• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2021.04a
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• pp.19-19
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• 2021

경남 양산의 천성산에서만 생육하는 산림청·국립수목원 지정 희귀식물(Critically Endangered, CR) 주걱댕강나무 개체군을 대상으로 20개소의 방형구(10×10m, 100m²) 내 개체의 특성(개체수, 개화, 결실 등), 종자의 활력검정, 차광처리에 따른 생육 특성 및 우리나라 전역의 생육가능성에 대해 알아보았다. 20개소의 대상지에서 확인한 개체수는 총 3,270개체이며, 평균 개체밀도는 1.635/m²이다. 평균 수고는 1.1m 정도이며, 평균개화율은 27.37%이고 개화는 1.0~1.8m(평균수고 1.39m) 수고에서 집중되었다. 한편, 결실률은 평균 1.67%로 매우 낮았다. 종자의 크기는 평균 너비 0.27mm, 높이 0.18mm 정도로 너무 작아 X-ray 촬영을 통한 충실검정은 확인할 수 없었다. 종자를 1% Agar배지에 종자를 치상한 후 온도조건(15, 20, 25℃)에 따른 실험 및 온도(15, 20, 25℃)와 GA3 농도(100, 250, 500PPM)처리 실험 모두 발아율은 0%였다. 결실률이 매우 낮고, 종자 발아율 또한 낮으며 지하경을 뻗는 특성으로 보아 종자는 휴면종자이며 영양생장을 취하는 것으로 판단된다. 차광처리에 따른 생육 특성 실험 결과, 신초는 평균 30.6mm 성장, 엽록소 평균 함량 25.30, 잎의 수 평균 8.32개, 잎 길이 평균 35.93mm, 잎 폭 평균 20.37mm정도 성장하여 엽면적은 평균 761.10mm로 나타났다. 생육은 조도계를 활용한 실 차광률로 볼 때, 67.8% > 82.8% > 88.2% > 43.2% > 91.9%의 순서로 나타났다. 주걱댕강나무 자생지 내 수관열림도가 21.86%로 이를 차광률로 환산할 경우 70%내외의 차광률에서 생육이 효율적인 것을 확인하였다. 기후대별로 5개소에 이식한 주걱댕강나무는 이듬해까지 모두 생육이 원활하였다. A. spathulata를 Diabelia ionostachya종들과 가까운 유연관계를 가진다는 연구에서 D. ionostachya 샘플은 위도상 강원도 고성군에 속하고 있어 우리나라 대부분 지역에서 식재가 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.87-100
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• 2016

The acquisition of the forest resource information has depended on a partial sampling method or aerial photographs which demand a lot of effort and time because of the vast areas and the difficult approach. For the acquisition of the forest resource information, there have been the optical remote-sensing and the multi-spectrum image to offer only horizontal distributions of trees, but a new technological approach, such as Airborne LiDAR, is more necessary to acquire directly three dimensional information related to the forest terrains and trees' features. This paper proposes an algorithm for the forest information extraction such as trees' individual numbers and the heights of trees by using LiDAR data. Especially, this proposed algorithm adopts a region growing method for the extraction of the vegetation-point and extracts the forest information using morphological features of trees.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.639-650
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• 2022

Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai, a rare plant with distylous characteristics, is native to certain parts of the Korean Peninsula. It is registered on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species as a globally endangered plant. This study was conducted to establish an appropriate local conservation management plan suitable for future A. distichum populations by comparing and analyzing the flowering characteristics and population size according to distyly based on the results of quantitative surveys in 14 regions, including 8 areas with native populations of A. distichum and 6 natural monument populations. The number of individuals appearing in each population group was surveyed, and the flowering individuals were identified by style as being either pin or thrum flower types as they were being examined and recorded on the site. In total, 13,130 individuals of A. distichum (7,003 flowering and 6,127 non-flowering individuals) were recorded, but the balance of the number of pin- and thrum-flowered individuals in each population was not significant (p<0.05), indicating an imbalanced state. In particular, the Yeongdong (YD) population was very disproportionate compared to other populations, suggesting that its genetic diversity was low and the possibility of inbreeding was high. The average flowering and fruiting rates by management unit were much higher in the natural monument populations (89.2% and 55.3%, respectively) than in the natural habitat populations (39.0% and 8.5%, respectively). It may be due to a difference in reproductive growth resulting from light inflow into the forest caused by the upper crown closure. The area of occupation (AOO) of A. distichum on the Korean Peninsula covered an area of 23,224.5 m². Although the natural monument population was smaller than the natural habitat population, its density was higher, likely as a result of the periodic management of natural monument populations, where the installation of protective facilities in certain areas restricts population spread. Conservation of A. distichum populations requires removing the natural monument populations suspected of anthropogenic and genetic disturbances and expanding the conservation priority population by designating new protected areas. Although the habitats of natural monument populations are managed by the Cultural Heritage Administration and local governments, there are no agencies that are responsible for managing natural habitat populations. Therefore, institutional improvement in the overall management of A. distichum should be prioritized.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.67-74
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• 2016

Drone images with high spatial resolution are emerging as an alternative to previous studies with extraction limits in high density forests. Individual tree in the dense forests were extracted from drone images. To detect the individual tree extracted through the image segmentation process, the image segmentation results were compared between the combination of DSM and all R,G,B band and the combination of DSM and R,G,B band separately. The changes in the tree density of a deciduous forest was experimented by time and image. Especially the image of May when the forests are dense, among the images of March, April, May, the individual tree extraction rate based on the trees surveyed on the site was 50%. The analysis results of the width of crown showed that the RMSE was less than 1.5m, which was the best result. For extraction of the experimental area, the two sizes of medium and small trees were extracted, and the extraction accuracy of the small trees was higher. The forest tree volume and forest biomass could be estimated if the tree height is extracted based on the above data and the DBH(diameter at breast height) is estimated using the relational expression between crown width and DBH.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.83-92
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• 2022

The 2020 summer extreme flood severely disturbed the riparian ecosystem of the Seomjin River. Some trees were killed by the flood impact, whereas others have recovered through epicormic regeneration after the disturbance. At the same time, several tree individuals newly germinated. This research aimed to explain the recovery of the riparian ecosystem by spatial proximity between each tree individual of different characteristics, such as "dead", "recovered", and "newly germinated". A spatial point pattern analysis based on K and g-functions revealed that the newly germinated trees and the existing trees were distributed in the spatially clumping patterns. However, further detailed analysis revealed that the new trees were statistically less attracted to the recovered trees than the dead trees, implying competitive interactions hidden in the facilitative interactions. Habitat amelioration by the existing trees positively affected the growth of the new trees, while "living" existing trees were competing with the new trees for resources. This research is expected to provide new knowledge in this era of rapid climate change, which likely induces stronger and more frequent natural disturbance than before. Environmental factors have been widely used for ecosystem modeling, but species interactions, represented by the relative spatial distribution of plant individuals, are also valuable factors explaining ecosystem dynamics.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.172-176
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• 2021

The Hosta 'Hwangnarae' was bred at the Korea National Arboretum, which was induced using ethyl-methanesulfonate (EMS) to obtain mutants. Among the leaf variegated Hosta plants, some with yellowish-green color pattern on the edge of the leaves was selected. They were cultivated through vegetative production. Assessment of the botanical characteristics was executed for six years from 2013 to 2018. Major characteristics such as yellowish-green color pattern on the edge of leaves appeared uniformly and was finally selected in 2019. The Hosta 'Hwangnarae' that have been bred in this way can prove to be useful as material for a ground cover plant or pot plant.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.441-448
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• 2010

This paper estimates the tree height using Airborne LiDAR that is obtained for each season to analyze its influence based on a canopyclosure and data fusion. The tree height was estimated by extracting the First Return (RF) from the tree and the Last Return (LR) from the surface of earth to assume each tree via image segmentation and to obtain the height of each tree. Each data on tree height that is collected from seasonal data and the result of tree height acquired from the data fusion were compared. A tree height measuring device was used to measure on site and its accuracy was compared. Also, its applicability on the result of fused data that is obtained through the Airborne LiDAR is examined. As a result of the experiment, the result of image segmentation for an individual tree was closer to the result of site study for 1 meter interval when compared to the 0.5 meter interval of point cloud. In case of the tree height, the application of fused data enables a closer site measurement result than the application of data for each season.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.548-557
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• 2021

Cypripedium japonicum Thunb. is an endemic plant in East Asia, distributed only in Korea, China, and Japan. At the global level, the IUCN Red List evaluates it as "Endangered Species (EN)," and at the national level in Korea, it is evaluated as "Critically Endangered Species (CR)." In this study, we investigated the characteristics of the age structure and the sustainability of the population based on the data obtained by demographic monitoring conducted for seven years in the natural habitat. C. japonicum habitats were observed in 7 regions of Korea (Pochoen, Gapyeong, Hwacheon, Chuncheon, Yeongdong, Muju, Gwangyang), and 4,356 individuals in 15 subpopulations were identified. The population size and structure differed from region to region, and artificial management had a very important effect on the size and structural change of the population. Population viability analysis (PVA) based on changes in the number of individuals of C. japonicum showed a very diverse tendency by region. And the probability of population extinction in the next 100 years was 0.00% for Pocheon, 10.90% for Gwangyang, 24.05% for Chuncheon, and 79.50% for Hwacheon. Since the above monitored study sites were located within the conservation shelters, which restricted access by humans, unauthorized collection of C. japonicum, the biggest threat to the species, was not reflected in the individual viability. So, the risk of extinction in Korea is expected to be significantly higher than that estimated in this study. Therefore, it is necessary to reflect population information in several regions that may represent various threats to determine the extinction risk of the C. japonicum population objectively. In the future, we should expand the demographic monitoring of the C. japonicum population known in Korea.

• Landscaping Tree
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• s.127
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• pp.32-36
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• 2012

수목에 있어서 해충방제란 인간에게 경제적 손실을 초래하고 해충의 활동을 억제하는 것으로서, 수목 해충의 밀도 개체수를 일정한 수준 이하로 조절하는 것을 의미한다. 즉 유해한 생물이 존재하더라도 그 밀도가 인간에게 심각한 피해를 줄 정도가 아니면 굳이 시간과 경비를 투자하여 방제 작업을 수행할 필요가 없다. 어떤 해충의 밀도가 점점 높아져서 이들에 의한 피해를 방치 하였을 때 예상되는 손실액이 방제에 소요될 제반 비용보다 높을 경우에는 방제 수단을 적용해야 할 것이며, 이러한 해충에 의한 손실액과 방제비용이 같을 때의 해충밀도를 경제적 피해수준이라고 한다. 따라서 경제적 피해수준을 경계로 하여 방제를 할 것인가 말 것인가를 결정하게 되며 조경수의 경우에는 경관미적 가치도 이러한 경제적 피해수준에 반영되어야 한다고 생각된다. 해충의 방제법을 대별하여 보면 기계적 방제법, 물리적 방제법, 화학적 방제법, 생물학적 방제법, 임업적 방제법, 페로몬과 기타 생리활성물질을 이용한 방제법, 법적 방제법으로 분류할 수 있다. 그러나 최근의 수목해충 방제는 화학적 방제 일변도의 방제가 이루어지고 있기 때문에 환경오염 등 생태환경에 영향을 주고 있는 상황에 있다. 이러한 관점에서 본다면 수목해충 방제는 여러 가지의 방제법을 적지 적소에 활용할 수 있는 종합적인 방제방법이 필요한 시점이라고 할 수 있다. 특히 화학적 방제를 할 시의 주의점 등 각각의 방제법에 대하여는 추후 살펴보도록 하겠으며, 본 지면에서는 직접적 방제법인 기계적 방제법과 물리적인 방제법에 대하여 소개하도록 하겠다.

• Landscaping Tree
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• s.126
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• pp.57-60
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• 2012

조경수 재배를 위하여 대상 수종이 선정되었다면 그 나무의 특성을 살리기 위해 어떻게 번식하여야 할지 결정하여야 한다. 만약 배롱나무의 꽃 색깔이나 수형이 특이한 개체가 있다면 이 형질을 유지하기 위해서는 영양번식을 하여야 하는데 배롱나무는 삽목이 잘되므로 꺾꽂이를 하는 것이 맞을 것이다. 파종번식의 경우 다른 개체와 교잡이 이루어져 원하는 형태의 형질을 얻을 수 없게 된다. 번식방법은 유성번식과 무성번식으로 나눌 수 있는데 유성번식이란 씨앗을 파종하며 다른 나무의 꽃가루를 받아 수정(fertilization)이 이루어져 열매가 맺히게 된다. 이 방법의 장점은 한꺼번에 많은 개체를 동시에 생산할 수 있어 대량번식이 가능할 뿐 아니라 번식이 비교적 쉽고 교잡을 통하여 다양한 형질이 나타나므로 새로운 품종으로 육종할 수 있는 장점이 있지만 품종변이를 일으키므로 우수한 품종을 번식하기 위해서는 무성번식을 해야 하는데 식물의 생장점 일부를 취하여 새로운 독립된 개체로 유도하는 방법으로 모수의 형질이 그대로 이어지므로 우수품종의 번식에 이용되는데 삽목, 접목, 취목, 분주, 조직배양 등 다양한 방법이 있으며 숙련된 기술이 필요로 한다.