• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2022.01a
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• pp.301-302
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• 2022

최근 지상 통로에 차량 통행 공간과 보행자 통행 공간이 분리되어있지 않은 공원형 아파트가 증가하고 있다. 이로 인해 택배 차량의 아파트 단지 안으로 진입을 통제하는 아파트가 늘어나고 있다. 현재는 이러한 상황에서 택배기사들이 직접 손수레를 끌고 아파트 안으로 들어가거나, 수령인이 직접 아파트 입구에서 택배를 수령하는 방법으로 문제를 해결 해 왔다. 본 논문은 이러한 불편함을 개선하기 위해 아파트 입구에서 집 앞까지 인공지능 기술과 카메라, 라이다센서를 이용하여 자율주행으로 택배를 운반 해줄 수 있는 '자율주행 택배 운반 로봇' 기술을 제안한다. 기존의 사람이 직접 택배를 집 앞까지 운반하는 방식이 아닌 자율주행 로봇을 이용한 방식으로 택배기사들의 과로로 인한 사고를 예방하고, 아파트 입주민들의 불편도 줄어들 것이다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.84 no.3
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• pp.356-360
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• 1995

Korean white pine(Pinus koraiensis S.et Z.) is one of the important silvicultural species due to its quality timber in addition to edible pine - nut production. Selective breeding method is under progress to improve growth and nut production for this species. This study was carried out to obtain genetic information necessary for establishing advanced generation seed orchard, such as genetic parameters and efficiency of early selection. Open - pollinated cones were collected from 50 plus trees. In the spring of 1986, test plantations were established at 3 different sites with 4 - year - old seedlings. Seedling height was measured from age 5 to 10 in plantations. Genetic and phenotypic correlations based on the log of the ratio of two ages (LAK) were expressed as simple regression with statistical significance($r^2=0.7862$ and 0.8256, respectively). If 20 years is presumed to mature, the most efficient age for early selection is 3 years after planting with efficiency of 1.96.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.90-100
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• 2019

This study aims to determine the ideal feed speed of a resistograph to evaluate the number of tree rings in several tree species. The needle speed was fixed at 1,500 r/min. Herein, various tree species, such as Pseudotsuga menziesii, Pinus koraiensis, Abies holophylla, and Zelkova serrata, were considered for experiments. Results showed that the most proper feed speed for Zelkova serrata, Larix kaempferi, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Abies holophylla, and Pinus koraiensis was 75, 100, 100, 150, and 175 cm/min, respectively. However, in all the cases, the electric resistance values of tree ring narrower than 1 mm were not suitable for determining tree-ring boundaries. Upon comparing the inter-annual time series of ring widths and electric resistance values of resistograph, a meaningful synchronization was verified. If resistograph would be improved to the extent that it can measure tree rings narrower than 1 mm, it can replace the conventional method used for counting the number of tree rings in the increment cores. Additionally, it can also be used to investigate the tree growth.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• fall
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• pp.331-334
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• 2021

기존의 택배 배송시스템은 수령인 본인이 아니더라도 주소, 전화번호와 같은 개인정보를 쉽게 확인할 수 있다. 코로나 19로 인해 언택트(Untact) 주문 및 배달, 배송 서비스가 급격히 늘어나면서 택배 배송 관련 사업은 거대한 시장으로 성장하고 있으며 이와 함께 노출된 개인정보가 범죄에 악용될 수 있다는 우려도 증가하고 있다. 더불어 여러 택배 및 배송물이 도착했을 때, 수신자는 택배 상자를 뜯지 않고 배송물의 오도착 여부를 확인하기 어려우며 원하는 물품이 담긴 택배가 정확히 어떤 것인지 알기 힘들다.본 프로젝트에서는 다단계 인증이 가능한 QR code를 활용해 송수신자의 주소, 제품 종류, 명칭 등을 포함한 여러 정보를 배송기사, 수령인 등에 따라 선택적으로 접근한다. 같은 QR code를 스캔하더라도 수령인의 경우 모든 정보를 확인할 수 있고, 배달원은 일부의 정보를 확인할 수 있지만, 권한이 없는 사람은 어떠한 정보도 확인할 수 없다. 기존의 택배 배송시스템처럼 정보를 맨눈으로 인식할 수도 없으므로 개인정보 노출의 한계를 극복할 수 있다. 이때 송장 정보는 텍스트 형태뿐 아니라 주문한 내용물의 종류 및 모양 등을 그대로 구현한 AR(augmented reality) 형태로도 확인할 수 있어 포장된 상태 그대로 배송물의 오도착 여부를 확인하거나 다량의 택배를 보다 효율적으로 구분할 수 있다. 이처럼 같은 QR code로 서로 다른 정보를 제공하는 SQRC(Security/Secure QR code)의 원리를 이용해 정보를 안전하게 보호하는 것에 그치지 않고, 비디오나 이미지와 같은 멀티미디어 서비스를 추가로 제공해 실감 미디어의 적용 범위를 넓힐 수 있다.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.412-425
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• 2012

This study investigated the actual vegetation and plant community structure of Geumsun valley and Weonjeok valley of Naejangsan(Mt.) National Park to provide the data for park management. As a result of analysis of actual vegetation, Quercus variabilis community(47.3%) and Quercus serrata community(17.0%) are widely distributed but Carpinus tschonoskii community(7.5%) and Zelkova serrata community(6.9%) are distributed in valley forests. Plant communities were divided into 6 communities of Fraxinus mandshurica, Carpinus tschonoskii, Carpinus tschonoskii-Platycarya strobilacea-Zelkova serrata, Zelkova serrata, deciduous broad-leaved mixture(Zelkova serrata-Lindera erythrocarpa-Acer palmatum), and Lindera erythrocarpa-Cornus walteri according to the analysis of TWINSPAN of classification using 20 plots($400m^2$). Geumseon valley is composed of boulder stone area of average slope $20^{\circ}$, and there were distributed Fraxinus mandshurica community of 86 years old, Carpinus tschonoskii community in age from 56 to 79, and Carpinus tschonoskii-Platycarya strobilacea-Zelkova serrata community in age from 48 to 71. Weonjeok valley is composed of boulder stone area of average slope $11^{\circ}$, and there were distributed Zelkova serrata community in age from 52 to 71, deciduous broad-leaved mixture community in age from 49 to 70, and Lindera erythrocarpa-Cornus walteri community in age from 43 to 51. Ecological succession of each community was predicted to maintain same state. The Shannon's species diversity showed from 0.8220(Fraxinus mandshurica community) to 1.3850(Carpinus tschonoskii community) per unit area of $400m^2$.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.111 no.4
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• pp.548-556
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• 2022

In this study, basic data were obtained to determine the optimal cultivation method to achieve stable fruiting and yield increase in "Cheonhwang" jujube trees. Accordingly, thefructification, fruit characteristics, and yield according to tree age were analyzed. The mean (and range of) tree height, crown area, stem diameter near the root, clear stem length, number of main branches, and distance between main branches were 235.6 (217.4-253.8) cm, 3.5 (3.1-4.1) m², 5.5 (4.0-7.1) cm, 70.6 (66.2-72.7) cm, 9.7 (8.6-10.5), and 10.4 (7.9-14.2) cm, respectively. Correlationanalysis results indicated that tree age was positively correlated with crown area, stem diameter near the root, and clear stem length but not with the number of main branches. The mean number (and range) of fruit per fruit-bearing mother shoot and tree were 18.3 (16.7-18.3) and 170.7 (157.9-178.3), respectively. Tree age was not significantlycorrelated with fruiting characteristics (i.e., the numbers of fruit-bearing mother shoots per main branch, fruit-bearing shoots per fruit-bearing mother shoot, fruit per fruit-bearing shoot, and fruit per tree). Given that the shape of jujube trees is constantly managed according to the growing area and greenhouse type, the tree growth characteristics were more affected by tree management techniques than by tree age. The mean (and range of) fruit weight, fruit hardness, and soluble solid content were 28.6 (27.7-30.3) g, 29.4 (28.5-30.4) N, and 20.4 (19.3-21.0) °brix, respectively, and these fruit characteristics were not significantly correlated with tree age.The average yield per tree of the 'Cheonhwang' jujube cultivar was 4.9 (4.8-5.0) kg, which was not significantly correlated with tree age.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.87 no.2
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• pp.173-178
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• 1998

Twelve Camellia sinensis populations were studied to investigate the biomass distribution related to stand structure. With increasing mean age of the population, mean root collar diameter increased, while mean height, density and root collar area had no correlation with the age. The result of dimension analysis after cutting the sample trees showed that dry weights of stems +branches and root were exponentially increased and dry weights of current leaves and twigs were linearly increased with increasing root collar diameter. However, the dry weight of older leaves was not related to the root collar diameter. The range of total biomass was 1,162~11,474kg/ha and the range of current leaf biomass was 165~1,341kg/ha. The range of T/R ratio was 1.5~2.8. The biomass of stems+branches and root were significantly correlated with the root collar area of the population and were not significantly correlated with the mean age, mean root collar diameter and density of the population. The biomass of current leaves and twigs were significantly correlated with the root collar area and density of the population.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.95 no.1
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• pp.139-144
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• 2006

Chestnut trees have been severely damaged by the various cankers in Korea. Field surveys for elucidating the relationships between disease occurrence and environmental factors, i.e., tree age, temperature, rainfall precipitation, direction, degree of slope, chemical properties of soils, and so on, were carried out in the chestnut tree plantations located at Gyeongnam, Jeonnam, Chungnam, and Gyeonggi-Do Province. Totally, one thousand and one hundred thirty seven trees from 36 experiment plots were investigated. Trees infected by at least one of the canker fungi were estimated up to 66%. The most severely infested area was Sunchon in Jeonnam Province with the rate of 80%, while the most lightly infested area was Kongju in Chungnam Province with 39%. Disease occurrence was found to be highly correlated with tree age. The disease occurred most frequently on trees ranged from 7 to 12 years old, while it was relatively low on trees below 5 years old or above 25 years old. Canker positions on the tree formed by the pathogenic fungi were most often at 1.6-2.0m above the ground. Over five hundreds bark samples from the canker area on the tree were collected and the pathogenic fungi were isolated. The most commonly isolated fungus was identified as Cryphonectria parasitica, the chestnut blight fungus.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 2009

Some wood anatomical characteristics of seven chestnut cultivars (Tanzawa, Ibuki, Arima, Ginyose, Tsukuba, Riheiguri, and Mansung) grown in Korea were examined in this study. We investigated the radial variation of wood components such as diameter and number of earlywood vessel element and ray density in cross section and number and height of ray in tangential section. Discs were taken from the stem of seven chestnut cultivars at breath height and cut into the radial strip. Cross, radial, and tangential sections, 10 to $20{\mu}m$ thick, were sliced with a sliding microtome. These sections were stained, dehydrated, and mounted with Canada balsam according to common procedure. Measurement and observation were performed with a light microscopy. In all chestnut cultivars, radial and tangential diameter of vessel element increased but number of vessel element per $mm^2$ decreased with increasing tree age. Ray spacing (per mm) in cross section from pith to bark showed no significant variation, while number of ray per $mm^2$ increased but ray height decreased with the increase of tree age. Conclusively, the results obtained in present study were thought to be some valuable information for separating juvenile and adult wood as well as identifying chestnut cultivars.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.100 no.4
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• pp.616-622
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of region and age on nut quality of major chestnut cultivars (Castanea spp.) cultivated in the central region of Korea to provide basic data for nut quality control and processing of postharvest. In the survey of by regions and ages, Buyeo and 'Hyogo57' showed the highest value by regions and cultivars, respectively. Also, there were statistically significant differences among regions and cultivars in the value of soluble solid content and kernel hardness. In the soluble solid content, Gongju showed the highest value among regions, and 'Tsukuba' among cultivars was the highest, 20.5%. Cheongyang showed the highest value of kernel hardness among regions, and 'Tanzawa' among cultivars showed the lowest value of kernel hardness, $8.75kg/cm^2$. In 'Tanzawa', 'Okkwang' and 'Tsukuba', soluble solid content and kernel hardness showed statistically significant differences according to age, but no correlation with age.