• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.207-221
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• 2016

As greater numbers of fill dams and reservoirs become old, the risks of damage or embankment collapse increases. However, few studies have considered the deterioration and hazard classification of the internal core layers of fill dams. This study reports the results of geotechnical investigations of 13 earth-cored fill dams in Korea, based on no-water borehole drilling, Standard Penetration Test, and 2D and 3D electrical resistivity surveys along with in situ and laboratory testing. High-capacity no-water boring minimized core layer disturbance while providing continuous core sample recovery. The results allow the classification of potential hazards related to the existing core layers based on both visual inspection of the recovered samples and the results of engineering surveys and tests. Four types of potential hazard are classified: locally fluidized core with a high water content, rapid water inflow to a borehole, cores with granular materials, and relatively low stiffness of core. Among these, the locally fluidized core is the most critical hazard that requires remedial action because it is related to the potential internal flow path and internal erosion. The other three hazard types are of medium importance and require careful monitoring and regular inspection. Of note, there was no correlation between age and core deterioration. The results are expected to aid the safe management and potential upgrading of aging cored fill dams.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 1993

It is important to improve the germination of grass seeds because they are poor germination under water stress. This experiment was conducted to investigate the response of seeds pre-treated individually with Polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG) and growth regulators(GA$_3$, Kinetin, NAA) on the germination characteristics when two levels of osmotic potential (0, -5 bar) were put to seeds of Orchardgrass. In the untreated seeds, the total germination rate was decreased under water stress, and the mean germination time was delayed. Priming of Orchardgrass seeds using PEG or GA$_3$ resulted in improved germination under water stress(-5 bar), whereas the opposite was true of kinetin or NAA. The response of seeds primed in solutions of either -15 bar PEG or 100 ppm GA$_3$ was particulary marked compared with the untreated seeds. It is suggested that PEG and GA$_3$ may have positive regulatory effects in triggering the system for water stress alleviation. But the inhibitory effect of the water stress was not completely removed by allowing the seeds to pre-treat in solution of PEG or GA$_3$.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2005

Glutaric acidemia (GA) type II is a very rare inherited disorder that have no accruate figure on its icidende. People with Glutaric acidemia type II have an enzyme that does not work properly. Two specific enzymes are associated with Glutaric acidemia type II:1. Electron transfer flavoprotein (ETF), 2. ETF-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (ETF-QO). Both of these enzymes have similar functions in the body, and children with Glutaric acidemia type II may lack one or the other of these enzymes. They play an important role in breaking down fats and proteins, and help the body to produce energy. GA II clinically manifested as (1) neonatal onset with congenital anomalies (2) neonatal onset without anomalies, and (3) mild and/or later onset. The first two groups are sometimes said to have multiple acyl CoA dehydrogenation deficiency-severe and the third to have multiple acyl CoA dehydrogenation deficiency-mild. The course and age at presentation of later-onset glutaric acidemia type II is extremely variable, therefore it is difficult to diagnosis. We experienced one case of late onset form glutaric acidemia type II with afebrile status epilepticus-like convulsion.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 2000

In this study, ohmic heating was applied for pasteurization of red pepper pow-der, and investigated its pasteurization effect. After pasteurization, seasoned squid-jeotkal was manufactured by using red pepper powder, and its quality changes were investigated. On com-paring sensory evaluation in squid-jeotkal by pasteurized and conventional red pepper powder during storage at 5, 16 and $25^{\circ}C$, quality changes in squid-jeotkal by the pasteurized red pepper powder. But quality change difference between two products were decrease with increasing stor-age temperature. Viable cell counts in two products stored at 5$^{\circ}C$ were increased slowly until 60 days. Viable cell counts in squid-jeotkal by conventional red pepper powder were increased up to ca. 10$^{8}$ CFU/g at 15, 25 $^{\circ}C$ after 30, 15 days, respectively, but that by pasteurized were ca. 10$^{8}$ CFU/g at $25^{\circ}C$ after 30 days. Changes in pH, VBN and NH$_2$-N in two products were shown difference significantly, but were decreased by increasing storage temperature. In squid-jeotkal by conventional red pepper powder, the main free amino acids were glutamic acid, leucine, glycine, aspartic acid and alanine, and these amino acids held 47.95% of the total free amino acid. But in squid-jeotkal by pasteurized red pepper powder, glutamic acid, glycine, aspartic acid, leucine and Iysine, and these amino acids held 57.58% of the total free amino acids.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.110-116
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• 1997

Growth curves of seven strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Kimchi were graphed during cultivation at 1$0^{\circ}C$, 2$0^{\circ}C$, 3$0^{\circ}C$ and 4$0^{\circ}C$ in filter sterilized Chinese cabbage juice, and then lag time and generation time at each conditions were calcurated. At 3$0^{\circ}C$, the lag time of Leu. mesenteroides subsp. dextranicum was 168 min(minutes), Leu. mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides 204 min, Leu. paramesenteroides 612 min, Lac. bavaricus 258 min, Lac. homohiochii 228 min, Lac. plantarum 270 min and Lac. brevis 264 min. And at this temperature, the generation times of Leu. mesenteroides subsp. dextranicum and Leu. mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides were all 36 min, Lac. bavaricus 33 min, Lac. homohiochii 39 min, Lac. plantarum 66 min, Lac. brevis 42 min and Leu. paramesenteroides 162 min. As cultural temperature was lowed from 3$0^{\circ}C$ to 1$0^{\circ}C$, all strains showed remarkable prolongations in lag time and in generation time, and the prolongations were most conspicuous in Lac. plantarum. At 1$0^{\circ}C$, 2$0^{\circ}C$ and 3$0^{\circ}C$, both the lag time and the generation time of Leu. mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides were shorter than those of Lac. plantarum. But at 4$0^{\circ}C$, this pattern was completely inverted. As a whole lower temperatures were more favorable for the growth of Leu. mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides, while higher temperatures were for Lac. plantarum.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 1992

Annual changes of nutrient intakes of Koreans and Japanese were compared on the basis of the data from the National Nutrition Survey which has been carried out annually in Korea (1969-1988) and in Japan (1950-1988) for the guide of the future food and nutrition policy. Intakes of all nutrients except carbohydrate and protein by Koreans were lower than those of Japanese in 1988. The intake of lipid by Koreans was less than one half of the intake by Japanese. The intake of protein has been increased to 79.2g in Korea and 91.6g in Japan, of which 49% and 52.6% were provided by the animal sources in Korea and Japan, respectively, in 1988. In terms of consumption of the energy nutrients, the percentage of carbohydrate has been decreased, while those of protein and lipid have been increased in both countries. In 1988, the ratios of energy intakes by carbohydrate, protein and lipid were 67 : 19 : 14 in Korea and 59 : 15 : 26 in Japan. Considering the desired ratio, 65 : 15 : 20, the intake of carbohydrate seems to be still high and that of lipid still low for Koreans. The food supply has been increased in both countries and the supply of animal food, oil and fat were greater in Japan than in Korea.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.173-182
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• 1999

Contrast-enhanced CT has an important role in assessing liver lesions, the optimal protocol to get most effective result is not clear. The mein goal when deciding injention protocol is to optimize lesion detectability with rapid scanning when lesion to liver contrast is maximum. For this purpose, we developed a physiological model of the contrast medium enhancement based on the compartment modeling and pharmacokinetics. Blood supply to liver is achieved in two paths. This dual supply characteristic distinguishes the CT enhancement of liver from that of the other organs. The first path is by hepatic artery and to second, by portal vein. However, it is assumed that only gepatic artery can supply blood to hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) compartment, thus, the difference of contrast enhancement is resulted between normal liver tissue and hepatic tumor. By solving differential equations for each compartment simultaneously using the computer program Matlab, CT contrast-enhancement curves were simulated. The simulated enhancement curves for aortic, hepatic, portal vein, and HCC compartments were compared with the mean enhancement curves from 24 patients exposed to the same protocols as the simulation. These enhancement curves showed a good agreement. Furthermore, we simulated lesion-to-liver curves for various injection protocols, and the effects were analyzed. The variables to be considered in the injection protocol were injection rate, dose, and concentration of contrast material. These data may help to optimize scanning protocols for better diagnosis.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.371-376
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• 1992

The growth and cultural characteristics of Bacillus sp. SH-8 and SH-8M were investigated at various pH conditions. Bacillus sp. SH-8 showed normal growth pattern above pH 9.0. However, with the pH adjusted below 7.7, 0.$D_{550}$ decreased rapidly with concomitant reduction in viable cell numbers. In contrast, Bacillus sp. SH-8M demonstrated growth capability at pH 7.7, but with slightly reduced growth rate at pH 6.9. Similar results were obtained when those two strains were cultivated on the solid medium. Both of them showed short rod shapes at pH 10.2. However, at pH 7.7 only Bacillus sp. SH-8 was observed to have elongated rod shape. Extracellular pH of both the strains, when cultured at initial pH of 10.2, reached to 9.0 after the incubation of 28 hours. At the initial pH of 9.0 and 9.6, the extracellular pH was reduced at the beginning of cultivation, but elevated after 12 hours. When cultured at initial pH of 6.9 and 7.7, extracelluar pH of Bacillus sp. SH-8M increased to 8.0 and 8.7, respectively, while that of Bacillus sp. SH8 remained constant pH 7.0. The highest sporulation rate of Bacillus sp. SH-8 and SH-8M was obtained at the initial pH of 10.2 and after the incubation of 3 days with the sporulation rate of 95% and 85%, respectively.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.342-348
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• 2010

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the shear bond strengths (SBS) of orthodontic brackets bonded to enamel with a self-etching primer after bleaching, desensitizer application and combined treatment. Methods: Forty-eight premolars were randomly divided into four groups, each with n = 12 premolar samples. The four groups were; Group1: 15% hydrogen-peroxide office bleaching agent (Illumin$\acute{e}$ Office-IO), Group 2: IO + BisBlock Oxalate Dentin-Desensitizer, Group 3: Bis Block Oxalate Dentin-Desensitizer, Group 4: No treatment (control). Twenty-four hours after bonding, the specimens were tested in SBS at a crosshead speed of 5 mm/min until the brackets debonded. The failure mode of the brackets was determined by a modified adhesive remnant index. Results: Bleaching, bleaching and desensitizer treatment, and desensitizer treatment alone all significantly reduced SBS of the orthodontic brackets ($p$ = 0.001). No statistically significant difference was found between Group 1, Group 2 and Group 3 (Group 1-Group 2, $p$ = 0.564; Group 1-Group 3, $p$ = 0.371; Group 2-Group 3, $p$ = 0.133). The predominant mode of failure for the treatment groups (Group1, Group 2 and Group 3) was at the enamel-adhesive interface leaving 100% of the adhesive on the bracket base. Conclusions: Bleaching and desensitizer treatment should be delayed until the completion of orthodontic treatment.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.6 no.3 s.12
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• pp.1-7
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• 1990

The physicochemical properties of acorn and chestnut starches were investigated. The shape of two starches granules was the rounded trianglar and some elliptical, but that of chestnut was less rounded. Water binding capacity of acorn was 191% and that of chestnut was 200%. Gel volume of chestnut started to increase from $55^{\circ}C$, and was higher value in all temperature range. Amylose of chestnut starch was leached more than that of acorn to $90^{\circ}C$. and reversely from $90^{\circ}C$ to $100^{\circ}C$. The blue value and amylose content of acorn and chestnut starches were 0.464, 0.440 and 24.8%, 22.5 respectively. According to Brabender Amylogram, gelatinization temperature and peak. hot and cold viscosity were $68.5^{\circ}C$, 1010, 910, 1470 BU for acorn and $63.7^{\circ}C$, 1480, 1000, 1080 BU for chestnut. Peak temperature and gelatinization enthalpy were $67.0^{\circ}C$ 3.64 cal/g for acorn, and $66.0^{\circ}C$, 2.82 ca1/g for chestnut. X-ray diffraction patterns of two starches were A-types but chestnut had some B-type character.