• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.440-446
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• 2019

This study examined the growth and fruiting characteristics and the acorns biomass allometric equation of Quercus acuta to provide reference data related to the growth and seed supply during the restoration of evergreen forest in the warm temperate zone in Wando Island, Korea. For the growth survey, we selected and cut three sample trees having a mean diameter at breast height (DBH) to investigate the growth analysis through a stem analysis. We then developed the allometric equation (Y=aX+b) of DBH and tree height growth characteristic (Y) according to the average tree age (X) of sampled trees and estimated the DBH and tree height according to the age of Quercus acuta. For the fruiting survey, we selected and cut three sample trees with full fruit in August when, they are at the early mature fruiting stage, for the analysis. To develop the acorns/tree biomass allometric equation of Quercus acuta, we selected and cut ten sample trees of evenly divided diameters. The acorns biomass allometric equation ($Y=aX^b$) was derived by analyzing the biomass (Y) and the growth characteristics (X), such as the DBH, tree height, crown width, and crown height. The allometric equations of average tree age according to DBH and tree height were Y=0506X-2.064 ($R^2=0.999$) and Y=0.321X+0689 ($R^2=0.992$), respectively. The developed allometric equations estimated that the DBH were 3.0cm, 8.1cm, 13.1cm and 18.2cm while the tree heights were 3.9m, 7.1m, 10.3m, and 13.5m when the tree ages were 10, 20, 30, and 40 years, respectively. The analysis results of fruiting characteristics showed that the length, the diameter, the number of fruits, and the number of acorns per fruiting branch had the statistically significant difference and tended to decrease from the upper part to the lower part of crown downward. The total number of acorns was 1,312 acorns/tree in the upper part, 115 acorns/tree in the middle part, and 5 acorns/tree in the lower part of the crown. The allometric equation for the amount of acorns with DBH as an independent variable was $Y=0.003X^{4.260}$ with the coefficient of determination at 0.896. Although the coefficient of determination of the allometric equation using only DBH as the independent variable was lower than that using DBH and tree height ($D^2H$), it would be more practical to consider only DBH as the independent variable because of measurement errors.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.17-20
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• 1968

The growth of Pinus Thunbergii in the four areas was compared with each other, and the results obtained are as follows ; 1. The diameter growth in HAP-CHUN area was found the best, and that of WOOI-SAN, CHE-JU, and SUWON areas was followed in order. 2. The height growth was found the best in WOOI-SAN area, and followed SUWON, HAP-CHUN, and CHE-JU areas in order. 3. The volume growth was found the best in HAP-CHUN area, followed next in order were : WOOL-SAN CHE-JU, and SUWON. 4. Based on the above-mentioned results, it was concluded that the growth of Pinus Thunbergii in inland areas was better than that in islands or coastal areas. This is against the common understanding that Pinus Thunbergii species grow better in coastal areas.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.46-53
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• 1965

Comparisons in growth among 6-, 8-, and 11-year-old plantations of Pinus Taeda and Pinus rigida and 6-year-old Pinus rigitaeda growing in Kwang-yang district, southern part of South Korea, were made. They were so planted to facilitate the comparison by alternate row mixture. The results investigated can be concluded as follows: 1. The Pinus Taeda showed the highest growth and the lowest was Pinus rigida. The hybrid between Pinus Taeda and rigida was middle in height growth. 2. By stem analysis showed Pinus Taeda was about twice as much in the volume growth as pinus rigida. 3. Though Pinus Taeda is more sensitive to low temperature than that of Pinus rigida generally, no damage caused by coldness was observed in plantation of Pinus Taeda in Kwang-yang area. 4. Some protections against wind damage in young Pinus Taeda plantation are needed.

• Environmental engineer
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• v.18 s.194
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• pp.18-21
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• 2002

전국의 많은 환경관리인들은 주어진 책무를 다하기 위해 오늘도 많은 수고를 아끼지 않고 있다. 그러나 대부분의 경우 환경기술인들은 열악한 여건하에서 일을 해야 하기 때문에 많은 고생을 하고 있는 것이 현실이다. 최고경영자의 관심부족, 인적물적자원의 부족, 관계자들의 이해부족 등의 여건 속에서 일을 해야 되는 것은 물론 환경전문가로서 더욱 발전하여야 함에도 불구하고 공부할 수 있는 여건 등이 미비하여 훌륭한 환경전문가로서의 성장과 위상의 제고보다는 환경현장

• Environmental engineer
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• v.18 s.196
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• pp.14-18
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• 2002

전국의 많은 환경관리인들은 주어진 책무를 다하기 위해 오늘도 많은 수고를 아끼지 않고 있다. 그러나 대부분의 경우 환경기술인들은 열악한 여건하에서 일을 해야 하기 때문에 많은 고생을 하고 있는 것이 현실이다. 최고경영자의 관심부족, 인적물적자원의 부족, 관계자들의 이해부족 등의 여건 속에서 일을 해야 되는 것은 물론 환경전문가로서 더욱 발전하여야 함에도 불구하고 공부할 수 있는 여건 등이 미비하여 훌륭한 환경전문가로서의 성장과 위상의 제고보다는 환경현장

• Environmental engineer
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• v.18 s.195
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• pp.22-27
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• 2002

전국의 많은 환경관리인들은 주어진 책무를 다하기 위해 오늘도 많은 수고를 아끼지 않고 있다. 그러나 대부분의 경우 환경기술인들은 열악한 여건하에서 일을 해야 하기 때문에 많은 고생을 하고 있는 것이 현실이다. 최고경영자의 관심부족, 인적물적자원의 부족, 관계자들의 이해부족 등의 여건 속에서 일을 해야 되는 것은 물론 환경전문가로서 더욱 발전하여야 함에도 불구하고 공부할 수 있는 여건 등이 미비하여 훌륭한 환경전문가로서의 성장과 위상의 제고보다는 환경현장

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.30-41
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• 1976

The workers involved in breeding the growth of forest trees as well as in the efficiency of breeding work wish to find out the evidence that juvenile-mature correlations are high and that therefore early tests can be profitably employed in relation work. Juvenile-mature correlation denotes in general sense the interdependence between qualitative or quantitative data collected at different intervals during the life cycle. The correlation can also be obtained through the stem analysis if there is the possibility of cutting sample trees needed amount. In the present study, the juvenile-mature correlation coefficients are calculated from the stem analysis data. The every possible values of correlation coefficient between the 5-year age groups as to diameter, height, and volume growth of Pinus koraiensis S. et Z. and Larix leptolepis Gord. grown in the middle district of Korea were calculated. All the sample trees were cut from the man made plantation. The correlation coefficients are presented in tables and figures. In Pinus koraiensis S. et Z., the values of correlation coefficient between the successive age groups of heights growth are lower in general than those values pertaining to diameter growth. This tendencies are indifferent to site quality. In Larix leptolepis Gord., the values were lower thant these of Pinus koraiensis S.etZ. In any species and characteristics studied, the implications that at least 15 years growth character are related to 35 or 40 years size with reliability could be deduced. Through the relative ranking studies of diameter, height and volume growth of Larix leptolepis Gord., the large varieties among individual trees are appeared during 5-year to 35 year old.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.68 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 1985

Height growth curve to be required for estimating site index was formulated with 10 models based on the average tree height and tree age. Among them, the model of $H=K-ab^A$ was evaluated to be best fit for estimating average tree height(H) with tree age (A). Equations, $H=28.364-26.125(0.818)^A$ and $H=26.331-25.125(0.886)^A$, were situated from the model for estimating average tree height of Larix leptolepis and Pinus koraiensis, respectively (in this case the tree age was categorized into 0 for 5 -year- old tree, 1 for 10 -year- old tree and 2 for 15 -year- old tree ect.). Result of comparing the site indices calculated by the Bryant method, it was proved that the site index of Larix leptolepis was estimated higher than that of Pinus koraiensis within the limits of site index class 6 to 18. On the contrary the site index of Pinus koraiensis turned out to surpass that of Larix leptolepis at the site index class 20 or over.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.77 no.4
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• pp.429-444
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• 1988

Considering the recent trent toward the development of multiple-use of forest trees, investigations for comprehensive information on these young stands of Hinoki cypress are necessary for rational forest management. From this point of view, 83 sample trees were selected and cut down from 23-ear old stands of Hinoki cypress at Changsung-gun, Chonnam-do. Various stem growth factors of felled trees were measured and canonical correlaton analysis, principal component analysis and factor analysis were applied to investigate the stem growth characteristics, relationships among stem growth factors, and to get potential information and comprehensive information. The results are as follows ; Canonical correlation coefficient between stem volume and quality growth factor was 0.9877. Coefficient of canonical variates showed that DBH among diameter growth factors and height among height growth factors had important effects on stem volume. From the analysis of relationship between stem-volume and canonical variates, which were linearly combined DBH with height as one set, DBH had greater influence on volume growth than height. The 1st-2nd principal components here adopted to fit the effective value of 85% from the pincipal component analysis for 12 stem growth factors. The result showed that the 1st-2nd principal component had cumulative contribution rate of 88.10%. The 1st and the 2nd principal components were interpreted as "size factor" and "shape factor", respectively. From summed proportion of the efficient principal component fur each variate, information of variates except crown diameter, clear length and form height explained more than 87%. Two common factors were set by the eigen value obtained from SMC (squared multiple correlation) of diagonal elements of canonical matrix. There were 2 latent factors, $f_1$ and $f_2$. The former way interpreted as nature of diameter growth system. In inherent phenomenon of 12 growth factor, communalities except clear length and crown diameter had great explanatory poorer of 78.62-98.30%. Eighty three sample trees could he classified into 5 stem types as follows ; medium type within a radius of ${\pm}1$ standard deviation of factor scores, uniformity type in diameter and height growth in the 1st quadrant, slim type in the 2nd quadrant, dwarfish type in the 3rd quadrant, and fall-holed type in the 4 th quadrant.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.88 no.4
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• pp.462-468
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• 1999

A natural mixed forest of Pinus densiflora and Quercus variabilis in Mt. Mohu area was studied to investigate patterns of species competition and productivity. Ten $10m{\times}10m$ plots were set up and eight sample trees of each Pinus densiflora and Quercus variabilis were harvested for dimension analysis. Mean tree age of Pinus densiflora was 33 years and that of Quercus variabilis was 26 years. DBH and height of Quercus variabilis were larger than those of Pinus densiflora untill tree age 15. After tree age 15, height of Quercus variabilis was higher than height of Pines densiflora while DBH of Quercus variabilis was smaller than DBH of Pines densiflora. For a tree of a given DBH, there was little difference in leaf dry weight between Pines densiflora and Quercus variabilis. For a tree of a given DBH, dry weights of stem wood, stem bark and branches of Quercus variabilis weighed more than those of Pinus densiflora, and the differences between the dry weights of the two species became greater as DBH increased. Net assimilation ratio of Quercus variabilis was higher than that of Pinus densiflora, and biomass accumulation ratio of Quercus variabilis was lower than that of Pinus densiflora. It may be given as a conclusion that Quercus variabilis was superior to Pinus densiflora in species competition owing to faster height growth, higher net assimilation ratio, and lower biomass accumulation ratio. Aboveground stand biomass was 87.7t/ha and aboveground stand net production was 8.3t/ha/yr.