• Title/Summary/Keyword: 솔나방과

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Changes in Activities of the Acid and Alkaline Phosphatases during the Metamorphosis of the Pine Moth, Dendrolimus spectabilis Butler (솔나방의 變態에 따른 Acid, Alkaline Phosphatases의 變化)

  • Yoo, Chong-Myung;Lee, Kyung-Ro
    • The Korean Journal of Zoology
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.139-145
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    • 1973
  • The activity of acid and alkaline phosphatases of pine moth, Dendrolimus spect abilis Butler was measured in a serier of developmental stages ranging from the larva to the adult. The activity of both enzymes increased gradually with age of larvae, and then decreased in the prepupal stage. Acid enzyme was at a maximum in the pupal early stage and alkaline enzyme in the 8th instar larva, respectively. And in the prepupal stage there were no significant differences between both acid and alkalnie phosphatases. However, their activities were far lower than in the 8th instar larva. In the pupal early stage there occurs a increase in the acitivity of acid enzyme followed by a decrease in the pupal later stage, and in the adult stage its activity increased again.

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최근창궐하는 산림해충 방제요령

  • 박기남
    • The Bimonthly Magazine for Agrochemicals and Plant Protection
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    • v.5 no.8
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    • pp.83-90
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    • 1984
  • 최근 몇년사이에 산림해충의 동향(動向)을 살펴보면 그렇게 흔하던 솔나방(송충)은 거의 자취를 감추다 싶이 하였고 솔잎혹파리도 그 분포범위가 많이 확대되긴 하였으나 전라남도, 전라북도, 경상남도 지역등 발생하기 시작한지가 오랜 지역에서는 이미 그 밀도가 현저하게 감소되어 피해를 찾아보기 어렵게 되었다. 반면에 요즈음 많이 조림한 현사시나무라던가 60년대에 조림붐을 일으킨 밤나무 그리고 강원도, 경기도 일부지역에 집중적으로 조림되어 있는 잣나무등이 전에 없던 해충들에 의하여 피해를 받고 있으며 금년들어 그 세력이 더 강해지는 듯 하다. 이에 몇가지 최근에 문제되고 있는 해충을 간추려 소개한다.

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The Morphological Study of the Midgut Epithelium during the Metamorphosis of Pine Caterpillar (變態에 따른 솔나방(Dendrolimus spectabilis Butler) 中腸上皮의 形態的 考察)

  • 김정상;김우갑;김창환
    • The Korean Journal of Zoology
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    • v.28 no.3
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    • pp.151-165
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    • 1985
  • The morphological changes of the midgut epithelium during the metamorphosis of pine caterpillar are observed with light and electron microscope, being divided into 5 stages from the 8th instar larva to just after pupation. The midgut epithelium of 8th instar larva is composed of columnar cell, goblet cell, regenerative cell, and endocrine cell. The secretorials are arranged on the nuclear membrane in the columnar cell of the midgut epithelium in the 8th instar larva, and lysosomes are augmented in the apical portion. Cytoplasmic extrusions are observed in the apical surface of columnar cell but they have no cell organells. Nucleus, mitochondria, rER, Golgi complex, and free ribsomes are observed in the regenerative cell. Regenerative cells are differentiated into the form of goblet cell, and vacuoles are gradually increased in the cytoplasm. Just pupa stage, the materials, which appears to be mainly composed of Ca, are observed in the circular form and goblet cavity of regenerative cell are detached to lumen. As a result, it reflects the process of the degeneration of the midgut epithelium that lysosomes are gradually augmented in the columnar cell, that nuclear materials are removed to cytoplasm, and that cytoplasmic extrusions are observed in the apical surface. And though regenerative cells are differentiated into the form of the goblet cell, it is believed that goblet cavity is detached from regenerative cell to the lumen and midgut epithelium of pupa stage is formed.

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Studies on the Oogenesis of the Dendrolimus spectabilis Butler (솔나방(Dendrolimus spectabilis Butler)의 난형성에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Jeong-Sang;Kim, Jong-Se
    • Applied Microscopy
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.17-25
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    • 1995
  • This paper aims to probe the cell differentiation and gene activity in early Oogenesis from Dendrolimus spectabilis Butler by transmission electron microscope. The 8 cystocytes are formed by mitosis of the Oogonia, and differentiated to the 1 Oocyte and 7 nurse cells. The oocyte and nurse cells are connected by ring canals, through which the cytoplasmic organelles such as mitochondria, free ribosomes, and electron dense granular materials are passed from nurse cells to o cyte. Many replication fork in the cystocyte nuclei and 2 transcriptional units of $2.7{\mu}m\;and\;0.36{\mu}m\;or\;0.5{\mu}m$ in the nurse cells are observed by the chromatin spreading technique. It is possible that transcriptional units are passed from nurse cells to Oocyte.

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Ultrastructural Studies on the Oogenesis of the Pine moth, Dendrolimus spectabilis (Lasiocampidae) II. Vitelline Membrane and Chorion Formation (솔나방(Dendrolimus spectabilis) 난소의 미세구조 II. 난황막 및 난각형성과정)

  • Kim, Ji-Hyun;Kim, Jeong-Sang;Kim, Woo-Kap
    • Applied Microscopy
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    • v.24 no.4
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    • pp.52-60
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    • 1994
  • The developing ovarian oocyte of Dendrolimus spectabilis has been studied by using electron microscopical techniques. After yolk formation the vitelline membrane was laid down in the intercellular space between the follicle cell and the oocyte. But before the vitelline membrane formation the granules with high electron density that the vitelline membrane precusor are observed in the follicle cell. At the late vitellogenesis stage these granules were transported into the intercellular space between the follicle cells and the oocyte. These granules fuse to each other and larger bodies which eventually produce the vitelline membrane. The vitelline membrane was distinguished into the light inner and dark outer membrane. Next the chorion was laid down. It was apparent that the chorion was laid down in the intercellular space immediately adjacent to the vitelline membrane, and that it was formed by the follicle cells only.

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Electron Microscopic Visualization of Dendrolimus spectabilis Midgut Cells infected by D. spectabilis Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (Dendrolimus spectabilis Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus에 감염된 솔나방유충 중장세포의 전자현미경적 관찰)

  • Lee, Hyung-Hoan;Lee, Keun-Kwang;Lee, Min-Woong
    • Applied Microscopy
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.21-26
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    • 1991
  • Midgut cells of the dead Dendrolimus spectabilis larvae by infection of D. spectabilis nuclear polyhedrosis virus (DsNPV) were observed by transmission electron microscopy. DsNPV replicated in the nucleus of the infected midgut cells and the virogenic stroma of DsNPV appeared in the nucleus, from which nucleocapsids were formed. Also the formation of polyhedral inclusion bodies were observed in the nucleus.

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Selection of Aerial Spraying Control Agent and Susceptibility of Pinewood Nematode Vectors to Spraying Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (소나무재선충 매개충에 대한 항공방제 약제 탐색 및 무인항공기 살포에 의한 매개충의 약제 감수성)

  • Junheon Kim;Sangjune Nam;Jinyoung Song
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.62 no.1
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    • pp.43-48
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    • 2023
  • The efficacy of spinetoram sprayed from an unmanned helicopter to control two insect vectors of pine wood nematodes, Monochamus alternatus and M. saltuarius was assessed. By using a ULV (Ultra Low Volume) sprayer, the mortality rates of phenthoate, bifenthrin, etofenprox, and diflubenzuron, which are registered for use against coleopteran insects, indoxacarb and spinetoram, which are registered for use against lepidopteran insects, were evaluated for efficacy as aerial spraying agents. The ULV test, using 33- and 55-fold dilutions of phenthoate, bifenthrin, indoxacarb, and spinetoram demonstrated a 100% insect mortality rate upon contact and feeding mortality on the third day after treatment, while etofenprox and diflubenzuron exhibited a slightly lower mortality rate than the remaining compounds. Consequently, spinetoram was selected as a candidate pesticide for aerial spraying and its efficacy to control the insect vectors was assessed. The x 33 dilution of spinetoram resulted in a 98.6-100% control efficacy against two insect vectors. However, risk assessment for bees following aerial spraying will be necessary before applying the pesticide to control insect vectors.

On the wing venation and scales of Dendrolimus spectabilis Butler (I) (솔나방의 시맥(翅脈)과 인편(鱗片)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) (I))

  • Yun, Jeong Koo
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.2 no.1
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    • pp.59-65
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    • 1962
  • The objects of this experiment are to find out the local variation of the Dendrolimus Spectabilis Butler, of which sample was first collecteted 15 bodies of male and 35 bodies of female adult at Suwon area. the wing veins and the scale shape have been observed through the microscope (100) and the scale size (from the bottom of the scale to the top of the lobe) has also been measured by the micrometer. The results of this experiment are as follows: 1. There is nodifference between the venation of the male body and that of the female body. Also we can not find any differences between the right and the left wing, and between each body. The fore wings consit of 13 longitudinal veins and the only one "V" shape cross vein which is between the 5th and 6th vein. The hind wings consist of 9 longitudinal veins and the only one "V" shape cross vein which is mentioned above. 2. The scale types are divided into 4 Groups in its shape. (A) The scales of I Group are short and the lower parts of them almost look like a circle, having a small projection at their bottom. The upper parts of them have 2 or 10 lobes. We can find the lobes with fine hairs or the lobes without them at the top of the scales. (B) The scales of II Group are longer than that of I Group. The shape of the lower parts of the scales is similar to that of I Group. The upper parts of the scales have 2 or 10 lobes. (C) The scales of III Group are long and almost alike in a long wedgeshape. The upper parts of the scales have 2 Or IO lobes and we can find long fine hairs at the top of each lobe. (D) The scales of IV Group are long and the shape of the lower parts of the scales is similar to that of III Group. The lobes are short and not sharp. We can find 2 or 9 lobes. 3. The scales of I Group and II Group are distributed on the whole surface except on the outer margin. The most scales of III Group are distributed on the wing base. The scales of IV Group are distributed on the outer margin only. The scales with 4 or 5 lobes are most widely distributed not considering their Group or distributing parts. 4. In I Group the variation of the scale length become gradually greater as the number of the lobes are increasing. In II, III, IV Group, however, the variation of the scale length is in direct opposition to the above mentioned. The variation of the scale width becomes pretty small in any Groups and the scale width become wider as the number of the lobes are increasing. 5. The source of the wing colouration is pigmnetal colour, and the wing colouration is expressed by the amount of brown and white scales.

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Fine Structural Study on the Salivary Glands in the Pine Moth, Dendrolimus spectabilis Butler at the Last Larval Period (솔나방(Dendrolimus spectabilis Butler) 종령유충(終齡幼蟲)의 타액선(唾液腺)에 관한 미세구조적(微細構造的) 연구(硏究))

  • Baek, Seung-Bum;Moon, Myung-Jin;Kim, Woo-Kap
    • Applied Microscopy
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.153-166
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    • 1988
  • The fine structure of the salivary glands of the pine moth, Dendrolimus spectabilis Butler, at the last larval period is observed using light and electron microscopes. The moths have single paired tubular salivary glands which openings are connected to the oral cavity through the upper jaw. By the external morphology and its functions, the glands are subdivided into three regions which are anterior reabsorptive region, middle storage region and posterior secretory region. Along the inner canal of the salivary gland two columns of the large glandular cells are connected each other and oriented to ring-like forms. By this cellular orientation, the glands have long and large tubular structure. From anterior to posterior region large nuclei of the glands are ramified like twigs of the tree, and in the cytoplasm of the cell numerous mitochondria and vacuoles are seen. Moreover, basal plasma membranes of the gland cells are heavily infolded. The anterior region of the glands keeps several characteristics related to the reabsorption of the material from the inner cavity to the glandular cells whereas, main salivary material is synthesized and secreted through the long and convoluted posterior region. The apical plasma membranes of the cells are the most heavily invaginated at the posterior regoin, but trachea and tracheoles are distributed only at the middle and posterior regions. In the cytoplasm of the middle region Golgi complexes appeared at the vicinity of the vesicles, and at the posterior region of the salivary glands multivesicular bodies are also observed.

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Study on the Long-term Forecasting of Brown Planthopper Outbreaks (벼멸구 발생의 장기예찰을 위한 기초적 연구)

  • Paik Woon Hah;Paik Hyun Joon
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.16 no.3 s.32
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    • pp.171-179
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    • 1977
  • Since the outbreak of the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) in 1915 caused tremendous losses in rice production, one of the more effective method of prevention of such a disaster could be the establishment of longterm forecasting system, In 1916 the author indicated there was a correlation between sunspot activities and brown planthopper and the white back planthopper outbreaks. However, the examples seem to be too small size to state a definite correlation. The purpose of the present study IS to revi~w the history of the brown planthopper outbreaks, and to establish a more effective forcasting system. The present forcasting methods are based on light trap catches of adults which already migrate into this country from mainland China. The regular cycle of 11.2 years of sunspot activity began in 1710, and was continued to present. To gather more records of brown planthopper, the author checked 'Joseon Wangjo Silrok' and analized the so-called 'Hwang' 'Hwang-chung' and 'Chung' which have multiple meanings, together with 'Samguk Sagi' 'Goryo Sa' and 'Munheon Bigo.' The results obtained by the about from review of these old literature citations revealed that ten species of insect and unknown species were involved: i. e., pine moth (Dendrolimus spectabilis), army worm (Mythimna separata), brown planthopper (Nilarvata lugens), white-back planthopper (Sogatella furcifera), migratory locust (Locutsa migratoria), rice stem borer (Chilo suppressalis,), mole cricket (Gryllotalpa africana), rice-plant weevil (Echinocnemus squameus), cut worm (Euxoa segetum), and mulberry pyralid Margaronia pyloalis) The suspected incidence of planthopper in old records expressed by 'Hwang' or 'Chung' revealed a total or 25 out of 37 in 'Samguk sagi,' 21 out of 49 in 'Goryo sa,' 9 of 73 in 'Wanjo-silrog,' and none of 8 in 'Munheon bigo' were planthoppers. Therefore, a total of 36 out of 167 records of insect incidence in the old literature can be possibly attributed to planthoppers. The brown planthopper and white-back planthopper migrate together to Korea every year from mainland China, However, the number of each species are differ by year. In 1975 outbreak the brown planthopper was dominant; and the white-back planthopper prevailed in 1946 and 1977 outbreaks, During the course of this study, the author was able to add a new record of outbreak of planthop per. In 1916 the white-back planthopper outbreak caused serious losses in Chungcheong-namdo and Jeonla-namdo, with losses estimated as high as 160 and 190 thousand seok (23.2 and 27.5 thousand M/T), in Naju and Secheon county, respectively. Since 1912, major outbreaks of brown planthopper or white-back planthopper have been recored 5 times. These occurrences coincide and well matched the period of minimum number of sunspots, With these authenticated records of planthoppers, the author believes there is a close correlation between brown planthopper and white-back planthopper outbreaks in Korea and sunspot activities. Therefore, in years of low number of sunspots, we should watch for and expect outbreaks of these. insects. At this time, it will be necessary to provide all possible prevention measures.

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