• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.349-357
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• 2001

Purpose : Meningeal hemangiopericytoma(M-HPC), characterized by a high local recurrency and metastatic potential, is a rare neoplasm arising from perivascular pericytes. A retrospective study was performed to identify the recurrence and extraneural metastasis in M-HPC. Materials and Methods : We reviewed the records of 31 M-HPC patients treated from 1982 through 1999 at our institution. The time to recurrence and the various parameters affecting recurrence were determined. Extreneural metastasis was also analyzed. Results : The rate of local recurrency was 38.7%(12/31). The overall average recurrence-free period(RFP) before the first recurrence was 104 months, with overall recurrence-free rates(RFRs) at 5 and 10 years after first surgery of 59.2% and 33.6%, respectively. Of the 12 patients who experienced local recurrence, 4 had recurrences 5 years later after the first surgery. Complete excision at the first operation significantly extended the average time before first recurrence from 43 to 111 months. The 5-year RFRs for the groups of complete excision and incomplete excision were 72.7% and 20.8%, respectively(p=0.0060). Although there was no statistical significance, complete excision followed by adjuvant radiotherapy of more than 50Gy extended the RFP. The 5-year RFRs for the groups of complete excision and complete excision with adjuvant radiotherapy were 70.3% and 100%, respectively(p=0.3359). Four patients(12.9%) presented one or more extraneural metastases that were developed at an average of 107 months after the first operation with the 5- and 10-year metastasis rates of 4.4% and 24.9%, respectively. Conclusions : M-HPC has a propensity to recur either locally or at distant sites after surgical resection. Complete excision is the most important factor to reduce recurrence. However, even with complete excision, adjuvant radiotherapy of more than 50Gy significantly reduces the risk of recurrence. Local and distant recurrences may occur after a prolonged disease-free interval, emphasizing the need for long-term follow-up.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.130-136
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• 2006

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to confirm the epidemiologic change of the causative organisms of neonatal and pediatric bacterial meningitis in Korea. And we tried to evaluate the risk factors correlated with prognosis which was available on the day of admission. Methods : Retrospectively, we reviewed the medical records of 57 patients admitted for bacterial meningitis at six hospitals affiliated with Catholic Medical Center for 6 years(Jan. 2000~Dec. 2005). Results : 22 cases(38.6%) of them were neonates under 28 days and 35 cases were infants and children ; 16 cases(28.1%), under 1 year ; 6 cases(10.5%), under 5 years ; 13 cases (22.8%), under 15 years. In neonates, 16 cases(72.7%) were caused by group B streptococcus (GBS). In infants and children, S. pneumoniae(25.7%), H. influenzae type b(Hib)(22.8%) and N. meningitidis(22.8%) were common cause of bacterial meningitis in order. In the informations available on the day of admission, weight deficit for age under 3 percentile, increased CRP level and decreased glucose level of CSF were related to poor prognosis(P<0.05). Conclusion : GBS became a leading cause of neonatal bacterial meningitis. Though, pneumoccocal, Hib and meningococcal meningitis were confirmed as major causes of bacterial meningitis. The routine immunization of pneumococcal and Hib vaccines will be considered, and it is necessary to introduce meningococcal vaccines to our country in the future.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.323-327
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• 2011

A Jindo dog (8-month-old, intact male) was referred for hind limb lameness on the right side. The dog was diagnosed with a simple femoral fracture by radiological examination. After surgical fixation of the femoral fracture, tramadol: a narcotic-like synthetic analgesic was intravenously administrated for post-operative analgesia. After injection of the tramadol, generalized tonic clonic seizure was immediately occurred in the dog. Seventeen hours later, the dog died despite intensive care. We suspected that tramadol might induce the seizurogenic effect resulted in death. A necropsy was performed to examine the cause of the death. In consequence, the dog was diagnosed as necrotizing meningoencephalitis (NME) based on histopathological examination. We would be concerned that tramadol may be related to seizure activity in the NME patient. From this case, it is known that although tramadol has been proven to be a safe and effective agent for the control of pain in veterinary medicine, it would be carefully used to patient with history of neurological diseases including meningoencephalitis, hydrocephalus, and encephalopathy.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.283-283
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• 2020

국가의 논의 타작물 재배 권장 정책과 농한기 수익을 위해서 동절기에도 농사가 가능한 시설농업이 발달했으며, 1990년 초부터 재배면적이 증가하여 2000년에는 10만 ha를 넘어섰고, 2018년에는 80만ha의 규모를 보이고 있다(농사로, 2019). 시설농업단지의 동절기 난방을 위한 에너지원으로 화석연료와 전기열원을 사용하고 있고, 특히 강변의 경우 지하수를 난방 열원으로 사용가능해 수막재배를 이용한 대규모 시설단지가 발달함에 따라 지하수의 이용량이 증가하고, 2015년 농업용 지하수 이용량은 연간 20억 톤에 이른다(GIMS, 2019). 난방이 필요한 동절기에 수막용수를 위한 지하수 이용량이 급증하여 계절적인 수위변화를 보이며, 특히 강변의 대규모 시설농업단지의 지하수의 부족현상이 빈번히 발생하는 실정이다(송성호, 2017). 본 연구지역은 낙동강 하구댐 설치 전만조 시 해수의 유입으로 암반지하수의 심도가 증가할수록 EC가 증가하는 특성을 보이는 곳으로, 지하수의 이용량이 급증하는 동절기에 특히 급격히 증가하여 지하수의 안정적인 수질관리를 위해 염분변화의 관리가 필요한 지역이다. 지하수의 계절적인 변화를 위해 시설농업단지내에 지하수 관측정이 설치되어 관측되고 있으며 본 연구에서는 관측정의 2013년 1월~2019년 1월까지 지하수의 EC변화를 관측하였다. 지하수의 수위(GL.m), 온도, EC를 1시간 주기로 관측하여 계적적인 변화를 분석하였고, EC의 증가가 큰 곳은 심도별로 센서(다중심도)를 설치하여 염도의 변화를 관측하였다. 지하수성분의 지질학적 기원분석을 위한 양음이온 분석을 연 1회 실시하였다. 또한 관측정의 심도별 변화를 알기 위해 동일지역에 충적, 암반 관측정을 따로 설치하고 관측하여 지표수와 지하수의 심도별 영향의 차이를 분석하였다. 동일지역의 관측결과 평균 5m이하의 수위변화를 보이나, 5m 이상의 수위변동을 보이는 관측망은 15년 14개소 17년 19개소로 증가추세를 보이며, 이는 주로 밀집된 시설하우스 단지의 수막재배를 위한 겨울철 지하수 사용량 증가가 원인인 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구지역은 강변지역에 밀집된 시설하우스단지의 동절기 수막재배를 위한 지하수 과다 사용으로 수위급감 및 수량부족현상이 반복되고 있어, 예방과 대책강구를 위해 지표수의 함양과 지하수사용량의 상관관계 분석과 자료축적 및 추가연구를 위한 장기관측이 요구된다.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.234-240
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• 2001

Buccal cellulitis which presents with high fever and a swelling of the cheek with violaceous hue in young children is most often caused by H. influenzae. Bacteremia is common in buccal cellulitis caused by H. influenzae, and a culture of cerebrospinal fluid should be obtained because meningitis may be present despite the lack of meningeal irritation signs. Although buccal cellulitis is considered to be one of the important manifestations of H. influenzae infection, only two cases have been reported in Korea yet. We experienced a case of buccal cellulitis with H. influenzae bacteremia in an immunocompetent girl of 18-month-old. She was presented with high fever followed by rapidly progressive swelling and tenderness of both cheeks with violaceous hue in four hours. The blood culture revealed H. influenzae type b. There was no concurrent otitis media, sinusitis, or meningitis and no portal of entry was identified. Fever subsided two days after starting intravenous cefotaxime. Intravenous cefotaxime was subsequently changed to oral cefixime, and antibiotics were administered for a total of two weeks. We report this case with a review of related literature.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.95-106
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• 1988

Specific or non-specific cytolytic processes of free-living amoebae causing meningoencephalitls have been emphasized and the cytolytic ability related to hydrolases in Entantoeba sp. and Naegleria sp. has also been reported since the latter half of 1970's. However, no information on hydrolase activities in Acanthamoeba sp. is available. Hydrolases in Acanthamoeba culbertsoni, a pathogenic species of free-living amoebae, were assayed and compared with those in a non-pathogenic species, A. royreba. Pathogenicity of these two species was confirmed through experimental infection to BALB/c mice. Hydrolase activities and cytotoxic effects between pathogenic and non.pathogenic species were compared in the trophozoites cultured in CGV media and in CHO cell line, respectively. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The mice infected with A. culbertseni were all dead 15 days after nasal inoculation, and the mean survival time was 8.5 days. Also the mice infected with this pathogenic species manifested typical meningoencephalitis, whereas the mice infected with A. royreba did not. 2. Hydrolases detected both in the cell extracts and culture media were acid phosphatase, ${\beta}-N-acetyl$ galactosaminidase, ${\beta}-N-acetyl$ glucosaminidase, ${\alpha}-mannosidase$, neutral proteinase and acid proteinase, all of which were detected with remarkably higher rate in A. culbertsoni than in A. royreba. 3. A. cuzbertsoni revealed strong cytotoxicity for the target CHO cells, whereas A. royreba did not show any specific cytotoxicity. About 80% of the target cells mixed with A. culbertsoni were dead 48 hours after cultivation, and more than 95% of the target cells were dead 72 hours after cultivation. 4. Hydrolase activities in A. culbertsoni cultured with the target cell line were assayed according to the culture time. The activities of acid phosphatase, ${\beta}-N-acetyl$ galactosaminidase, ${\beta}-N-acetyl$ glucosaminidase, ${\alpha}-mannosidase$ and acid proteinase in this pathogenic amoeba were detected higher in amoeba extracts than in culture media up to 120 hours after cultivation, but after 120 hours of cultivation those activities were detected higher in culture media than in the amoeba Iysates. Neutral proteinase activity in A. culbertsoni increased more in EBSS medium than in the Iysate specimens although the activity in the extracts was generally steady according to the cultivation time. Summarizing the above results, it is concluded that there were differences in hydrolase activities between Pathogenic A. culbertsoni and non-pathogenic A. royreba, and that some hydrolase activities were detected remarkably higher in A. culbertsoni which revealed strong cytotoxicity to the target CHO cell line.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.39
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• pp.59-93
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• 2006

Wolseong in Gyeongju is a historic fortress site of Silla constructed under the reign of Pasanisageum that played politically and militarily important roles. The moat surrounding Wolseong had a function of protecting the fortress in wartimes but became a part of gardening in the unified Silla era. Lots of relics have been excavated from Wolseong moat since 1985. Among them a great number and kinds of convex roofing tiles are regarded as invaluable sources to show different aspects of Silla, from its earlier time through to the unified and on. Roofing tiles were widely used for national buildings such as royal palaces, temples and fortresses and even for other popular architecture and have been dug out a lot more than any other relics. Research on them, however, has been done poorly. Vigorous study is in progress with increasing number of roofing tiles coming from many recent excavations, though it has been limited to the studies on general genealogy of patterns and manufacture processes. Thus this essay seeks to find which are dongbeomwas, roofing tiles of a same mold, out of convex tiles with the pattern of a unilobed lotus flower dug out of Wolseong moat. It also attempts to identify dongbeomwas by examining detail characteristics of roofing tiles which have been confusingly termed as yusawa, similar roofing tiles, or donghyeongwa, roofing tiles of the same shape. The significance of identifying dongbeomwas could be emphasized by various facts resulting from researches on dongbeomwas; the ways to identify them correctly, their time sequence and their excavated sites. In conclusion, dongbeomwas were identified out of many kinds of convex tiles. If they were excavated from the same site, they share some common features. The sites where they were dug out also tell what changes were made with passage of time and what relations they had with neighboring Anapji. Since roofing tile molds haven't been found yet, the only way to identify dongbeomwas is to examine details of roofing tiles. Dongbeomwas excavated in Wolseong moat help to discuss the time of each district of it. Meanwhile it should be noted that the term 'dongbeomwa' be used only after exact examining.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2014

Purpose: To observe changes of coatings and lens materials with varying temperature to understand effect of temperature on plastic lens. Methods: In this study, three lenses of different refractive indices (2 of thiourethane oriented lenses, an allyl diglycol carbonate oriented lens) were exposed to high temperature (50, 80, and 100 degree) for 5 hours and changes of individual coating (anti-refractive coating, hard coating, and water repellent coating) were measured. Results: As a result, high-refractive index lenses did not exhibit significant variation of hardness. However, hardness of mid-refractive index lens were decreased when exposed to high temperature and destructions of hard coating layer was inferred. Surface contact angles of lens were decreased with increasing temperature and water repellent coating layer were damaged at higher than 80 degree. Conclusions: Multi including water repellent coatings on all three lenses with different refractive indices were damaged when exposed to at or higher than 80 degree. The degree of changes in mechanical and physical properties were depended on polymer material type.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.4A
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• pp.767-774
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• 2006

This study has focused on the possibility for recycling of tailings from the sangdong tungsten mine as powder (TA) of self-compacting concrete (SCC). The experimental tests for entrapped water ratio were carried out in accordance with the specified method by Okamura. The rheological measurements of cement paste were conducted by using a commercially digital Brookfield viscometer (Model LVDV-II+) equipped with cylindrical spindles, also tests for slump-flow, time required to reach 500 mm of slump flow (sec), time required to flow through V-funnel (sec) and filling height of U-box test (mm) were carried out in accordance with the specified by the Japanese Society of Civil Engineering (JSCE). The results of this study, entrapped water ratio was decreased with increasing replacement of TA. Thickness of pseudo water film was increased, and mean plastic viscosity was decreased with increasing replacement of TA. And slump-flow of SCC was decreased with increasing replacement of TA. But time required to reach 500 mm of slump flow (sec), time required to flow through V-funnel (sec) and filling height of U-box test (mm) were satisfied a prescribed range. The mechanical properties including compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and elastic modulus were checked with the requirements specified by Korean Industrial Standard (KS). The compressive strength of SCC was decreased with increasing replacement of TA, splitting tensile strength and elastic modulus were similar to those of normal concrete.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.263-266
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• 2008

입력신호인 도로표면의 화상 데이터는 낮 시간대의 아스팔트 포장 도로면을 촬영하여 도로표면 상태의 화상을 만들었고, 편광 및 웨이블릿 변화(Wavelet transform)으로 도로 표면을 5가지의 상태(건조, 습윤, 수막, 적설, 동결)로 인식할 수 있는 분류기준절차를 연구하였다. 표면 화상 인식 과정은 편광계수에 의한 젖은 땅으로 분류한 후, 다음으로 젖은 땅을 제외한 나머지는 웨이블릿 패킷 변환을 통해 시간-주파수 분석을 하였다. 또한 영상 템플릿을 이용하여 마른 땅과 빙판의 표준적인 주파수 특성을 분석하여, 마른 땅과 빙판을 구분하였다. 도로표면영상에서 마른 부분과 젖은 부분을 구분한 결과를 정리하였다.