• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.47-53
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• 2018

In this paper, we investigate a collision avoidance algorithm for unmanned aerial vehicles using potential field based on the relative velocity of obstacles. The potential field consists of the attraction force and the repulsive force that are generated for the target and the obstacles. And the field can be classified into the attractive potential field generated by the target and the repulsive potential field generated by the obstacle, respectively. In this study, we construct an attractive potential field as a function of the distance between the UAV and the target position. On the other hand, a repulsive potential field is created by a function of distance and the relative velocity of the obstacle with respect to the UAV. The proposed potential field based collision avoidance algorithm is evaluate through simulations.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.182-183
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 전형적인 비선형 회귀문제를 다루기 위해 슈뢰딩거 방정식에 의해 표현되는 Hilbert공간에서 수행되는 Quantum 클러스터링과 Mountain 함수를 이용하여, 수치적인 입출력데이터로부터 TSK 형태의 자동적인 퍼지 if-then 규칙의 생성방법을 제안한다. 여기서 슈뢰딩거 방정식은 분석적으로 확률함수로부터 유도되어질 수 있는 포텐셜 함수를 포함한다. 이 포텐셜의 최소점들은 데이터의 특성을 포함하는 클러스터 중심들과 관련되어진다. 그러나 이들 클러스터 중심들은 데이터의 수와 같으므로 퍼지 규칙을 생성하기 어려울 뿐만 아니라 수렴속도가 느린 문제점을 가지고 있다. 이러한 문제점들을 해결하기 위해서, 본 논문에서는 밀도 척도에 기초한 클러스터 중심의 근사적인 추정에 대해 간단하면서 효과적인 Mountain 함수를 이용하여 효과적인 클러스터 중심을 얻음과 동시에 적응 뉴로-퍼지 네트워크의 자동적인 퍼지 규칙을 생성하도록 한다. 자동차 MPG 예측문제에 대한 시뮬레이션 결과는 제안된 방법이 기존 문헌에서 제시한 예측성능보다 더 좋은 특성을 보임을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.49-55
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• 2020

Information theoretic learning (ITL) methods based on random symbols (RS) use a set of random symbols generated according to a target distribution and are designed nonparametrically to minimize the cost function of the Euclidian distance between the target distribution and the input distribution. One drawback of the learning method is that it can not utilize the input power statistics by employing a constant stepsize for updating the algorithm. In this paper, it is revealed that firstly, information potential input (IPI) plays a role of input in the cost function-derivative related with information potential output (IPO) and secondly, input itself does in the derivative related with information potential error (IPE). Based on these observations, it is proposed to normalize the step-size with the statistically varying power of the two different inputs, IPI and input itself. The proposed algorithm in an communication environment of impulsive noise and multipath fading shows that the performance of mean squared error (MSE) is lower by 4dB, and convergence speed is 2 times faster than the conventional methods without step-size normalization.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.35-47
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• 1996

A surface panel method treating a boundary-value problem of the Dirichlet type is presented to design a three dimensional body with free surface corresponding to a prescribed pressure distribution. An integral equation is derived from Green's theorem, giving a relation between total potential of known strength and the unknown local flux. Upon discretization, a system of linear simultaneous equations is formed including free surface boundary condition and is solved for an assumed geometry. The pseudo local flux, present due to the incorrect positioning of the assumed geometry, plays a role f the geometry corrector, with which the new geometry is computed for the next iteration. Sample designs for submerged spheroids and Wigley hull and carried out to demonstrate the stable convergence, the effectiveness and the robustness of the method. For the calculation of the wave resistance, normal dipoles and Rankine sources are distributed on the body surface and Rankine sources on the free surface. The free surface boundary condition is linearized with respect to the oncoming flow. Four-points upwind finite difference scheme is used to compute the free surface boundary condition. A hyperboloidal panel is adopted to represent the hull surface, which can compensate the defects of the low-order panel method. The design of a 5500TEU container carrier is performed with respect to reduction of the wave resistance. To reduce the wave resistance, calculated pressure on the hull surface is modified to have the lower fluctuation, and is applied as a Dirichlet type dynamic boundary condition on the hull surface. The designed hull form is verified to have the lower wave resistance than the initial one not only by computation but by experiment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.305-316
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• 2018

As the urbanization ratio increases, the heat environment in cities is becoming more important due to the urban heat island. In this study, the heat island spatial analysis was calculated and conducted for analysis of urban thermal environment of Sejong city, which was launched in 2012 and has been developed rapidly. To analyze the ratio and change rate of urban area, a multi temporal land cover map (2013 to 2015 and 2017) of study area is generated based on Landsat-8 OLI/TIRS (Operational Land Imager / Thermal Infrared Sensor) satellite imagery. Then, we select an TIR (Thermal Infrared) band from the two TIR bands provided by the Landsat-8, which is used for calculating the heat island potential, through the accuracy evaluation of the brightness temperature and AWS (Automatic Weathering Station) data. Based on the selected band and surface emissivity, land surface temperature is calculated and the estimated heat island potential change is analyzed. As a result, the land surface temperature of the high ratio and change rate of urban area was significantly higher than the surrounding area around $3^{\circ}C$ to $4^{\circ}C$, and the heat island potential was also higher around $4^{\circ}C$ to $5^{\circ}C$. However, the heat island phenomenon was alleviated in urban areas with high rate of change that also show high green area ratio. Therefore, we demonstrated that dense urban area increases the possibility of inducing heat island, but it can mitigate the heat island through green areas.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 1996.03a
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• pp.1-23
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• 1996

투과증발(Pervaporation)이란 어원적으로 "permeation"과 "evaporation"의 합성어인데 액체혼합물이 치밀한 비다공질막을 통해 이동하는 동안 증기화되면서 분리되는 막분리 공정이다. 이 공정에서 막 한쪽면은 액체공급액과 접하고 있고 다른 한쪽면은 낮은 투과물의 증기압과 접하고 있는데 낮은 증기압은 진공(vacuum pervaporation)을 가하거나 혹은 불활성의 담체가스(sweep gas pervaporation)를 흐르게 하므로써 얻을 수 있다. 이때 막 내부에 트과증발막공정의 추진력인 화학 포텐셜(chemical potential) 구배가 발생하여 막을 통한 물질투과가 이루어지는데 각 투과성분의 투과속도는 투과성분과 막재료간의 물리화학적 인력에 의해 결정된다.의 물리화학적 인력에 의해 결정된다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.106 no.3
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• pp.288-299
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• 2017

This study was conducted to find out the influence of drought stress on physiological responses of Synurus deltoides. Drought stress was induced by withholding water for 25 days. Leaf water potentials were decreased of both predawn (${\Psi}_{pd}$) and mid-day (${\Psi}_{mid}$) with increasing drought stress, but water saturation dificit (WSD) was 7 times increased. ${\Psi}_{pd}-{\Psi}_{mid}$ showed the significant difference of 0.22~0.18 MPa in stressed before 10 days, and nonsignificant as treatment time became longer. A strong reduction of stomatal conductance ($gH_2O$) and stomatal transpiration rate (E) were observed after 15 days of drought stress Significant reductions of net apparent quantum yield (${\Phi}$) and maximum photosynthesis rate ($Pn_{max}$) were observed after 20 days of drought stress; However, water use efficiency (WUE) was shown the opposite trend. This implies that decrease of photosynthesis rate may be due to an inability to regulate water and $CO_2$ exchanged through the stomata. From JIP analysis, flux ratios (${\Psi}_O$ and ${\Phi}_{EO}$) and performance index on absorption basis ($PI_{ABS}$) were dramatically decreased withholding water after 15 days, which reflects the relative reduction of photosystem II activity. The leaf of S. deltoides showed osmotic adjustment of -0.35 MPa at full turgor and -0.40 MPa at zero turgor, and also cell-wall elastic adjustment of 9.4 MPa, indicating that S. deltoides tolerate drought stress through osmotic adjustment and cell-wall elastic adjustment. The degree of change in water relations parameters such as Vo/DW, Vt/DW decreased with increasing drought stress. This result showed that S. deltoides was exhibited a strong reduction of photosynthetic activity to approximately -0.93 MPa of predawn leaf water potential, and both of osmotic adjustment and cell-wall elastic adjustment in drought stress condition appears to be an important adaptation for restoration in this species.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.1910-1913
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• 2006

To solve the interaction of incident monochromatic waves with a bottom-fixed vertical circular cylinder, a numerical analysis by boundary element method is developed using three-dimensional linear potential theory. A numerical analysis by boundary element method is based on Green's theorem and introduce to an integral equation for the fluid velocity potential around the vertical circular cylinder. These numerical results are compared with those of ManCamy and Fuchs(1954) and Williams and Mansour(2002), and it has shown good relationship with their results. This numerical analysis developed by boundary element method will be applied for various offshore structures to be constructed in coastal zones in the future.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.977-985
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• 2011

Airborne separation assurance is a key requirement for Free Flight Airspace operations, This paper study the feasibility of airborne separation assurance for free flight Airspaces operations by evaluating the efficiency measurement models. Three qualitatively different methods are utilized; one based Ground and Air conflict probability model, other based Dynamic Density model. the other based Direct operating cost model. The evaluation is Direct Operating Cost model and Two metrics are utilized for the efficiency measurements; airborne separation assurance performed quite well in the Free Flight evaluation; (1) 2 scenario of the conflict situations are resolved; (2) The MD-80 flight peformed separation assurance and efficiency, Not only appling for geometric method algorithm is more efficiently than potential method, but also the most efficiently geometric combined method.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.16-22
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• 2003

Zeta potential measurements of colloid particles suspended in a liquid are performed by a Zeta Meter developed. There are many applications of colloid stability in spray technology, paints, wastewater treatment, and pharmaceuticalse. Zeta potentials of charged particles are obtained by measuring the electrophoretic velocities of the particles using video enhanced microscopy and image analysis program. The values of zeta potential of polystyrene latex(PSL), $silica(SiO_2)$M, polyvinylidence difluoride(PVDF), silicon nitride, and alumina particles in deionized (DI) water were measured to be -40.5, -31.9, -25.2, -15.1 and -10.1mV, respectively. The particles having high zeta potential less than -20 mV are stable in DI water, because the double layers of them have strong repulsive forces mutually, and the particles having low zeta potential over -20mV are unstable due to Van Der Waals forces. Silica(>20nm), PSL, aluminum and PVDF particles were found to be stable that would remain separate and well disperse, while silicon nitride and alumina particles were found to be unstable that would gradually agglomerate in DI water.