• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.819-830
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• 2009

When simulating large crowds, it is inevitable that the models and motions of many characters will be cloned. McDonnell et al. analyzed user's perception to find cloned characters. They established that clones of appearance are far easier to detect than motion clones. In this paper, we expand McDonnell's research[1], with the focus on multiple clones and the appearance variety in real-time game environment. Introducing the perceptual organization, we show the appearance variety of crowd clones by using game items and texture modulation. Other factors that influence the ability to detect clones were examined, such as the moving direction and distance between character clones. Our results provide novel insights and useful thresholds that will assist in creating more realistic crowds of game environments.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.95-100
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among children's perceived parental attachment, parental happiness, and children's autonomy, and to find out in detail the influence of parental attachment and parental happiness on children's autonomy. Frequency analysis and descriptive statistical analysis were performed on data from the 12th year of the Korean Children's Panel (2019), and Pearson's moment correlation coefficient was calculated for correlation analysis between variables. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to examine the influence of parental attachment and parental happiness on children's autonomy. The research results were as follows. First, parental attachment perceived by children, parental happiness, and children's autonomy were all positively correlated. Second, among the sub-variables of parental attachment, maternal trust, paternal trust, and maternal communication were found to have an influence, and only maternal happiness was found to have an effect on parental happiness. This means that parental attachment acts as a more important variable than parental happiness. Therefore, we need constant attention and effort to support children in a more intimate and stable relationship with their parents so that they can gain life satisfaction through active and proactive choices and decisions.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.79-108
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• 2007

In this study, we measured customers' perception of organization citizenship behaviors of employees which are known as the important factor for improving performance of companies, and examined the path relationship among related variables such as service quality, customer satisfaction, trust, and positive word of mouth. Although there have been many studies of OCB in the marketing field, the majority of these studies measured employee's OCB from the organization's perspective. This study has extended the prior studies by measuring employee's OCB from the customer's perspective. Customers of beauty salons and public houses were researched such that OCB may be applied to more various customer contact situations. The result is as follows. First, employees's OCB had a direct effect on perceived service quality and trust, and had an indirect effect on customer satisfaction. It means that customers evaluate the service quality of employees and trust frontline employees when they observed employees helping other organizational members, orientated customer facilitation beyond the regulated role and showed positive attitudes for their organization. As a result, customers feel more satisfied. Secondly, OCB had an indirect effect on positive word of mouth through mediation of service quality, satisfaction, and trust. Finally, consumer facilitation had the largest effect on consumer attitude among three dimensions of OCB-consumer facilitation, organization involvement, and sportsmanship. We understood the relationship between frontline employee's OCB and customer attitudes, and the necessity of multidimensional approach in measuring employee's OCB from the customer's perspective.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.34 no.4 s.96
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• pp.310-318
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• 2001

In the large regulated Nakdong River, the Predation effect of juvenile fish on the zooplankton community was evaluated by gut and stomach analyses of fish in 1999. Juvenile fish of five species showed high density from May to early June when river discharge was low and water body became stagnant. During this period, large rotifers, Asplanchna spp. and Brachionus spp. declined and the decrease of cladoceran (Moina micrura and Bosminopsis deitersi) density was also obeserved. At this time, small rotifers including Polyarthra spp. reached maximum density. Gut analysis of fish demonstrated that small-sized juvenile fish (< 15 mm in total length)preferred large rotifers as well as cladocerans, while large sized fish (> 15 mm)selected only cladocerans. On the other hand, juvenile Micropterus salmoides of which size was larger than other juvenile fish consumed not only zooplankton but also other small juvenile fish. Based on these results, the decline of large rotifers and cladocerans during early summer in the river seems to be result of predation by juvenile fish. However, the period when juvenile fish maintained their high density was as short as one month and the decreased density of cladocera rapidly recovered as soon as juvenile fish became scarce. Such a short period of juvenile fish devel-opment in the river can be attributed to the consumption of juvenile fish by the young-of-the-year cohorts as well as adults of M. salmoides. The high trophic state of the river might permit the rapid recovery of the cladoceran community. The predation impact of juvenile fish in the Nakdong River seems to be affected by the existence of piscivore as well as high trophic status.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.214-229
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• 2016

Since financial crisis, sharing economy emerged as a result of economic stagnation, emerging environmental-friendly trend and increasing smartphone penetration, which led to reducing unnecessary consumption and increasing the practical usage of resources. This indicates the possibility that the sharing economy service will develop in this hyperconnectivity era in terms of increasing consumer utility. In this study, the author, therefore, empirically analyzed the factors that affect the continuous usage from the experience of service use and the causal relationship between the factors by regulating the success of sharing economy service as the continuous use after the acceptance of service. The findings demonstrated that the perceived value and network externality had a significant effect on both trust and satisfaction, and the perceived risk had a significant effect on trust. In addition, trust affected both satisfaction and continuous use intention significantly, and satisfaction also had a significant effect on continuous use intention. And the perceived value and risk, and network externality mediated trust and satisfaction, thereby having a significant effect on continuous use intention. Through this research, the author intends to provide an opportunity to enhance the competitiveness of sharing economy service under an uncertain business environment by way of identifying the success factors of the sharing economy service whose important is growing in recently years and the structural relationship between these factors.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.222-230
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• 2008

Intruding ages for the Jurassic(${\sim}Triassic$) granites in South Korea can be reestablished as $210{\sim}170\;Ma$ and $180{\sim}160\;Ma$ according to the tectonic provinces of magma emplacement. Most Jurassic granites in the Gyeonggi massif have the intrusion ages of $180{\sim}160\;Ma$, indicative of middle Jurassic igneous activity. On the other hand the intrusion ages ($210{\sim}170\;Ma$) for the Jurassic granites in the Yeongnam massif represent late Triassic to middle Jurassic igneous activity. Using the concept of granite suite/supersuite, the Jurassic granites in South Korea can be hierarchically divided into two supersuites and two suites. Huge batholith of NE-SW direction in the Gyeonggi massif could be designated to be 'Gyeonggi Supersuite', which was originated from the mixture of igneous protolith and more evoloved crustal materials and formed in the post-orogenic environment after collision of the north China and south China blocks. There are one supersuite and two suites in the Yeongnam massif 'Yeongnam Supersuite' could be designated from the NE-SW trend batholith in the massif. This supersuite was originated from the mixture of igneous protolith and evolved crustal materials. Granitic rocks between Andong and Girncheon areas could be defined as 'Andong Suite'. This suite was originated from the mixture of depleted mantle and igneous protolith. The Daegang and Hamchang granties could be designated as 'Daegang Suite'. This suite was formed in the anorogenic environment which was different from the orogenic environment of the other supersuite/suite in the Yeongnam massif.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.1-19
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• 2010

The role of customers in product, service production and delivery is getting more important. Especially, customers' progressive participation in service circumstance bring to success of service delivery and improve service quality. Recently, the studies related to Customer Citizenship Behavior (CCB) which leaves to the discretion of customer is conducting in marketing area. However, the prior study concentrates on antecedents of CCB but it mixed antecedents of CCB and customer participation behavior. Also, there is insufficient related to the consequence of CCB in long-term relationship between service organization and customer. This study examines the effect of customer citizenship behavior on long-term orientation between service organization and customer. The results show that significant effects of citizenship behavior of customer. First, the relationship between customer's perception of justice and CCB was significant. Second, the relationship between customer's perception of support from service organization and CCB was significant. Third, the relationship between customer's perception of value and CCB was significant. Lastly, CCB significantly affect on Long-Term Orientation between service organization and customer.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.750-759
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• 2023

The Korean government and industry practitioners have rapidly increased their interest in marine healing programs after the COVID-19 pandemic. However, research related to understanding the perceived usefulness, participant satisfaction, and benefits of marine healing experience from a consumer-oriented perspective is still lacking. This study used the post acceptance model to continuously examine the relationship between the perceived usefulness, expectancy confirmation, participant satisfaction, and intention to participate in a marine healing program. A survey was conducted by trained interviewers every weekend from September to October 2022 on the participants of marine healing programs in Busan city, and 203 samples were used for the analysis. The results showed that expectancy confirmation for the marine healing program positively affected satisfaction with the program and the perceived usefulness of the program. Moreover, satisfaction of the participants with the marine healing program positively affected their intention to continue participating. Additionally, the perceived usefulness of the healing program positively affected program satisfaction and continuous participation intention.

• Journal of the Korean Geophysical Society
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.153-161
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• 2002

In order t determine blasting sites for the crustal refraction studies in the korean peninsula, seismic refraction profiling was conducted at two sites in the reclaimed land of Seosan. At a quarry for construction material and another site on a rice field 2km east of the quarry, 24 channel refraction profiling of 46m was conducted at a geophone spacing of 2m. Seismic velocity profiles obtained through tomographic invesion reveal that the quarry is regarded as an ideal place for blasting based on the observation that fresh basements with seismic velocities of 3,900 m/s or greater locate approximately 6m deep. On the contrary, under the reclaimed rice field, the basements are weathered more, of slower velocities, and buried deeper than quarry, indicating not an ideal location for detonating seismic explosives of large amounts.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.7-7
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• 2023

국내뿐만 아니라 세계적으로도 산사태 발생에 따른 토석류 피해가 빈번하게 발생하고 있으나 아직 토석류 거동에 대한 물리적인 특성을 규명하고, 실험 등을 통한 면밀한 검토가 안 되었다. 토석류는 집중호우 시 토사 내 함수량의 증가로 인해 또는 지진, 화산 발생 시 지각 변동으로 인해 사면의 저항력이 약화되어 발생한다. 이러한 토석류는 재해를 일으키는 매우 위험한 자연 현상이며, 그 규모에 따라 하류부에 큰 피해를 발생시킬 수 있다. 국내에서 수행된 토석류 관련 연구들은 해외에서 주로 수행된 기초연구 결과를 이용한 토석류 피해 발생예측, 위험지도 작성, 토석류 방지 구조물 개발 등의 응용연구가 대부분이며 소규모 모형을 제작하여 수리실험이 진행되었다. 김기환 외(2008)은 토석류 확산형태와 흐름 속도에 대한 모형실험을 수행하였으며, 김영일과 백중철(2011)은 토석류 유동과 퇴적 특성에 대한 실험을 수행하였다. 미국의 경우 미지질조사국(USGS, U.S Geological Survey)에서 1994년부터 지금까지 100 m 길이의 대형 경사수로를 이용하여 토석류 수리모형실험을 수행하고 있으며 이를 통해 토석류의 수위, 충격력, 전파속도, 유출 후 퇴적형상 등에 대한 다양한 실험데이터를 제시하고 있다. 그러나, 현재까지 국내외 토석류 실험에 대한 표준실험방법과 기준이 정립되지 않아 실험결과의 신뢰성을 명확히 증명하기 어려운 실정이다. 토석류로 인한 가장 직접적인 피해 인자인 토석류의 충격력과 전파속도를 수리모형실험을 통해 정량적으로 파악하기 위한 시험 표준으로 시험 절차, 시험 방법 및 적정한 측정장비의 사양 등을 단체표준을 통해 제공함으로써 시험의 불확실성을 최소화하고, 명확한 프로세스에 따른 시험 결과의 신뢰성과 일관성을 확보하고자 한다. 국토교통연구인프라운영원에서는 단체표준 개발을 위한 시험기관협의체를 구성하고, 이해관계인들의 의견을 반영한 토석류 충격력과 전파속도 측정방법(안)을 2022년에 7월 작성하였으며, 현재 이해관계자들의 의견을 수렴하고 중소기업중앙회에 심의를 상정한 상태이다.