• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.11
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• pp.1533-1543
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• 2016

The anti-stress effects of Punica granatum L. (family Lythraceae, PG) on $H_2O_2$/corticosterone (CORT)-induced stress in cells and sleep-deprived rats were investigated. The PG extract showed neuroprotective effects in SH-SY5Y cells against $H_2O_2$/CORT-induced stress. Sleep deprivation led to behavioral, hormonal, and biochemical alterations in the animal model. The effects of P. granatum on physiological, behavioral, and biochemical parameters aggravated by sleep deprivation were investigated. Sleep deprivation impaired physiological (survival, body weight, and drowsiness scores) and behavioral (rotarod, passive avoidance, hot hyperalgesia, and Y maze) parameters as well as biochemical factors (cortisol, serotonin, dopamine, testosterone, and growth factor I contents in serum). These parameters were significantly recovered by PG extract in a concentration-dependent manner. The PG extract also enhanced catalase, superoxide dismutase, and non-enzymatic antioxidative activities such as glutathione compared to sleep-deprived rats. On the basis of these results, our findings suggest that Punica granatum prevents impairment of body functions induced by sleep deprivation and related oxidative damage.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.313-318
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to the relationship between sleep disturbances and Burning mouth syndrome(BMS). BMS presents as a chronic burning sensation in the oral mucous membrane that is frequently associated with sleep disturbances. BMS is considered neuropathic pain condition with dysfunction of small diameter afferent sensory fiber. A review of the studies reveals, BMS suggested peripheral and cental nervous system changes. Sleep disruption or Rem sleep deprivation cause an inhibition of opioid protein synthesis and a reduced affinity of ${\mu}$ and ${\delta}$ opioid receptors. Let me say that sleep disturbances suggest a risk factor For BMS and support to evaluate as a part of BMS treatment. Further study will be required to ascertain the relationship between distruption of sleep continuity or Rem sleep deprivation and BMS and the evidence of altered neurochemical degeneration of BMS.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.79-81
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• 1991

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.107-118
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• 2007

Background : It is well known that non-rapid eye movement(NREM) sleep activates the occurrence of interictal epileptiform discharges(IED) in many epileptic syndromes. We performed this study to assess the effect of NREM sleep on IED in epileptic patients with organic brain lesions. Materials and Methods : We analyzed awake and sleep electroencephalopathy(EEG) recorded simultaneously after partial sleep deprivation in 50 patients. We calculated the awake and sleep spike index (ASI and SSI, spikes/epoch), and the percentage increase of ASI and SSI during sleep. Results : In the 50 patients, the IEDs were recorded exclusively during the awake state in 1 (2%) patient, and during the sleep state in 13(26%) patients. The SSI was higher in 44 (88%) patients, and the ASI was higher in 5 (10%) patients. The mean ASI and the SSI in patients with organic brain lesions were $0.058{\pm}0.121$ and $0.148{\pm}0.187$, and it was $0.081{\pm}0.150$ and $0.174{\pm}0.226$ in patients without organic brain lesions. There were significant increases in the spike index (P<0.05) during NREM sleep in both groups (n=36), but no significant difference in the percent increase of spike index (P>0.05). Conclusion : The IEDs were activated significantly during NREM sleep both in patients with and without organic brain lesions, but there were no differences in the degree of activation in both groups. The activating effect of NREM sleep was not correlated with clinical factors such as, frequent nocturnal seizures, frequent generalized tonic clonic seizures, type of epilepsy and taking anticonvulsants. We conclude that the routine EEG used to evaluate epileptiform discharges in epileptic patients should include sleep recordings after partial sleep deprivation.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.63-67
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• 2012

The reciprocal interaction between sleep and pain has been reported by numerous studies. Patients with acute or chronic pain often complain of difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakenings, shorter sleep duration, unrefreshing sleep, and poor sleep quality in general. According to the majority of the experimental human studies, sleep deprivation may produce hyperalgesic changes. The selective disruption of slow wave sleep has shown this effect more consistently, while results after selective REM sleep deprivation remain unclear. Patients with chronic pain have a marked alteration of sleep structure and continuity, such as frequent sleep-stage shifts, increased nocturnal awakenings, decreased slow wave sleep (SWS), decreased rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and alpha-delta sleep. Many analgesic medications can alter sleep architecture in a manner similar to the effects of acute and chronic pain, suppressing SWS and REM sleep.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.67-74
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• 2019

Anger is a multi-dimensional concept ranging from feeling irritable to violent aggression. A growing body of literature suggests the relevance of sleep in regard to anger. The current study aims to review previous studies on the association between anger and diverse aspects of sleep including sleep disruption, chronotype, sleep disorders and sleep deprivation. An association between sleep and anger has been observed starting in the early stage of life, with sleep of infants or toddlers affecting emotional and behavioral aspects of anger. However, the association between anger and sleep is not clear in adolescents and might be due to the effects of psychosocial factors on both sleep and anger during adolescence. Subjective but not objective sleep disturbances of adults have been also associated with anger. Evening types showed more anger, which might be mediated by psychological characteristics or social jet lag of evening people. Increased anger has also been found in those with insomnia, sleep apnea, or experimental sleep-deprivation. Previous studies have reported that diverse sleep disturbances are related to anger. Future study assessing the various sleep or circadian indices and considering the multidimensional aspects of anger are needed.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.106-114
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• 2002

Objectives: Daytime sleepiness is a common symptom and is associated with sleep behavior, sleep deprivation, and night shift, etc. It is also one of the most important symptoms of sleep disorders like obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). According to our survey on Korean literature, a few studies have dealt with daytime sleepiness, and we have not been able to locate any study comparing normal subjects with polysomnography-proven sleep disorder patients regarding daytime sleepiness. We aimed at comparing daytime sleepiness among normal healthy daytime workers, medical students being expected to have daytime sleepiness due to chronic sleep deprivation, and patients having sleep disorders diagnosed with polysomnography. We also studied the association between subjective daytime sleepiness and objective polysomnographic findings in patients with sleep disorders. Methods: One hundred three hospital workers, 137 medical students, and patients with sleep disorders were studied. Sleep disorders included OSA, periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS), insomnia, and narcolepsy. The degree of subjective sleepiness in each group was measured by the Korean version of Epworth sleepiness scale and compared. The relationship between polysomnographic findings reflecting severity of sleep disorder in each patient group and subjective sleepiness was analyzed. As for patients with narcolepsy, the relationship between the mean sleep latency and subjective sleepiness was studied. Results: There was a significant difference of ESS score (F=68.190, dF=5.752, p<0.001) among daytime workers, medical students, and sleep disorder patients. In OSA patient group, the degree of the sleepiness had no significant correlation either with mean O2 satuaration (p=0.062) or with RDI (p=0.807). In PLMS patient group, there was no correlation between periodic limb movement index (PLMI) and subjective sleepiness (p=0.761). In narcolepsy patient group, the subjective sleepiness had no correlation with mean sleep latency measured with MSLT (p=0.055). Conclusion: We found a significant difference of subjective sleepiness among daytime workers, medical students, and patients with sleep disorders. However, no consistent correlation was found between severity of subjective sleepiness and objective polysomnographic findings reflecting severity of each sleep disorder. This research confirms that the evaluation of subjective sleepiness is important clinically, but it cannot substitute the objective measures such as nocturnal polysomnography and MSLT.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.311-318
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• 2020

This was a basic study to ascertain the changes in sleep patterns and the factors disrupting sleep in hospitalized children. The participants were children aged 6 years or younger who had been hospitalized in an advanced general hospital in a particular region. A total of 81 participants were included, and for data analysis using SPSS/WIN 21.0. The results showed that children's sleep duration decreased significantly after hospitalization compared to before (p<.001), and there were significant differences in sleep onset latency (p<.001) and frequency of sleep deprivation (p<.001). Factors perceived by the children's mothers to disrupt sleep included the child's health state, noise in the ward, nurses' treatments, and lighting in the ward. This study verified that children's sleep quality and duration decreases during hospitalization, demonstrating the need to prepare measures to improve sleep in hospitalized children based on an understanding of changes in sleep patterns and disrupting factors.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.69-74
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• 1997

Sleep deprivation may affect the brain functions such as cognition and, consequentoy, dynamics of the EEG. we examiced the effects of sleep deprivation on chaoticity of EEG. Five volunteers were sleep-deprived over a period of 24 hours, They were checked by EEG during two days, the first day of baseline period, EEGs were reorded form 16 channels for nonlinear analysis. We dmployed a method of minimum cmbedding dimension to calculate the first positive Lyapunov exponent. For limited noisy data, this algorithm was strikingly faster and more accurate than previous ones. Our results show that the sleep deprived volunteers had lower values of the first positive Lyapunov exponent at ten channels (Fp$\_$1/, F$\_$4/, F$\_$8/, T$\_$4/, T$\_$5/, C$\_$3/, C$\_$4/, P$\_$3/, p$\_$4, O$\_$1/) compared with the values of baseline periods. These results suggested that sleep deprivation leads to decreawe of chaotic activity in brain and impairment of the information processing in the brain. We suggested that nonlinear analysis of the EEG before and after sleep deprivation may offer fruitful perspectives for understanding the role o f sleep deprivation on the brain function.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.57-65
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• 1997

As jet lag of modern travel continues to spread, there has been an exponential growth in popular explanations of jet lag and recommendations for curing it. Some of this attention are misdirected, and many of those suggested solutions are misinformed. The author reviewed the basic science of jet lag and its practical outcome. The jet lag symptoms stemed from several factors, including high-altitude flying, lag effect, and sleep loss before departure and on the aircraft, especially during night flight. Jet lag has three major components; including external de synchronization, internal desynchronization, and sleep loss. Although external de synchronization is the major culprit, it is not at all uncommon for travelers to experience difficulty falling asleep or remaining asleep because of gastrointestinal distress, uncooperative bladders, or nagging headaches. Such unwanted intrusions most likely to reflect the general influence of internal desynchronization. From the free-running subjects, the data has revealed that sleep tendency, sleepiness, the spontaneous duration of sleep, and REM sleep propensity, each varied markedly with the endogenous circadian phase of the temperature cycle, despite the facts that the average period of the sleep-wake cycle is different from that of the temperature cycle under these conditions. However, whereas the first ocurrence of slow wave sleep is usually associated with a fall in temperature, the amount of SWS is determined primarily by the length of prior wakefulness and not by circadian phase. Another factor to be considered for flight in either direction is the amount of prior sleep loss or time awake. An increase in sleep loss or time awake would be expected to reduce initial sleep latency and enhance the amount of SWS. By combining what we now know about the circadian characteristics of sleep and homeostatic process, many of the diverse findings about sleep after transmeridian flight can be explained. The severity of jet lag is directly related to two major variables that determine the reaction of the circadian system to any transmeridian flight, eg., the direction of flight, and the number of time zones crossed. Remaining factor is individual differences in resynchmization. After a long flight, the circadian timing system and homeostatic process can combine with each other to produce a considerable reduction in well-being. The author suggested that by being exposed to local zeit-gebers and by being awake sufficient to get sleep until the night, sleep improves rapidly with resynchronization following time zone change.