• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.47 no.11
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• pp.1077-1086
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• 2014

The flood wave generated due to dam break is affected by initial depth upstream since it is related with hydraulic characteristics propagating downstream, and flow resistance stress has influence on the celerity, travel distance, and approaching depth of shock wave in implementing numerical simulation. In this study, a shallow water flow model employing SU/PG scheme was developed and verified by analytic solutions; propagation characteristics of dam break according to flow resistance and initial depth were analyzed. When bottom frictional stress was applied, the flow depth was relatively higher while the travel distance of shock wave was shorter. In the case of Coulomb stress, the flow velocity behind the location of dam break became lower compared with other cases, and showed values between no stress and turbulent stress at the reach of shock wave. The value of Froude number obtained by no frictional stress at the discontinuous boundary was the closest to 1.0 regardless of initial depth. The adaption of Coulomb stress gave more appropriate results compared with turbulent stress at low initial depth. However, as the initial depth became increased, the dominance of flow resistance terms was weakened and the opposite result was observed.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.276-280
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• 2007

This study investigated the physicochemical properties of traditional Olbyeossal(Korean-style parboiled waxy rice) and other rices(dried cooked rice, germinated brown rice, and waxy brown rice). Olbyeossal had a moisture content of 12.7% a crude fat level of 1.0%, a crude ash content of 0.9%, and a crude protein value of 6.3%. The color values were 58.63(L value), 0.83(a value) and 21.73(b value). The water adsorption index(WAI) of Olbyeossal was 6.2g/g after 40 min steeping at room temperature, which was much higher than the WAI of the other rices. The hardness of Olbyeossal(10.5 kgf) was higher than those of other rices($7.5{\sim}8.9$ kgf). The initial pasting temperatures of Olbyeossal, dried cooked rice(DCR), germinated brown rice(GBR) and waxy brown rice(WBR) were $39.5^{\circ}C,\;43.5^{\circ}C,\;65.0^{\circ}C,\;and\;64.5^{\circ}C$, respectively. The breakdown and total setback viscosities of Olbyeossal(70 B.U., 50 B.U.) and WBR(10 B.U., 30 B.U.) were lower than those of DCR(120 B.U., 275 B.U.) and GBR(142 B.U., 340 B.U.).

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.878-885
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• 2009

Serum ferritin levels are elevated in subjects with acute lung injury (ALI), and abnormalities in plasma and lung iron chemistry have also been demonstrated in ALI and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Stress-inducible heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), as well as ferritin, had shown anti-inflammatory actions. Biomarkers for early detection in patients who are likely to develop ARDS would give several therapeutic chances to the patients. In order to verify the predictability in severe hemorrhage-induced ALI in rats, we measured serum ferritin and HO-1 concentrations before and after hemorrhage. Severe hemorrhages significantly increased the number of leukocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and lung tissue myeloperoxidase activity. Both serum ferritin and HO-1 levels increased following hemorrhage, but ferritin levels were elevated earlier than HO-1. In BAL cell immunohistochemical studies, ferritin and HO-1 expressions increased after hemorrhage and localized in the cytoplasm of leukocytes. These findings suggest that inflammatory leukocytes in BAL fluid can secrete ferritin and HO-1, and serum ferritin levels might be more valid factor in predicting ARDS than HO-1 levels in hemorrhage-induced ALI.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.7-16
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• 1987

A study was undertaken to investigate the absorption, translocation and metabolism of carbofuran in rice paddies. Ring-3-$^{14}C-carbofuran$ applied onto the paddy soil surface was rapidly absorbed and translocated into rice plants. Within 2 days after treatment, it was observed that carbofuran reached shoot tips and accumulated. More than 15% of total radioactivity was recovered in rice plant from 3 to 20 days after treatment. In organic soluble fraction of rice plant extract, 3-hydroxycarbofuran was the major metabolite recording 43% and 4% of total organic soluble radioactivity in shoot and root at 20 days respectively. 3-Ketocarbofuran and phenolic metabolites including carbofuran phenol, 3-hydroxycarbofuran phenol and 3-ketocarbofuran phenol were also detected in the organic soluble fractions. Some glycosidic conjugates of carbofuran metabolites were found in water soluble fraction of rice plant extract and 3-hydroxycarbofuran was the most abundant aglycone. Radioactivity in paddy soil was rapidly decreased until 3 days after treatment and then maintained almost constant level. A significant portion (42∼56 %) of the total radioactivity remained in soil as nonextractable residue from 5 to 20 days after treatment. The nonextractable radioactivity was mainly located in soil organic matter distributing in humin, fulvic acid and humic acid fractions with the decreasing order. Evolution of $^{14}CO_2$ from ring cleavage of $3-^{14}C-carbofuran$ was negligible recording only 1.8% of total radioactivity during 20 days after treatment.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.70-80
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• 2000

Princeton Ocean Model (POM) is modified to construct a three-dimensional, semi-implicit hydro¬dynamic model with a wetting-and-drying scheme. The model employs semi-implicit treatment of the barotropic pressure gradient terms and the vertical mixing terms in the momentum equations, and the velocity divergence term in the vertically-integrated continuity equation. Such treatment removes the external mode and thus the mode splitting scheme in POM, allowing the semi-implicit model to use a larger time step. Applied to hypothetical systems, both the semi-implicit model and POM give nearly the same results. The semi-implicit model, however, runs approximately 4.4 times faster than POM showing its improved computational efficiency. Applied to a hypothetical system with intertidal flats, POM employing the mode splitting scheme produces noises at the intertidal flats, that propagate into the main channel resulting in unstable current velocities. Despite its larger time step, the semi-implicit model gives stable current velocities both at the intertidal flats and main channel. The semi-implicit model when applied to Kyeonggi Bay gives a good reproduction of the observed tides and tidal currents throughout the modeling domain, demonstrating its prototype applicability.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.134-141
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• 2018

Numerical simulations were carried out to investigate the flow velocity changes in the flow field due to the variation in the thickness of the upper part of the shroud tidal power generation system. In this study, it was performed under constant flow velocity condition. In addition, performance analysis of shroud was performed under the same conditions. As the height of the upper part increases, the flow velocity rate gradually increases, and it tends to decrease at a certain height. As a result of analyzing the shape of the blade and the shape of the blade combined with the shroud, the torque of the blade increased due to the increase of the flow rate by the shroud system. It is expected that the shape of the structure obtained by this study and the analysis of the flow velocity distribution in the flow field can provide the data necessary for the development of an efficient shroud tidal power generation system.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.343-352
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• 2004

Under the production system of a free market economy, the modern consumers'goods that feature current trends reveal diverse aspects of the whole society and culture. This phenomenon is progressing at such a rapid speed that theories can barely keep up to explain it dearly. It is believed that the reason for the lag in academic theories is the formation of pluralistic values in human lifestyles due to the development of science and information communication. The pluralism of values in contemporary society is being studied in many academic fields, and the design among these fields often sees such a phenomenon as one of the post-modernism concepts, where post-modernism suggests a diversification and dismantling of modernism. In other words, the current design is closely watching products that are totally different from existing products, from complex and conceptual outcomes in the field of design to products that reflect various trends. Thus, it is true that package design, which proactively reflects current trends, freely traverses among specific domains of various fields that have been determined tacitly. It is also believed that other fields are also reflecting the same developments. Such a phenomenon is strikingly revealed with so-called 'fancy products', while other products 'parody' package design. This study sees the phenomenon as dismantling the border between product design and package design. The examined package design reflects the broader characteristics of the times, based on current concepts and meanings, after reviewing design examples.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.212-217
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• 1996

Molecular structural Properties of Potato starches from Irish cobbler(mealy Potato), Dejima(waxy or soggy potato) and Shepody were investigated. iodine reaction of Irish cobbler, Sephody and Dejima starches were 0.45, 0.44 and 0.43. ${\beta}-amylolysis$ limit of the starches was not different between the three potato types. The percentage of each fraction was different among samples : in general, Dejima starch had higher proportion of $F1(more\;than\;{\overline}{DP})$, $F2({\overline}{DP}40{\sim}50)$ and lower proportion of $F3({\overline}{DP}15{\sim}20)$ than those of Irish cobbler starch. When the starch was heated in excess water at $98^{\circ}C$ for 8min, the yield of hot water-soluble starch were higher in waxy type than in mealy one. Each potato variety showed different gel chromatography pattern of the hot water soluble starch. When the potato starches were hydrolyzed with 2.2N HCI at $37^{\circ}C$ for 48 hr, the molecular weight of the starch was decreased.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.554-562
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• 1995

Effect of the modification of rice protein by protease and 2-mercaptoethanol on physicochemical and gelatinization properties was investigated for the three cultuvars of rice. Total amylose contents of Chucheongbyeo(japonica type), Chosengtongilbyeo(tongil type, indica x japonica) and IR 36 (indica type) were in the range of $20{\sim}25%$. Total amylose and insoluble amylose content of IR 36 were higher than the others. The differential scanning calorimetric and X-ray diffraction results revealed higher relative crystallinity of IR 36 than the others. Water uptake was increased and amylographic viscosity was significantly decreased by 2-mercaptoethanol treatment. Amylographic viscosity was significantly decreased and hot water-soluble carbohydrate content was increased by protease treatment. The proportions of high molecular weight of soluble carbohydrate fractionated by gel filtration chromatography were increased by protease treatment. These effects were most significant in IR 36. This results suggested that starch gelatinization be accelerated by alteration of the protein with protease and reducing agent.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.2 s.271
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• pp.97-102
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• 2007

Background: Endovenous laser treatment has recently been introduced as a less invasive technique, with many good results reported, A 980-nm diode laser was used on the great saphenous vein (GSV) occlusions in patients with varicose veins, due to GSV reflux, and the therapeutic effects analyzed. Material and Method: Between September 2003 and February 2006, 238 patients (332 cases) with GSV reflux underwent endovenous laser treatment with a 980-nm diode laser. Operative procedures were simultaneous endovenous laser treatment and ambulatory phlebectomy. The preoperative clinical findings, postoperative complications and postoperative duplex US follow up results at 1 and 3 months were reviewed. Result: Postoperative complications were ecchymosis in almost cases, paresthesia 68 cases (20.5%) and skin burn in 3 cases (0.9%). Follow up duplex US revealed 26 and 10 cases at 1 and 3 months of GSV reflux or partial recanalization, with therapeutic success rates of 91.3 and 87.9%, respectively. Conclusion: The treatment of GSV occlusion with an endovenous laser is less invasive than traditional GSV stripping, but relatively high recanalization was experienced, possibly due to inadequate laser power, laser fiber pullback speed or an extremely dilated GSV. However, continuous attempts will be required to reduce the recanalization after the procedure, with accurate follow up using duplex US.