Characteristics on Acid Treated and LiOH Impregnated Activated Carbons (산 처리 및 LiOH 첨착 활성탄에서 이산화탄소의 흡착 특성에 대한 연구)

  • Han, Jae Uk;Kim, Dae Jung;Kang, Min;Kim, Jin Won;Kim, Ji Man;Yie, Jae Eui
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.16 no.3
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    • pp.312-316
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    • 2005
  • Adsorption characteristics of $CO_2$ on activated carbons were evaluated using dynamic adsorption method in a fixed bed with acid treatment, LiOH impregnation and water vapor supply. Physical and chemical properties of the activated carbons were measured using SEM, EDS, nitrogen adsorption, FTIR and XRD. Nitric acid treatment led to the decrease in BET surface area and the increase in oxygen content of virgin activated carbon, and it produced a new functional group that included nitrogen. For the reduction of BET surface area by LiOH impregnation, the nitric acid treated activated carbon (NAC) was less than the virgin activated carbon (AC). Large particles of LiOH were present on the carbon surface when the content of LiOH was over 2 wt%. The adsorbed amount of $CO_2$ on activated carbon in a fixed bed increased with the acid treatment, LiOH impregnation and water vapor supply. The XRD results indicated that LiOH was converted to $Li_2CO_3$ after the adsorption of $CO_2$ on LiOH precursor.

Studies on the Long-Term Preservable Meat Products Based on the Water Activity Control (수분활성도 조절에 의한 육제품의 장기저장에 관한 연구)

  • 신현길;김행하;이원창
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.1 no.2
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    • pp.115-120
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    • 1986
  • This experiment was carried out to develop long-term preservable meat products by controlling a water activity which has a potential inhibitory effects on the growth of microorganism and germination of spore. For this purpose the accuracy of instrument for the measurement of water activity, electric hygrometer was used for this study as well as water activity of final products were investigated according to the various amounts of different kinds of additives. Spore of Bacillus spp, Clostridium sporogenes and Cl. botulinum were inoculated to the meat products with different aw and their growth states in $25^{\circ}C$ were observed to find out the lowest aw which inhibit their growth (aw 0.950).

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Organic Matter Dynamics on Golf Course Greens (골프장 그린에서 토섬별 유기물의 경시적 변화)

  • Huh, Keun-Young;Ko, Byong-Gu
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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    • v.36 no.3
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    • pp.21-28
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    • 2008
  • The management of soil organic matter(SOM) is a key component of golf course green maintenance. As part of a major project examining the sustainable management of SOM on golf course greens, the SOM status of different age greens maintained in the same root zone composition and management were compared. Then the microbial activity, tiller number, bulk density, water content, pH, EC, and T-N in the soil were measured. In the 0${\sim}$5cm depth SOM accumulation showed no significant difference between greens. Below 5cm SOM showed a strong significance between greens and had a positive(+) correlation with year and negative(-) correlation with depth. when regression equations were used to predict SOM accumulation with year and depth, SOM below 5cm tended to increase with a rate of 0.061% . year$^{-1}$ and decrease with a rate of 0.079% . $cm^{-1}$(R2==0.841). Soil microbial activity was investigated with age and depth by using a dehydrogenase assay. Results showed a sharp drop with depth in all greens. The soil microbial activity below 5cm showed no difference between greens. The accumulated SOM below 5cm may be very resistant to decomposition in the long-term. Five years after establishment, the bulk density did not significantly change. The water content, EC, and T-N had a significant correlation with SOM. The pH decreased with the year, which may influence SOM accumulation. Organic matter accumulation was mainly affected by the pH decrase,low soil microbial activity, and high organic matter resistant to decomposition, but the effects of water content, EC, and T-N were obscure.

Effect of Soy Protein Hydrolyzate on Lipid Metabolism and Antioxidant Activity in the Rat (대두단백가수분해물이 흰쥐의 지질대사와 항산화에 미치는 영향)

  • Han, Yoon-Hee;Park, Sang-Kyu;Kim, Hye-Young
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.41 no.2
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    • pp.119-126
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    • 2008
  • This study was conducted to investigate the effect of soy protein hydrolyzate on lipid metabolism and antioxidant activity in the rat. Thirty-eight male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain were divided into five groups: casein, isolated soy protein (ISP), seoritae protein hydrolyzate (SH), soluble soy protein hydrolyzate (SS), and insoluble soy protein hydrolyzate (IS). The control diet (casein group) contained 20% casein protein and experimental diet contained 10% casein and 10% isolated soy-protein or soy-protein hydrolyzate. Fecal lipid content was increased and lipid apparent absorption rate was decreased significantly by the ISP group at the first week of experimental period. Blood triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and atherogenic index (AI) were decreased by soy protein hydrolyzate groups than casein group. Liver total lipid, triglyceride and cholesterol were not different among groups, but showed decreasing tendencies in soyprotein hydrolyzate groups. The lipid lowering effect was prominent in the IS group among soy protein hydrolyzate groups. Total antioxidant activity showed increasing tendency in the seoritae hydrolyzate group. Liver superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase activities also showed higher tendencies in the seoritae hydrolyzate group than other groups. In conclusion, insoluble soyprotein hydrolyzate was more effective in lowering body lipids and seoritae hydrolyzate had higher antioxidant capacity among soy protein hydrolyzates.