• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.49-55
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• 2004

A soil enrichment LYF-1 culture from a contaminated site, which could reductively dechlorinate 900 $\mu$M (ca. 150 mg/L) of tetrachloroethylene (PCE) stoichimetrically into cis-1,2-dichloroethylene (cis-DCE), was established and characterized. The enrichment culture can use yeast extract, peptone, formate, acetate, lactate, pyruvate, citrate, succinate, glucose, sucrose, and ethanol as electron donors for dechlorination of PCE. Addition of NO$_2$$^{[-10]}$ and NO$_3$$^{[-10]}$ as alternative electron acceptors showed complete inhibition of PCE dechlorination, but S$_2$O$_3$$^{-2}$ , SO$_3$$^{-2}$ and SO$_4$$^{-2}$ had no significant effect on PCE dechlorination. The enrichment culture was attached to ceramic media in an anaerobic fixed-bed reactor. The fixed-bed reactor showed more than 99％ of PCE degradation in the range of PCE loading rate of 0.13-0.78 $\mu$moles/L/hr. The major end product of PCE dechlorination was cis-DCE.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.35-41
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• 2018

Experiments were performed on 140 ml hexane pool fire extinguishment using a twin-fluid nozzle. For this pool fire, the area of the fire source (round shape of 80 mm in diameter) was $0.005027m^2$ and the measured heat release rate was 2.81 kW. The flow rates of water and gas (air and nitrogen) supplied to the twin-fluid nozzle were 156-483 g/min (~0.156-0.483 l/min) and 30-70 l/min, respectively. In the present experimental ranges, the high gas flow rate conditions led to the successful extinguishing of the pool fire. Under the low gas flow rate conditions in the extinguishment regime, the extinguishment time was long and the estimated water consumption was high. Under high gas flow rate conditions, however, the water flow rate conditions did not appear to have a great impact on the extinguishment time and estimated water consumption. On the other hand, in the present experimental ranges, the types of supply gas did not appear to affect the extinguishable flow rate condition, extinguishment time, and estimated water consumption. Finally, using the present experimental results with previous ones using a single-fluid nozzle, the water consumption of twin-fluid and single-fluid nozzles for extinguishing a 140 ml hexane pool fire were preliminarily compared and discussed.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.51-63
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• 2000

Ten Dongs were selected according to the systematic cluster sampling in Koryong Gun, and the survey was conducted on 571 women in the age between 30-69 years. The first survey was performed for 6 days between August 27 to September 1, 1999 with the investigation rate of 60.3%, and the second survey was performed in November with the investigation rate of 91.8%. The contents of survey included demographic characteristics, health behaviors, dyspepsia symptom score, sleeping induction time and the degree of sleep satisfaction, and degree of stress in the subjects. The dyspepsia symptom score was in the average 13.4 points out of a total 44 points and was the highest in the 50-59 year-old age group with 13.9 points. The sleep induction time was in the average of 35 minutes and was the highest in the 50-59 year-old age group with 40.9 minutes; the degree of sleep satisfaction was in the average of 7.9 points and was the lowest in the 50-59 year-old age group with 7.5 points. The stress score was in the average of 18.3 points and was highest in those subjects in their 40's and 50's with 18.7 points. When the correlation among the stress score, the degree of sleep satisfaction and dyspepsia symptom score was analyzed, the results showed that he stress score and the degree of sleep satisfaction showed a significant negative correlation and that the stress score and dyspepsia symptom score showed a significant positive correlation. Also, a significant negative correlation was found between the degree of sleep satisfaction and dyspepsia symptom score. According to each age group, a significant correlation was revealed among the stress score, dyspepsia symptom score and the degree of sleep satisfaction in those subjects over 40 years of age compared to those subjects who were younger than 40 years of age. As for educational level, the correlation among the stress score, the degree of sleep satisfaction and dyspepsia symptom score was higher in those subjects with less than middle school education compared to those subjects with more than high school education. When those factors that effects on the dyspepsia symptom score were analyzed with multiple regression, the results showed that the level of stress and chronic diseases were selected as significant variables. When those factors that affected on the degree of sleep satisfaction were analyzed, the sleep induction time and presence of chronic diseases and stress were selected as significant variables. Those women in their 50's who live in rural areas showed the highest level of stress, lowest the degree of sleep satisfaction, and highest level of dyspepsia, indicating that they need stress management. Also, since stress was showed to be a significant variable effecting on dyspepsia or the degree of sleep satisfaction, it is concluded that health promotion is possible through stress management. More studies are needed in the future on coping resources that would strengthen coping against stress, and by conducting studies on stress and related factors on community people, the measures of mental health promotion need to be developed.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.27-34
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• 2004

We have conducted a numerical simulation under three-dimensional unsteady conditions in order to analyze the effect of flow and CO₂ mass transfer according to the distance between the CO₂ nozzle of CO₂ fire fighting system and the rear wall in a protection space. Flow fields and CO₂ concentration fields were measured. The different recirculation flow form and wall jet was developed according to increasing the distance between CO₂ nozzles and rear wall. In all the case, CO₂ mass transfer was generated toward the center of a protection space from each walls, but the CO₂ mass fraction of front and rear areas based on CO₂ nozzles showed higher or lower by increasing the distance between CO₂ nozzle and rear wall.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.61-70
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• 2002

A fire extinguishing agent containing non-ionic surfactant which is environmentally friendly and low cost was prepared and tested its characteristics and fire fighting performance. Ethoxylated sorbitol septaoleate, containing 40 moles of ethylene oxide as the primary surfactant, linear ethoxylated secondary alcohol, containing 7-11 moles ethylene oxide as the secondary surfactant, and ethoxylated sorbitol trioleate, containing 40-50 moles of ethylene oxide were used in the agent. It is demonstrated that the water solution containing 6 wt％ agent is capable to extinguish gasoline fire when it is put into the fire four times as much as gasoline. According to the field test of class B fire with a unit 1, it is found that the fire fighting performance is directly proportional to the concentration of surfactant in the agent.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2014.11a
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• pp.7-8
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• 2014

The smart fire detection and automatic extinguish device interface platform based on thermal imaging camera that early monitors fire is designed and implemented in this paper. If a fire occurs in some area, the developed system can detect and automatically extinguish the fire. The major functions for developing the system are: Image system and Viewer for fire detection based on Thermal imaging camera and Megapixel camera; Automatic extinuish device for early fir detection; Interface platform between monitoring systems and automatic extinguish device.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.506-509
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• 2011

압축공기 포는 공기포혼합기를 사용하여 약제와 물 그리고 압축공기를 혼합하여 방출하는 방식으로, 물의 확보가 곤란한 장소라도 소화 효율을 높이는 시스템으로서 주목되고 있으며, 현재 해외 선진국에서는 이미 개발되어 상용화 되어있다. 본 연구에서는 국제적 기준에 따른 압축공기포소화설비의 성능평가시험을 위해 미국, 캐나다 등에서 채택한 UL-162 시험방법을 적용하여 시험을 수행하였으며, 그 결과 기존의 포소화시스템과 압축공기포소화시스템의 성능비교시험을 통해 압축공기포가 기존의 포소화방식 보다 소화성능이 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.88-97
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• 2013

Objectives : 본 연구를 통해 정신과적, 소화기성으로 유발된 히스테리성 구를 반하백출천마탕과 자음건비탕으로 치료한 1례를 보고하려 한다. Methods : 오심, 불면, 이명, 소화불량, 초조, 두통, 매핵기를 주소로 하는 23세 여성 환자를 대상으로 약 4개월 동안 침구, 반하백출천마탕과 자음건비탕으로 치료하였다. Results & Conclusions : 4개월 동안의 치료 후, 히스테리성 구와 다른 증상들이 소실되었다. 이 논문에서는, 소화기계 장애와 정신 질환 치료를 위해 오랫동안 사용되어온 반하백출천마탕과 자음건비탕을 히스테리성 구 치료에 이용하였다. 결론적으로, 본 연구는 히스테리성 구와 소화기계 장애가 밀접한 관련이 있음과 히스테리성 구에 대한 한의학적 치료의 중요성을 제시하였다.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.1-7
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• 2018

This study the effect of pyrolysis products ABC dry chemical and of monoammonium phosphate on wood surface. When the pyrolysis product was removed from the wood surface, monoammonium phosphate was removed due to the high viscosity of the transparent pyrolysis product, but the ABC dry chemical was removed in a lump form. Thermal analysis showed that the pyrolysis characteristics of each sample were similar but the weight of pyrolysis residue was 55.9% for ABC dry chemical and 25.2% for monoammonium phosphate. The additives added to the ABC dry chemical also affect the weight of the pyrolysis residue and the fire protection effect of metaphosphoric acid.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.71-75
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• 2010

Production of crude glycerol from biodiesel industry is expected to exceed the commercial demand for purified glycerol in the near future. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of co-digestion of crude glycerol with swine manure. Crude glycerol up to 13.8 g/L was regarded as a good co-substrate for swine manure digester. It improved methane production and productivity by 90% and 120%, respectively. Methane yield of crude glycerol at the condition was estimated to be 232 mL/g. However, it inhibited methanogenic activity at above 27.5 g/L. Optimum concentration of crude glycerol for co-digestion with swine manure would be near to 13.8 g/L.