• Transactions of the Society of Information Storage Systems
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.108-114
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• 2005

The generation of fine relics of suspensions is a significant interest as it holds the key to the fabrication of electronic devices. These processes offer opportunities for miniaturization of multilayer circuits, for production of functionally graded materials, ordered composites and far small complex-shaped components. Some novel printing methods of depositing ceramic and metal droplets were suggested in recent years. In an electro-hydrodynamic printing, the metallic capillary nozzle can be raised to several kilovolts with respect to the infinite ground plate or pin-type electrode positioned a few millimeters from the nozzle tip. Depending on the electrical and physical properties of the liquid, for a given geometry, it Is possible to generate droplets in any one of three modes, dripping, cone-jet and multi-jet. In this experiment, an alumina suspension flowing through a nozzle was subjected to electro-hydrodynamic printing using pin-type electrodes in the cone-jet mode at different applied voltages. The pin-type electrodes of 1, 100, 1000${\mu}m$ in diameter were used to form fine ceramic patterns onto the substrates. Various feature sizes with applied voltages and electrode diameters were measured. The feature sizes increased with the electrode diameter and applied voltages. The feature size was as fine as $30 {\mu}m$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.320-324
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• 2017

Effect of elliptical orifice on the spray characteristics of liquid jet ejecting into subsonic crossflows were experimentally studied. Circular/elliptical plain-orifice injectors, which had different ratios of the orifice length to diameter and major axis to minor axis, were used for transverse injection. Compared with the previous research, breakup lengths of elliptical nozzles are shorter than circular nozzles at all experimental condition. Cavitation/hydraulic flip are considered as a reduction in the breakup length at all circular/elliptical nozzle. In the case of liquid column trajectories, major axis which was placed to the crossflows, increases the frontal area of the liquid column exposed to the crossflows. Hence, the aerodynamic force exerted on the jet is increased and the penetration depth is reduced.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.184-190
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• 2022

In an attempt to apply hybrid rocket to the RATO (Rocket-Assisted Take Off) system, combustion characteristics of the non-circular grain were figured out in this study. Having larger combustion area, it was reconfirmed that the non-circular grain has advantages over regression rate, characteristic velocity and chamber pressure in which all gave higher values. Experiments were performed to understand the effect of the non-circular grain geometry over time where local regression rates depending on grain location were analyzed. It was found that the regression rate of five distinct locations were different. Partial conclusion driven was that these differences are due to the heat transfer caused by dissimilar distances from the flame layer. Besides, as combustion duration increased, the fuel port became circular, and the regression rate converged to a single value over the whole grain.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.67-76
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• 2006

For a hydro power plant project, the headrace tunnel having a finished diameter of 3.3 m was constructed in volcanic rocks with well-developed vertical joint and high groundwater table. The intake facility was located 20.3km upstream of the powerhouse and headrace tunnel of 20km in length and penstock of 440m in height connected the intake and the powerhouse. The typical caldera lake, Lake Toba set the geology at the site the caving of the ground caused tension cracks in the vertical direction to be developed and initial stresses at the ground to be released. High groundwater table(the maximum head of 20bar) in the area of well-connected vertical joints delayed the progress of tunnel excavation severely due to the excessive inflow of groundwater. The excavation of tunnel was made using open-shield type TBM and mucking cars on the rail. High volume of water inflowraised the water level inside tunnel to 70cm, 17% of tunnel diameter (3.9m) and hindered the mucking of spoil under water. To improve the productivity, several adjustments such as modification of TBM and mucking cars and increase in the number of submersible pumps were made forthe excavation of severe water inflow zone. Since the ground condition encountered during excavation turned out to be much worse, it was decided to adopt PC segment lining instead of RC lining. Besides, depending on the conditions of the water inflow, rock mass condition and internal water pressure, one of the invert PC segment lining with in-situ RC lining, RC lining and steel lining was applied to meet the site specific condition. With the adoption of PC segment lining, modification of TBM and other improvement, the excavation of the tunnel under severe groundwater condition was successfully completed.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.750-756
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• 2011

An experimental study was carried out to measure the heat transfer coefficient in flow boiling to deionized water in a microchannel having a hydraulic diameter of $500{\mu}m$. Tests were performed in the ranges of heat fluxes from 100 to 400 kW/$m^2$, vapor qualities from 0 to 0.2 and mass fluxes of 200, 400 and 600 kg/$m^2s$. From the experimental results, it is found that the measured heat transfer coefficients is independent of mass flux and quality, and is somewhat dependent of heat flux. Measured data of heat transfer are compared to a few available correlations proposed for macroscale. The previous correlations for macroscale overpredicted the flow boiling heat transfer coefficient for the test conditions considered in this work.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.716-723
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• 2016

Enhanced tubes are used widely in the heat exchangers of absorption chillers. In regenerators, corrugated, ribbed or floral tubes are commonly used. In this study, the tube-side heat transfer coefficients and friction factors of enhanced tubes were obtained experimentally using the Wilson Plot method. The results showed that the heat transfer coefficients and the friction factors were the largest for the corrugated tube, followed by the ribbed tube. The heat transfer coefficients and friction factors of the floral tube matched those of the smooth tube within 4%, which suggests that the heat transfer and friction characteristics of the floral tube may be accounted for properly by the hydraulic diameter. The B(e+) and g(e+) were obtained from the experimental data of the corrugated and ribbed tube. The B(e+) and g(e+) of the corrugated tube matched those of the existing correlation within 20%. The present results may be used for an assessment of the heat transfer and friction characteristics of the enhanced tubes for regenerators.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.19-27
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• 2016

The flow analyses through a porous hydraulic fractures is among the most important tasks in recently developed shale reservoirs but is rendered difficult by non-Darcy effects and geometric changes in the hydraulic fractures during production. In this study, several Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) models of hydraulic fractures, with a simple shape such as that of parallel plates, filled with proppants were built. Direct Numerical Simulation(DNS) analyses were then carried out to examine the flow loss characteristics of the fractures. The hydraulic diameters for the simulation models were calculated using the DNS results, and then they were compared with the results from Kozeny's definition of hydraulic diameter which is most widely used in the flow analysis field. Also, the characteristic parameters based on both hydraulic diameters were estimated for the investigation of the flow loss variation features. Consequently, it was checked in this study that the hydraulic diameter based on Kozeny's definition is not accordant to the results from the DNS analyses, and the case using the CFD results exhibits f Re robustness like general pipe flows, whereas the other case using Kozeny's definition doesn't. Ultimately, it is expected that discoveries reported in this study would help further porous flow analyses such as hydraulic fracture flows.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.616-624
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• 2011

The flow characteristics and heat transfer augment on the periodically arranged semi-circular ribs in a rectangular channel for turbulent flow has been investigated numerically. The aspect ratio of the rectangular channel was AR=5, the rib height to hydraulic diameter ratio were 0.07 and rib height to channel height ratio was set as e/H=0.117 for various PR(rib pitch-to-rib height rate) between 8~14, respectively. The SST k-${\omega}$ turbulence model and v2-f turbulence model were used to find out the heat transfer and the flow characteristics of near the wall which are suited to obtain realistic phenomena. The numerical analysis results show turbulent flow characteristics, heat transfer enhancement and friction factor as observed experimentally. The results predict that turbulent kinetic energy(k) is closely relative to the diffusion of recirculation flow. and v2-f turbulence model simulation results have a good agreement with experimental values.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.139-146
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• 2014

Sodium borohydride ($NaBH_4$) is considered as a secure metal hydride for hydrogen storage and supply. In this study, the interfacial friction of two-phase flow in the dehydrogenation of aqueous $NaBH_4$ solution in a microchannel with a hydraulic diameter of $461{\mu}m$ is investigated for designing a dehydrogenation chemical reactor flow passage. Because hydrogen gas is generated by the hydrolysis of $NaBH_4$ in the presence of a ruthenium catalyst, two different flow phases (aqueous $NaBH_4$ solution and hydrogen gas) exist in the channel. For experimental studies, a microchannel was fabricated on a silicon wafer substrate, and 100-nm ruthenium catalyst was deposited on three sides of the channel surface. A bubbly flow pattern was observed. The experimental results indicate that the two-phase multiplier increases linearly with the void fraction, which depends on the initial concentration, reaction rate, and flow residence time.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.451-451
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• 2013

현재 세계적으로 에너지 공급원의 다변화가 시급한 실정이며 그 후보로 태양에너지, 풍력 및 수력에너지와 같은 신재생 에너지에 대한 연구분야가 부각되고 있다. 전체 에너지 중 신재생 에너지의 비중은 빠르게 증가되고 있으며, 그 중에서도 태양광에너지의 분야가 가장 활발히 연구되고 있다. 특히, III-V족 화합물 반도체 태양전지는 직접 천이형 밴드갭을 가지고 있어 기존 실리콘 태양전지에 비해 광 흡수율이 높은 장점을 가지고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE)장치를 이용하여 성장온도에 따른 p-n접합 GaAs 태양전지 구조를 제작하여, 광전변환 효율과 결함구조 관련성을 조사하였다. 먼저 Si이 $1{\times}10^{18}cm^{-3}$으로 도핑된 n형 GaAs기판위에 성장온도 $480^{\circ}C$와 $590^{\circ}C$에서 Be을 $5{\times}10^{18}cm^{-3}$ 도핑한 p 형 GaAs를 200 nm 두께로 각각 성장하여, 2개의 p-n 접합 GaAs 태양전지 구조를 제작하였다. 시료의 전기적 특성과 결함상태는 Capacitance-Voltage (C-V) 와 Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy (DLTS)를 사용하여 조사하였다. DLTS 측정을 위해 p-형의 GaAs박막 위에 Au(300 nm)/Pt(30 nm)/Ti(30 nm)를 e-beam evaporator로 증착한 후, 직경 $300{\mu}m$의 메사 에칭으로 p-n접합 다이오드 구조를 제작하였다. 본 연구를 통해 GaAs p-n접합구조 성장온도에 따른 광전변환 효율과 결함상태와의 물리적인 연관성을 논의할 것이다.