• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.29-55
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• 2017

We examine the effects of the self-reported subjective and the objective health indexes on work compensations. The compensations consist of monetary factors, such as wages, and non-monetary factors reflecting job risks such as the workplace accidence. The wages and workplace injuries are clearly affected by gender and age differences as the subjective and objective health factors of elderly workers are combined with physical and systematic work environments. Mental health problems such as work depression are more serious especially for high income elderly groups. The elderly workers experienced with physical problems and chronic illnesses are led to the decrease in wages and the increase in safety accident risks at work sharply. Therefore, we need to provide supporting services, retirement planning designed by companies, supported by the government enhanced risk working conditions and the weakness on protecting jobs.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.266-270
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• 2001

Foreign bodies in the maxillofacial area are not commonly seen. If occurred, the immediate removal of foreign bodies is recommended to avoid further complications. The most important thing is a exact localization of foreign bodies using X-rays such as plain radiography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound before treatment. During removal of foreign bodies, tissue should be dissected carefully and complete exploration of the whole wound required.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.279-287
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• 2005

File integrity checking is the most reliable method to examine integrity and stability of system resources. It is required to examine the whole data whenever auditing system's integrity, and its process and result depends on administrator's experience and ability. Therefore the existing method is not appropriate to intrusion response and recovery systems, which require a fast response time. Moreover file integrity checking is able to collect information about the damaged resources, without information about the person who generated the action, which would be very useful for intrusion isolation. In this paper, we propose rtIntegrit, which combines system call auditing functions, it is called Syswatcher, with file integrity checking. The rtlntegrit can detect many activities on files or file system in real-time by combining with Syswatcher. The Syswatcher audit file I/O relative system call that is specified on configuration. And it can be easily cooperated with intrusion response and recovery systems since it generates assessment data in the standard IDMEF format.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.11
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• pp.1422-1425
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• 2002

Subcutaneous fat necrosis in neonates is a rare disease characterized by skin lesions, which may be single or multiple, poorly circumscribed and often tender erythematous nodules or plaques on cheeks, buttocks, back, arms, and thighs. These symptoms are usually self-limited; resolution occurs over a period of weeks to months. Subcutaneous fat necrosis affects full term and healthy-appearing infants who have experienced perinatal distress such as hypoxic insult, birth trauma and hypothermia. Most skin lesions appear within the first two weeks of life. We experienced a case of subcutaneous fat necrosis in a neonate with hypoxic insult and report the case with a brief review of the literature.

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.20-23
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• 2011

Penetrating injury and retained foreign substances in human body are the main causes of visiting to the emergency room. In hand, foreign substances are caused by trauma. The most common plant pieces, the glass fragments and metal fragments should occur in the order. Especially, it's hard to find fragments of plants and plastic materials because of their radiolucency. And although these fragments are removed, it's difficult to differentiated clearly whether residual foreign bodies are in human hand or not. This study reports the authors' experience in the treatment of a patient from whom he removed a residual tree thorn in the operating room. The thorn was found 4 weeks after the trauma by ultrasonography and then the patients' symptoms were improved.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.115-118
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• 2007

Rupture of the pectoralis major muscle may occur in youngers or athletes associated with extreme sports, especially during the weight training. It is uncommon, but the incidence is increased by the recent growth of athletic population, According to the drift, variable methods of operative treatment for the functional and cosmetic recovery are introduced. We report a case of pectoralis major muscle rupture which was successfully repaired using transosseous repair and suture anchors five months after the initial injury during the bench-pressing.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.280-285
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• 2010

Purpose: Coracoid impingement syndrome refers to subscapularis impingement between the coracoid process and lesser tuberosity of the humerus, and pain may occur when the arm is positioned in forward flexion, internal rotation and adduction. This position is common for archers. Material and methods: A female archer with coracoid impingement syndrome that was uncontrolled by conservative therapy underwent arthroscopic subcoracoid decompression. At the 20th postoperative month of follow up, she complained of painful rotator interval widening and so she underwent arthroscopic rotator interval plication. Results: At the postoperative 6th month of follow up after the second operation, she showed no pain and good functional results, and she returned to competing as an archer. Conclusion: We have reported here on a case of successful treatment of painful rotator widening after subcoracoid decompression in an elite archer.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.5 no.1 s.15
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• pp.1-10
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• 2003

The objective of pavement design, just as with the design of other structures, is to obtain the most economical designs at specified levels of reliability. Methods that yield designs with different levels of reliability are undesirable, and over the course of time design approaches in the U.S. and Europe have converged toward the Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) format in order to assure uniform reliability. At present the LRFD format has been implemented in concrete, steel, wood and bridge design specifications. In this paper, reliability theories are used to illustrate the development of an LRFD format for Mechanistic-Empirical (M-E) design of flexible pavements as an alternative of its reliability module. It is shown in this paper that ten candidate pavement sections designed with a reliability level using the AASHTO design guide (1986) do not have uniform structural reliability in terms of pavement mechanistic distress such as fatigue cracking and the uniform reliability can be achieved by using the LRFD format.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.266-272
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• 2013

Purpose: Although the duodenum and the pancreas are protected by surrounding organs and have a low probability of injury during trauma, the mortality and the morbidity due to complications is high. This report includes the pancreaticoduodenal injuries we observed that were treated at a single institute. Methods: The medical records of patients admitted to our institute between 2001 and 2012 for pancreaticoduodenal injury were retrospectively reviewed. Results: In our hospital, between 2001 and 2012, 15 patients were admitted for a pancreaticoduodenal injury. All patients experienced blunt trauma, 6 of whom were involved in traffic accidents and 9 of whom received injuries from physical assault. Most of the patients were men(13 of 15 patients, 86%) with a mean age of 23 years (range, 5?39 years). All patients were admitted to the emergency center and managed by the surgeons on duty. The mean value of the injury severity score was 22. The mortality rate was 6%(1 of 15 patients). Seven of the fourteen surviving patients(50%) had duodenal injury, 6 patients(42%) had a pancreatic injury, and 1 patient(7%) had a combined pancreaticoduodenal injury. The surgical procedures were targeted at damage control. Conclusion: In conclusion, we believe that damage control surgery is the optimal management for a pancreaticoduodenal injury.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.421-428
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• 1986

From January 1981 through December 1985, 481 thoracic civilian injuries were reviewed in the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Paik Hospital in Seoul. Sixty two percent of the injuries were caused by traffic accident, 18% fall down, 15% blunt trauma, 2% crushing injury, 2% stab wound, and 0.4% gunshot wound. Peak incidence of the trauma victim was fourth and fifth decades revealing 22% and 27% respectively. Sex ratio was 3.5:1 with male predominance. Elapsed time before admission was less than one hour in 36% and one to six hour in 30%. The types of the injuries were as follows: Non-penetrating injuries were the most part of the wounded, 97.6%. Rib fracture was the most common lesion occupying 292 patient out of 481 [61%]. Of these 292 patients, 72% was multiple rib fracture. The incidence of hemothorax or hemopneumothorax was 19% [102 patients] [Table 4]. Most common associated condition was head injuries, 98 patients [14%]. Thoracoabdominal injuries were seen in 31 patients [0.6%]. Tube thoracostomy was the definitive measures in the 20% of the wounded. Open thoractomy was performed in 5%. Additional procedures for the associated condition were done in the 16% of the cases, for example, reduction of long bone fracture and trephination for the head injury. Among 481 wounded, fatal complication occurred in 13 patients [2.7%]. This paper has also compared two series of patients according to period; one from 1970 to 1980 and the present series [Table 8]. Conclusively, the fatal complications or trauma death may be reduced by the effort 1] rapid transport of the victim, 2] initial correction or resuscitative measures of the circulatory and ventilatory deficit 3] early decision of definitive thoracostomy or thoracotomy and 4] proper prioritizing for the care of the multiple critically injured patient.