• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
• /
• 1999.10e
• /
• pp.257-264
• /
• 1999

자연언어 처리에 있어 문장의 성분 구조를 파악하는 통사적 해석에서는 애매성 있는 결과가 많이 생성된다. 한국어의 경우 어순 등의 통사적 특성뿐 아니라 상황과 의미, 문맥이 문장의 분석에 더 중요한 역할을 하기 때문에 문맥 자유 문법에 의한 접근 방법만으로는 중의적 구조의 해결이 어렵다. 이는 또한 의미 분석시 애매성을 증가시키는 원인이 된다. 이러한 통사적, 의미적 중의성 해결을 위해 용언 중심의 하위범주화 사전을 구축하였다. 본 논문에서는 용언에 따라 제한될 수 있는 하위범주 패턴을 정의하고 패턴에 따라 하위범주 사전을 구축하였다. 하위범주화 사전에는 명사의 시소러스와 정합하여 보어를 선택 제한(Selectional Restriction)할 수 있도록 용언과 명사와의 의미적 연어 관계에 따라 의미마커를 부여했다. 말뭉치를 통해 수집된 용언 12,000여개를 대상으로 25,000여개의 하위범주 패턴을 구축하였고 이렇게 구축한 하위범주화 사전이 120,000여 명사에 대한 의미를 갖고 있는 계층 시소러스 의미 사전과 연동하도록 하였다. 또한 논문에서 구현된 하위범주화 사전이 구문과 어휘의 중의성을 어느 정도 해소하는지 확인하기 위해 반자동적으로 의미 태깅(Sense Tagging)된 2만여 문장의 말뭉치를 통해 검증 작업을 수행하고, 의존관계와 어휘의 의미를 포함하고 있는 말뭉치에 하위범주 패턴이 어느정도 정합되는지를 분석하여, 하위범주 패턴과 말뭉치의 의존관계만 일치하는 경우와 어휘의 의미까지 일치하는 경우에 대해 평가한다. 이 과정에서 하위범주 패턴에 대한 빈도 정보나, 연어 정보를 수집하여 데이터베이스에 포함시키고, 각 의미역과 용언의 통계적 공기 정보 등을 추출하는 방법도 제시하고자 한다.을 입증하였다.적응에 문제점을 가지기도 하였다. 본 연구에서는 그 동안 계속되어 온 한글과 한잔의 사용에 관한 논쟁을 언어심리학적인 연구 방법을 통해 조사하였다. 즉, 글을 읽는 속도, 글의 의미를 얼마나 정확하게 이해했는지, 어느 것이 더 기억에 오래 남는지를 측정하여 어느 쪽의 입장이 옮은 지를 판단하는 것이다. 실험 결과는 문장을 읽는 시간에서는 한글 전용문인 경우에 월등히 빨랐다. 그러나. 내용에 대한 기억 검사에서는 국한 혼용 조건에서 더 우수하였다. 반면에, 이해력 검사에서는 천장 효과(Ceiling effect)로 두 조건간에 차이가 없었다. 따라서, 본 실험 결과에 따르면, 글의 읽기 속도가 중요한 문서에서는 한글 전용이 좋은 반면에 글의 내용 기억이 강조되는 경우에는 한자를 혼용하는 것이 더 효율적이다.이 높은 활성을 보였다. 7. 이상을 종합하여 볼 때 고구마 끝순에는 페놀화합물이 다량 함유되어 있어 높은 항산화 활성을 가지며, 아질산염소거능 및 ACE저해활성과 같은 생리적 효과도 높아 기능성 채소로 이용하기에 충분한 가치가 있다고 판단된다.등의 관련 질환의 예방, 치료용 의약품 개발과 기능성 식품에 효과적으로 이용될 수 있음을 시사한다.tall fescue 23%, Kentucky bluegrass 6%, perennial ryegrass 8%) 및 white clover 23%를 유지하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합할 때, 초종과 파종비율에 따른 혼파초지의 건물수량과 사료가치의 차이를 확인할 수 있었으며, 레드 클로버 + 혼파 초지가 건물수량과 사료가치를 높이는데 효과적이었다.\ell}$ 이었으며 , yeast extract 첨가(添加)하여 배양시(培養時)는 yeast extract

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.37-44
• /
• 1988

A serial study on differential response in absorption and translocation of $^{14}C$-oxyfluorfen was conducted by use of a group of selected rice cultivars as the tolerant or the susceptible to oxyfluorfen. Trial 1. Differential response in absorption and translocation of selected cultivar group. The susceptible cultivar group has reached as higher rate as 209%, 193%, 344%, 204% and 152% of the tolerant cultivar group in root absorption rate per unit dry weight, lower-shoot absorption rate, higher shoot absorption rate, whole amount of absorption, and the rate of translocation from bottom to shoot, respectively. Trial 2. Differential Response in Absorbtion and translocation of selected cultivar as affected by exposed portion and time. ${\bullet}$ Regardless of cultivar, the rate of root absorption has effectively realized but the translocation was significantly limited. ${\bullet}$ Lower portion of shoot has also achieved a higher amount of absorption but the translocation was very limited. ${\bullet}$ By relaying the exposure time. the amount of root absorption was ted increasing, and persistent absorption was rather effective in the susceptible (cv. Mushakdanti) cultivar than the tolerant (cv. Chokoto). ${\bullet}$ Translocation of oxyfluorfen from shoot to root was tended to easily attaining in both cultivars.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
• /
• v.46 no.4
• /
• pp.101-111
• /
• 2012

Soybean cyst nematode(SCN) (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) causes the greatest yield loss to soybean compared to any other pest worldwide. Yield loss due to SCN is estimated 7.6 million megagrams in the USA and nearly 9 million worldwide. SCN causes yield reductions by feeding on plant nutrients, retarding root growth, and inhibiting Bradyrhizpbium japonicum(Kirchner) Buchanan nodulation. The primary methods for controlling SCN include planting resistant cultivars and rotation with nonhost crops. Genetically diverse field populations of SCN combined with the limited germplasm base of commercial soybean for resistance could potentially leads to population shifts over time, and this makes controlling H. glycines more difficult. This paper reviewed the importance of soybean, soybean cyst nematode, researches on resistance to SCN, and prospects. Tremendous effort must still be endeavored for elucidating resistance mechanisms and managing H. glycines in the soybean field.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.33-46
• /
• 2022

This paper, in order to minimize the ground waiting time of an Air tanker, the queuing theory, that is, a queue that calculates the waiting time under single-server and multi-server situations, was used in the study. Since the national budget and resources are limited, the unlimited increase of the logistics support service team is limited. Therefore, the number of logistic support service teams that can adaptively control the ground waiting time according to the wartime preparation stage or war environment was calculated. The results of this study provide a stipulated standard for calculating the optimal number of air tanker logistic support service teams of the Air Force, providing a basis for the logistical commander to assign logistic support service teams to each stage from peacetime to wartime.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2020.06a
• /
• pp.352-352
• /
• 2020

통합물관리 (IWRM; Integrated Water Resources Management)란 생태계의 지속가능성(sustainability)을 해치지 않으면서, 공평한 방법(equity)으로 경제·사회·복지를 극대화(efficiency) 할 수 있도록 물과 토지 및 관련 기타 자원들을 조화롭게 개발하고 처리하는 과정을 말한다. IWRM 패러다임은 전 세계적 및 국가별 물관리 상황에 따른 시대적 이슈에 따라 변천하고 있고 1992년 리우 정상회담 이후 물위기 극복을 위한 새로운 패러다임으로 정착, 물재해 심화에 따라 2000년대 물안보라는 국가 차원의 과제로 발전하였다. 이에 이미 전세계 국가의 68%이상이 도입중이며 모든 국가로 확산 중에 있다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 향후 통합수자원관리 측면에서의 우즈베키스탄 내 업무와 환경을 분석하여 표준화된 수자원정보화 방향을 제시하고 통합물관리를 위한 통합물관리시스템을 개발하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 우즈베키스탄은 기본적으로 물관리 여건이 매우 불리한 물스트레스 국가로 분류되고 있다. 국가 내에서 필요로하는 대부분의 수자원이 양적으로 매우 부족하고, 강수량의 지역, 시기별 변동폭 역시 매우 크게 나타나고 있다. 또한 이용가능한 수자원을 작물재배가 가능한 시기에 농업용수로 80%이상을 취수하고 있어 심각한 물부족에 시달리고 있는 실정이다. 지정학적으로는 연강수량이 평균 400mm정도로 나타나고 있어 국내에서 생산되는 물 이외에는 국내를 통과하는 시르다리야, 아무다리야 강의 상류에 위치한 키르기즈스탄, 타지키스탄에서 생성된 물을 하천에서 취수하여 사용하고 있는 실정으로 제한된 수자원을 효율적, 합리적으로 이용하는 데 있어 관리기술의 개선이 필요하다. 수자원의 대부분은 수자원부에서 산하 관리조직을 통해 중앙에서 통제하에 관리하고 있으나 국가간, 지역별 용수배분, 갈등이 심하되고 있는 상태에 있으며 이러한 점을 해결하기 위한 상류-하류간 연계, 수량-수질간 연계, 지표수-지하수 연계 등을 위한 법적, 제도적 기반이 미흡한 상태이다. 이러한 우즈베키스탄 내 IWRM 도입의 필요성을 기반으로 통합물관리를 위한 시스템 구성요소를 도출하고 구축을 위해 고려해야 할 사항 및 발전방향을 본 연구를 통하여 제시하고자 한다.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.60-73
• /
• 1989

Two field experiments were carried out to assess the applicability of a central composite design (CCD) in determining optimum culture condition of an early rice cultivar, Unbongbyeo in southern Korea. A central composite design with two replicates was applied to five levels of five factors such as the number of hills per 3.3m2, the number of seedlings per hill, the levels of nitrogen, the transplanting date and the seedling age (Experiment 1). The levels of planting density were ranged from 30 hills to 150 hills per 3.3m2 ; the number of seedlings per hill from 1 seedling to 9 seedlings per hill; the levels of nitrogen application from 1 kg/l0a to 21 kg/l0a; the transplanting date from June 15 to July 5; the seedling age from 25 days to 45 days. A fractional factorial design was applied to three levels of five factors tested in CCD (Experiment 2). Yield per hill and per unit area were examined and the results obtained from both experiments were compared. The benefits from the central composite design were discussed. Maximum yield of brown rice per unit area was obtained at the combination of the central levels of one of five factors when the other four factors were fixed at central point. Furthermore, brown rice yield per unit area affected by interaction of two factors was maximized at the central point when the remain three factors being fixed at the central level. The responses of five factors to brown rice yield per hill and unit area were found to be a saddle point in both designs. Actual values of the stationary points were 107 hills per 3.3 m2, 4 seedlings per hill, 10 kg nitrogen per l0a, transplanting date of rice on June 26 and 33 days of seedling age in the central composite design. Brown rice yield per unit area at the stationary points were estimated 439 kg/l0a in the central composite design and 442 kg/l0a in the fractional factorial design. Considering the number of experimental treatment combinations, the central composite design was rather convenient in reducing the number of treatment combinations for similar information. It was more convenient for an experimenter to present the results from the central composite design than those from the fractional factorial design. Considering the optimum yields of brown rice per unit area at the stationary points being verified as saddle points in both designs. inter-heterogeneity of each of the factors should be avoided in setting up factors in pursuit of inducing unidirectional response of the factors to yield. Even though both the lower and higher levels in the central composite design being beyond the region of an experimenter's interest. they were considered highly valued in interpretation of the results. Conclusively. the central composite design was found to be more beneficial to optimize culture condition of paddy rice even with several levels of various factors were involved.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.69-89
• /
• 1981

Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) is a perennial herb widely distributed in the mountainous area of Paraguay. It belongs to the family Compositae and contains 6 to 12 percent stevioside in the leaves. Stevioside is a glucoside having similar sweetening character to surgar and the degree of sweetness is approximately 300 times of sugar. Since Korea does not produce any sugar crops, and the synthetic sweetenings are potentially hazardous for health, it is rather urgent to develop an economical new sweetener. Consequently, the current experiments are conducted to establish cultural practices of stevia, a new sweetening herbs, introduced into Korea in 1973 and the results are summarized as followings: 1. Days from transplanting of cuttings to the flower bud formation of 6 stevia lines were similar among daylengths of 8, 10 and 12 hours, but it was much greater at daylengths of 14 or 24 hour and varietal differences were noticable. All lines were photosensitive, but a line, 77013, was the most sensitive and 77067 and Suweon 2 were less sensitive to daylength. 2. Critical daylength of all lines seemed to be approximately 12 hours. Growth of plants was severely retarded at daylengths less than 12 hours. 3. Cutting were responded to short daylength before rooting. Number of days from transplanting to flower bud formation of 40-day old cuttings in the nursery bed was 20 days and it was delayed as duration of nursery were shorter. 4. Number of days from emergence to flower bud formation was shortest at short day treatment from 20 days after emergence. It was became longer as initiation of short day treatment was earlier or later than 20 days. 5. Plant height, number of branches, and top dry weight of stevia were reduced as cutting date was delayed from March 20 to May 20. The highest yield of dry leaf was obtained at nursery duration of 40-50 days in march 20 cutting, 30-40 days in April 20 cutting, and 30 days in May 20 cutting. 6. An asymptotic relationship was observed between plant population and leaf dry weight. Yield of dry leaf increased rapidly as plant population increased from 5,000 to 10,000 plants/10a with a reduced increasing rate from 10,000 to 20,000 plants/l0a, and levelled off at the plant population higher than 20,000 plants/l0a. 7. Stevia was adaptable in Suweon, Chengju, Mokpo and Jeju and drought was one of the main factors reducing yield of dry leaf. Yield of dry leaf was reduced significantly (approximately 30%) at June 20 transplanting compared to optimum transplanting. 8. Yield of dry leaf was higher in a vinyl house compared to unprotected control at long daylength or natural daylength except at short day treatment at March 20. Higher temperature ill a vinyl house does not have benefital effects at April 20 transplanting. 9. The highest content of stevioside was noted at the upper leaves of the plant but the lowest was measured at the plant parts of 20cm above ground. Leaf dry weight and stevioside yield was mainly contributed by the plant parts of 60 to 120cm above ground but the varietal differences were also significant. 10. Delayed harvest by the time of flower bud formation increased leaf dry weight remarkably. However, there were insignificant changes of yield as harvests were made at any time after flower bud formation. Content of stevioside was highest at the time of flower bud formation and earlier or later harvest than this time was low in its content. The optimum harvesting time determined by leaf dry weight and stevioside content was the periods from flower bud formation to right before flowering that would be the period from September 10 to September 15 in Suweon area. 11. Stevioside and rebaudioside content in the leaves of Stevia varieties were ranged from 5.4% to 14.3% and 1.5% to 8.3% respectively. However, no definit relationships between stevioside and rebaudioside were observed in these particular experiments.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2005.05b
• /
• pp.497-501
• /
• 2005

근래 들어 도시화로 인한 물순환 파괴를 근본적으로 연구하고 이를 정상화하기 위한 체계적이고 통합적인 유역관리 기술이 요구되고 있다. 유역통합관리의 이론을 실제로 적용한 계획을 세우기 위해서는 Heathcote(1998)가 제안한 다음과 같은 단계별 절차를 수행하는 것이 바람직하다. 단계별 절차는 (1) 대상유역에 대한 정보수집, (2) 문제점 도출, (3) 분명한 목적 수립, (4) 대안의 구성, (5) 대안의 검토, (6) 대안의 효과분석, (7) 최종계획 수립으로 이루어져 있으며 본 연구에서는 3단계의 과정에 해당된다. Heathcote(1998)는 대안의 선정과 평가를 위한 방법으로 단순평가방법(simple assessment method)과 세부평가방법(detailed assessment method)으로 구분하였는데 본 연구에서 수행한 내용은 단순평가방법에 해당된다. 본 연구는 안양천 유역에서 물순환 건전화의 핵심을 건천화 방지로 판단하고 이를 위한 대안을 크게 지표수, 지하수, 대체수자원 분야로 구분하여 제시하였다. 지표수 분야의 경우 구조적인 대안으로 소규모 저수지의 개발, 타유역에서의 도수, 보를 이용한 수량 확보, 우오수분리벽을 이용한 상류유출수의 확보, 저협수로 형성, 하천바닥에 차집관로 매설 방지 및 차집관로 유지관리 등이 있으며 비구조적인 대안으로는 기존 저수지의 유지용수 공급을 위한 운영, 유수지의 다목적 활용, 하천수 직접취수 제한 등이 있다. 지하수 분야의 대안으로는 지하철 용출수의 재이용, 지하수의 과다이용 제한, 침투증진시설의 설치 등이 있으며 대체수자원 분야의 대안으로는 하수처리수를 고도처리하여 유지용수로 재이용하는 것, 중소규모 하수처리장의 상류 설치, 대규모 사업장의 폐수를 고도처리하여 활용하는 것, 상수도의 이용 등이 있다. 이러한 여러 가지 대안들은 Walesh(1989)가 제안한 절차에 따라 기술가능성(technical feasibility), 경제성(economical efficiency), 환경성(environmental feasibility) 등을 정성적으로(qualitatively) 파악하여 실현가능한 대안을 선정하였다. 이렇게 선정된 대안들은 중유역별로 검토하여 효과가 있을 것으로 판단되는 대안들을 제시하는 예비타당성(Prefeasibility) 계획을 수립하였다. 이렇게 제시된 계획은 향후 과학적인 분석(세부평가방법)을 통해 대안을 평가하고 구체적인 타당성(feasibility) 계획을 수립하는데 토대가 될 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
• /
• v.48 no.8
• /
• pp.621-629
• /
• 2020

LRU layout is a complex problem that requires consideration of various criteria such as airworthiness, performance, maintainability and environmental requirements. As aircraft functions become more complex, the necessary equipment is increasing, and unmanned aerial vehicles are equipped with more equipment as a substitute for pilots. Due to the complexity of the problem, the increase in the number of equipment, and the limited development period, the placement of equipment is largely dependent on the engineer's insight and experience. For optimization, quantitative criteria are required for evaluation, but criteria such as safety, performance, and maintainability are difficult to quantitatively compare or have limitations. In this study, we consider the installation and maintenance of the equipment, simplify the deployment model to the traveling salesman problem, Optimization was performed using a genetic algorithm to minimize the weight of the connecting cable between the equipment. When the optimization results were compared with the global calculations, the same results were obtained with less time required, and the improvement was compared with the heuristic.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.43 no.2
• /
• pp.201-210
• /
• 2010

In this study, new methodology to estimate the reliability of a water distribution system using HSPDA model is suggested. In general, the reliability of a water distribution system can be determined by estimating either the ratio of the required demand to the available demand or the ratio of the number of nodes with sufficient pressure head to the number of nodes with insufficient pressure head when the abnormal operating condition occurs. To perform this approach, hydraulic analysis under the abnormal operating condition is essential. However, if the Demand-Driven Analysis (DDA) which is dependant on the assumption that the required demand at a demand node is always satisfied regardless of actual nodal pressure head is used to estimate the reliability of a water distribution system, the reliability may be underestimated due to the defect of the DDA. Therefore, it is necessary to apply the Pressure-Driven Analysis (PDA) having a different assumption to the DDA's which is that available nodal demand is proportion to nodal pressure head. However, because previous study used a semi-PDA model and the PDA model which had limited applicability depending on the characteristics of a network, proper estimation of the reliability of a water distribution system was impossible. Thus, in this study, a new methodology is suggested by using HSPDA model which can overcome weak points of existing PDA model and Available Demand Fraction (ADF) index to estimate the reliability. The HSPDA can simulate the hydraulic condition of a water distribution system under abnormal operating condition and based on the hydraulic condition simulated, ADF index at each node is calculated to quantify the reliability of a water distribution system. The suggested model is applied to sample networks and the results are compared with those of existing method to demonstrate its applicability.