• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2014

Crown fire, the main propagation type of large forest fire, has caused extreme damage with the fast spread rate and the high flame intensity. In this paper, we developed the probability equation to predict the crown fires using the spatial features of topography, fuel and weather in damaged area by crown fire. Eighteen variables were collected and then classified by burn severity utilizing geographic information system and remote sensing. Crown fire ratio and logistic regression model were used to select related variables and to estimate the weights for the classes of each variables. As a results, elevation, forest type, elevation relief ratio, folded aspect, plan curvature and solar insolation were related to the crown fire propagation. The crown fire propagation probability equation may can be applied to the priority setting of fuel treatment and suppression resources allocation for forest fire.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.528-536
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• 2012

This study has compared the different types of forest fires(unburned, crown fire, ground fire) and the degree of vegetation recovery at Samcheuk-si, Gangwon-do by assessing the biomass and net primary production from July 2007 through July 2010. The research showed that the average biomass of unburned site(Un), crown fire site(C-1), crown fire site(C-3), ground fire site(G-2) were $181.20{\pm}5.39$, $62.04{\pm}4.38$, $131.09{\pm}14.38$, $63.39{\pm}2.72ton{\cdot}ha^{-1}$, respectively. And the research showed that the average net primary production of unburned site(Un), crown fire site(C-1), crown fire site(C-3), ground fire site(G-2) were $4.17{\pm}0.56$, $3.27{\pm}1.56$, $11.51{\pm}0.53$, $2.10{\pm}0.31ton{\cdot}ha^{-1}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$, respectively. Quercus mongolica $DH_{10}$(Diameter at the 10cm tree height) growth rate at each plot was compared to the crown fire site(C-1) in the annual average $1.21{\pm}0.55mm{\cdot}yr^{-1}$ at the speed of the fastest growth follows; showed crown fire site(C-3), ground fire site(G-2), unburned site(Un) appeared in the order. And that showed the growth rate of height was highest in the $15.43{\pm}4.57cm{\cdot}yr^{-1}$ at crown fire site(C-3), then the crown fire site(C-1), and ground fire site(G-2), and lowest in the unburned site(Un).

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 2012

This study has compared the different types of forest fire sites and the unburned site at Samcheuk-si Gangwon-do by assessing the amount of litter production, nutrient concentration returned to forest floor from July 2007 through October 2010. The research showed that the average amounts of litterfall produced in the unburned site, the crown fire site(C-1), the crown fire site(C-3) and the ground fire site(G-2) were $7.74{\pm}2.56$, $1.17{\pm}0.67$, $2.97{\pm}0.44$ and $2.92{\pm}0.42ton{\cdot}ha^{-1}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$, respectively. In the unburned site, the average amounts of total nitogen(T-N), total phosphorus(T-P), potassium(K), calcium(Ca) and magnesium(Mg) returned to the forest floor were $22.20{\pm}12.43$, $1.16{\pm}0.46$, $2.68{\pm}1.44$, $16.22{\pm}4.69$ and $1.36{\pm}0.32 kg{\cdot}ha^{-1}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$, respectively whereas those in the crown fire site(C-1) were $3.73{\pm}2.31$, $0.10{\pm}0.09$, $0.27{\pm}0.20$, $2.75{\pm}2.58$ and $0.24{\pm}0.27 kg{\cdot}ha^{-1}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$, respectively. This study showed that the nutrient content returned to forest floor was higher in the following order: unburned site(Un) > crown fire site(C-3) > ground fire site(G-2) > crown fire site(C-1).

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.101 no.2
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• pp.286-290
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• 2012

Globally, the forest fires are a significant contributor of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. In this study, fuel load consumed by forest fire and emission of green house gases were analysed in the surface layer. For this, remaining fuel was collected and weighed with the species (Japanese red pine, deciduous) and the forest fire types (surface fire, crown fire) in the 51 forest fires. 8,361 kg/ha fuel load was consumed in deciduous forest damaged by surface fire, and 8,055 kg/ha, 12,333 kg/ha in Japanese red pine burned by surface fire and crown fire. The combustion ratios were 78, 59, and 90%, respectively. 15,856 kg/ha the green house gases such as $CO_2$, $CH_4$, $CH_4$ in deciduous forest burned by surface fire was emitted and 14,834 kg/ha, 22,709 kg/ha in Japanese red pine burned by surface fire and crown fire.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.1
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• pp.52-56
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• 2010

Crown fuel characteristics such as crown bulk density, crown base height, and fuel moisture content of Japanese red pine were analyzed. Ten trees in Mt. Palgong at Daegu, were destructively sampled and their crown fuels were weighed separately for each fuel category. Fuel content of live and dead crown component were 53%, and 15.3%, respectively. Foliar moisture content was 56%. Needles and twigs with diameter less than 1cm diameter accounted for 16.2%, 55% of total and crown fuel load. Average crown bulk density of Japanese red pine was 0.24 kg/$m^3$, effective crown fuel bulk density was 0.1325 kg/$m^3$.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.100 no.3
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• pp.402-407
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• 2011

The objectives of this study were to analyze the crown vertical structure, crown bulk density, and to develop regression models for predicting crown fuel load using the data from 10 destructively sampled Pinus densiflora trees in Bonghwa, Gyeongbuk. The fuel loads were observed higher in the middle portion of the vertical distribution of crown followed by the lower portion and upper portion of Pinus densiflora, respectively. Approximately 25% crown fuel load was found in the needle while 33% was observed in the branches with <1 cm diameter with a total of 58% available fuel loads. The average crown bulk density was $0.45kg/m^3$, and $0.27kg/m^3$ of this was available in the needles and branches with <1 cm diameters. The resulting models in linear equations were able to account for 84% and 88% of the observed variation, while the allometric equations with diameter at breast height as the single predictor showed better results to account for 90% and 95% of the observed variation in the available crown fuel loads and total crown fuel loads, respectively. The suggested equations in this study could provide quantitative fuel load attributes for crown fire behavior models and fire management of red pine stands in Bonghwa areas.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.71-79
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• 2008

To find out the effect of the vegetation recovery and the problems of forest land, the researches of the mortality in pine stand and vegetation recovery have been carried out from the burned site. In area which is damaged by fire scar on crown and stem, rate of dead is higher. Where stand growing stocks were totally damaged by crown forest fire, most of vegetation was recovered by sprouts and planted seeds. Vegetation recovery power were depending on the condition of soil depth condition. For the artificial recovery, the damage happened by insects in the planted birches plantation. Rate of growth was somewhat different between Pinus densiflora and Pinus thunbergii in the plantation, because of individual growth rate.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 2011

We investigated moth communities in Samcheok, Korea, to elucidate the influence of the East Coast Fire in 2000. Moths were collected with UV light traps 4 times a year from 2006 to 2009 at 3 sites: Unburned area (Site 1), Surface fire area (Site 2), and Crown fire area (Site 3) sites, respectively. A total of 3,804 individuals belonging to 727 species from 30 families were captured at the 3 study 1,727 individuals of 505 species (27 families) at Site 1, 1,193 individuals of 353 species (24 families) at Site 2, and 885 individuals of 340 species (25 families) at Site 3. Species richness and individuals of Noctuidae, Pyralidae, Geometridae, and Tortricidae were the highest at all 3 sites. All of species richness, individuals, and species diversity (H') were the highest in Site 1 for 4 years. The index of similarity (${\alpha}$-Index) was higher between Site 2 and 3 in 2006, while higher between Site 1 and 2 in 2009. Moths were grouped into 16 categories by hosts of the larval stage. Individuals of moths of herbaceous feeding habit continuously decreased at Site 3, but proportion of individuals of tree feeding habits continuously increased. The present results showed that moth communities was relatively recovered according to vegetation change after forest fire and regeneration of moth communities in surface fire area was more faster than in crown fire area.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.100 no.2
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• pp.266-272
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• 2011

This study was conducted to analyze the characteristics of crown fuel biomass and to develop allometric equations for the estimation of crown fuel biomass by subjectively categorized the crown component in Pinus densiflora stands. A total of ten representative trees were destructively sampled in Youngju region. Crown fuel were weighed separately for each fuel category by size class. The results of this study showed that foliar moisture content was 119% while the average crown moisture content was 105.3%. The crown fuel/total fuel loading ratio was 30%, needles and twigs with less than 1 cm diameter accounted 50.3% for its fuel/crown fuel loading ratio. Adjusted multiple coefficient of determination of suggested allometric equations ranged from 0.6846 to 0.9246 for crown fuel biomass, 0.8308 for crown volume.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2013.11a
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• pp.199-200
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• 2013

본 연구는 2013년 3월 9일부터 3월 10일 동안 79ha의 산림피해와 110동의 시설물 피해를 준 포항산불에 대하여 산림 내 시설물들의 산불피해 특성분석을 위하여 현장조사를 실시하였다. 조사대상물은 전소피해를 입은 주택 10개소, 창고 1개소 등 총 11개소에 대하여 2013년 3월부터 5월까지 현지조사를 실시하였다. 조사항목은 시설물주변의 지형적 특성, 임상 및 이격거리, 수관화발생여부, 시설물의 재질 등 총 5개 항목에 대하여 피해특성을 분석하였으며, 전소지역의 피해 특성은 지형의 경우 골짜기막장형 지형, 주변임상은 침엽수, 임분밀도는 중임분, 산림과의 평균 이격거리는 3.1m, 산불의 종류는 수관화 발생지역 이었으며, 시설물의 재질은 슬레이트, 조립식 판넬인 것으로 조사되었다.