• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.153-160
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• 2009

Pisidium (Neopisidium) coreanum is a freshwater snail and lives in spring water near mountain areas. Interestingly, this snail has been traditionally regarded as medicinal food, and thus has been used as folk remedies for healing broken bones. Recently, alpha classification on Pisidium (Neopisidium) coreanum through redescription has been conducted. However, not much attention has been made in beta classification. In this study, we performed the beta classification based on metallothionein (MT) genes found from various organisms. To this end, the complete cDNA sequences were obtained from the Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) sequencing project of Pisidium (Neopisidium) coreanum. The coding region (315 bp) encoded an amino acid sequence of 105 residues. The combined results from BLAST analyses, multiple sequence alignment and molecular phylogenetic study of Pc-MT gene indicate that Pisidium (Neopisidium) coreanum has similarity to freshwater bivalve such as Dreissena polymorpha (zebra mussel), Unio tumidus (swollen river mussel) and Crassostrea ariakensis (suminoe oyster).

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2001

The quantification analysis of renal scintigraphy is strongly affected by the location, shape and size of region of interest(ROI). When ROIs are drawn manually, these ROIs are not reproducible due to the operators' subjective point of view, and may lead to inconsistent results even if the same data were analyzed. In this study, the effect of the ROI variation on the analysis of renal scintigraphy when the ROIs are drawn manually was investigated, and in order to obtain more consistent results, methods for automated ROI definition were developed and the results from the application of the developed methods were analyzed. Relative renal function, glomerular filtration rate and mean transit time were selected as clinical parameters for the analysis of the effect of ROI and the analysis tools were designed with the programming language of IDL5.2. To obtain renal scintigraphy, $^{99m}$Tc-DTPA was injected to the 11 adults of normal condition and to study the inter-operator variability, 9 researchers executed the analyses. The calculation of threshold using the gradient value of pixels and border tracing technique were used to define renal ROI and then the background ROI and aorta ROI were defined automatically considering anatomical information and pixel value. The automatic methods to define renal ROI were classified to 4 groups according to the exclusion of operator's subjectiveness. These automatic methods reduced the inter-operator variability remarkably in comparison with manual method and proved the effective tool to obtain reasonable and consistent results in analyzing the renal scintigraphy quantitatively.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.267-272
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• 2010

Screw-in effect is one of the unintended phenomena that occurs during the root canal preparation with nickel-titanium rotary files. The aim of this study was to compare the screw-in effect among various nickel-titanium rotary file systems. Six different nickel-titanium rotary instruments (ISO 20/.06 taper) were used: $K3^{TM}$ (SybronEndo, Glendora, CA, USA), $M_{two}$ (VDW GmbH, Munchen, Germany), NRT with safe-tip and with active tip (Mani Inc., Shioya-gun, Japan), ProFile$^{(R)}$ (Dentsply-Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) and ProTaper$^{(R)}$ (Dentsply-Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland). For ProTaper$^{(R)}$, S2 was selected because it has size 20. Root canal instrumentations were done in sixty simulated single-curved resin root canals with a rotational speed of 300 rpm and single pecking motion. A special device was designed to measure the force of screw-in effect. A dynamometer of the device recorded the screw-in force during simulated canal preparation and the recorded data was stored in a computer with designed software (LCV-USE-VS, Lorenz Messtechnik GmbH, Alfdorf, Germany). The data were subjected to one-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple range test for post-hoc test. P value of less than 0.05 was regarded significant. ProTaper$^{(R)}$ produced significantly more screw-in effects than any other instruments in the study (p < 0.001). $K3^{TM}$ produced significantly more screw-in effects than $M_{two}$, and ProFile$^{(R)}$ (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference among $M_{two}$, NRT, and ProFile$^{(R)}$ (p > 0.05), and between NRT with active tip and NRT with safe one neither (p > 0.05). From the result of the present study, it was concluded, therefore, that there seems significant differences of screw-in effect among the tested nickel-titanium rotary instruments. The radial lands and rake angle of nickel-titanium rotary instrument might be the cause of the difference.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.3 no.10
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• pp.441-450
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• 2014

The stock market is constantly changing and sometimes the stock prices unaccountably plummet or surge. So, the stock market is recognized as a complex system and the change on the stock prices is unpredictable. Recently, many researchers try to understand the stock market as the network among individual stocks and to find a clue about the change of the stock prices from big data being created in real time from Internet. We focus on the correlation between the stock prices and the human interactions in Internet especially in the stock message boards. To uncover this correlation, we collected and investigated the articles concerning with 57 target companies, members of KOSPI200. From the analysis result, we found that there is no significant correlation between the stock prices and the article volume, but the strength of correlation between the article volume and the stock prices is relevant to the stock return. We propose a new method for recommending stock portfolio base on the result of our analysis. According to the simulated investment test using the article data from the stock message boards in 'Daum' portal site, the returns of our portfolio is about 1.55% per month, which is about 0.72% and 1.21% higher than that of the Markowitz's efficient portfolio and that of the KOSPI average respectively. Also, the case using the data from 'Naver' portal site, the stock returns of our proposed portfolio is about 0.90%, which is 0.35%, 0.40%, and 0.58% higher than those of our previous portfolio, Markowitz's efficient portfolio, and KOSPI average respectively. This study presents that collective human behavior on Internet stock message board can be much helpful to understand the stock market and the correlation between the stock price and the collective human behavior can be used to invest in stocks.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.28 no.6C
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• pp.648-658
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• 2003

As the usage of image/video contents increase, a security problem for the payed image data or the ones requiring confidentiality is raised. This paper proposed an image encryption methodology to hide the image information. The target data of it is the result from quantization in wavelet domain. This method encrypts only part of the image data rather than the whole data of the original image, in which three types of data selection methodologies were involved. First, by using the fact that the wavelet transform decomposes the original image into frequency sub-bands, only some of the frequency sub-bands were included in encryption to make the resulting image unrecognizable. In the data to represent each pixel, only MSBs were taken for encryption. Finally, pixels to be encrypted in a specific sub-band were selected randomly by using LFSR(Linear Feedback Shift Register). Part of the key for encryption was used for the seed value of LFSR and in selecting the parallel output bits of the LFSR for random selection so that the strength of encryption algorithm increased. The experiments have been performed with the proposed methods implemented in software for about 500 images, from which the result showed that only about 1/1000 amount of data to the original image can obtain the encryption effect not to recognize the original image. Consequently, we are sure that the proposed are efficient image encryption methods to acquire the high encryption effect with small amount of encryption. Also, in this paper, several encryption scheme according to the selection of the sub-bands and the number of bits from LFSR outputs for pixel selection have been proposed, and it has been shown that there exits a relation of trade-off between the execution time and the effect of the encryption. It means that the proposed methods can be selectively used according to the application areas. Also, because the proposed methods are performed in the application layer, they are expected to be a good solution for the end-to-end security problem, which is appearing as one of the important problems in the networks with both wired and wireless sections.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.3-9
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• 2011

Purpose: Generally dual energy X-ray absorptiometry has been used for the purpose of evaluation of osteoporosis and treatment. Recently the interest of obesity came to be high and body percent fat test is increasing. Existing measure of body fat have to scan the whole body can be evaluated, but only lumbar spine and hip measurements was assumed to be whole body fat as well as improving the software. It tries to check whether the part measured value not being whole body measurement has the validity or not compared with the value calculated with the method that it is different, it forgives through a correlation with a (BIA) and (BMI). Materials and Methods: In 2010, the body percent fat was measured among the examinee coming to the Asan Medical Center public health care center from March till August against 90 females more than 40 years old through (DXA) and BIA. BMI utilized the value which wrote an hight and weight measured through the body measuring instrument in the examinee information and is automatically calculated. In addition, it classified as the low weight ($13-18.5kg/m^2$), normal ($18.5-25kg/m^2$), and corpulence ($25-30kg/m^2$) based on BMI and so that it could check whether there was the difference according to the weight or not BMI and BIA and correlation between DXA were analyzed in each group. The statistical program for the analysis used SPSS 12.0. Results: The comparison of DXA at 3 which it divides into the low weight and normal and corpulence groups and BIA did not show the difference noted statistically in all groups and the between group comparison was exposed to do not have a meaning. The body percent fat measured by the correlation analysis result DXA at the state that it doesn't divide into the group showed the high correlation (r=0.908, p0.01) noted statistically compared with BMI and showed the high correlation noted statistically in a comparison with BIA (r=0.927, p0.01). Conclusion: It confirmed that the whole body percent fat presumed from the part bone density measurement showed the excel correlation compared with BIA and BMI and information is high. There is still no clear standard about the presumed whole body percent fat and it is difficult to evaluate the fat evaluation by the bone mineral density measurement. However, it is determined that the information offering which is more objective through the comparative study with the body percent fat which is very efficient and in that it can obtain till the information about a fat as well as diagnosis of the osteoporosis through the bone density checkup is measured by the afterward telegraph bone density checkup and is clinically useful is possible.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 2004

Purpose : Hypercoagulability is present in patients with nephrotic syndrome. Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1(PAI-1) is a major inhibitor of plasminogen activators. PAI-1 inactivates both tissue plasminogen activator(tPA) and urokinase plasminogen activator(uPA) by rapid formation of inactive 1:1 stoichiometric complexes. Recently some studies showed that the enhanced PAI-1 expression may be involved in the intraglomerular fibrinogen/fibrinrelated antigen deposition seen in nephrotic syndrome. Methods : PAI-1 gene promoter -844(G/A) polymorphism was evaluated in 146 children with minimal change nephrotic syndrome(MCNS) and 230 control subjects. The patients with MCNS were subdivided into 85 infrequent-relapser(IR) group and 61 frequent relapser(FR) group. PCR of PAI-1 gene promoter region including -844(G/A) and RFLP using the restriction enzyme Xhol were performed for each DNA samples extracted from the groups. Results : The distribution of PAI-1 genotype in the control group was G/G 81(32.5%), A/A 42(16.9%), and G/A 126(50.6%). The distribution of PAI-1 genotypes in the IR group of MCNS was G/G 29(34.1%), A/A 15(17.7%), and G/A 41(48.2%). The distribution of PAI-1 genotype in the FR group of MCNS was G/G 17(27.9%), A/A 18(29.5%), and G/A 26(42.6%). There was a significantly increased frequency of A/A genotype(P=0.0251) in the FR group of MCNS. Conclusion : Our results indicate that the PAI-1 gene promoter A/A genotype may be associated with the FR in MCNS.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.364-370
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• 2001

Purpose: In the revascuarization of ischemic dysfunctional myocardium, stunned myocardium was reported to recover function earlier than hibernating myocardium. It was also suggested that stunning and hibernation could be discriminated by reversibility of perfusion impairment on myocardial SPECT. In this study, we investigated the time course of functional recover after CABG according to reversibility of perfusion impairment. Materials and Methods: In 92 patients with coronary artery disease, Tl-201 rest/dipyridamole stress Tc-99m-MIBI gated SPECT was performed before, 3 months after, and 17 months after CABG. Using a 20-segment model, segmental perfusion and systolic thickening were automatically quantified. Perfusion-impaired segments with abnormal thickening were classified by reversibility into reversible (REV) and irreversible (IRREV) groups. The proportions of function-recovered segments were compared between groups and also between 3 months and 17 months in each group. Results: A total of 129 segments were Included In the analysis, and 76 were REV and 53 were IRREV. At 3 months after CABG, 61 segments (80%) in REV group showed functional recovery while 28 segments (53%) in IRREV group did (p<0.001). However, at 17 months after CABG, 60 segments (79%) in REV group and 37 segments (70%) un IRREV group showed functional recovery (p=n.s.). When comparing 3 months and 17 months in each group, REV group showed no difference, while IRREV group showed significant further improvement (p<0.05). Conclusion: In viable myocardium with ischemic myocardial dysfunction, the segments with reversible perfusion impairment recover function earlier after revascularization than irreversible segments.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.147-152
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• 2003

Purpose: We evaluated radioisotope and sex-specific differences of normal limits for left ventricle volumes (LWs) and ejection fraction (EF) using myocardial perfusion gated SPECT (g-SPECT). Materials and Methods: Rest Tl-201/post-stress Tc-99m MIBI g-SPECT measurements with acquisitions of 8-frame were evaluated for 70 patients (mean age $55{\pm}14.56%$ female) who either had < 10% pretest likelihood of CAD (n = 12) or had normal coronary angiography (EF > 50%) (n = 58). LVEF, LWs were automatically determined by quantitative gated SPECT using QGS program. Results: Similar results were obtained for mean LVEF between Tc-99m MIBI ($62%{\pm}7%$ and Tl-201 ($63%{\pm}8%$) g-SPECT measurements. In Contrast, Tl-201 g-SPECT had significantly lower LWs values ($EDV;\;74{\pm}23mL,\;ESV;\;28{\pm}14mL$) than Tc-99m MIBI g-SPECT ($EDV;\;82{\pm}25mL,\;ESV;\;32{\pm}15mL$) (p<0.05). Women had significantly lower EDV ($Tc-99m\;MIBI;\;71{\pm}18mL,\;Tl-201;\;65{\pm}17mL$), and ESV values ($Tc-99m\;MIBI;\;27{\pm}10mL,\;Tl-201;\;23{\pm}8mL$) compared with EDV ($Tc-99m\;MIBI;\;96{\pm}27mL,\;Tl-201;\;85{\pm}24mL$), and ESV Values ($Tc-99m\;MIBI;\;40{\pm}17mL,\;Tl-201;\;36{\pm}16mL$) of men (p<0.05). Women had significantly higher LV EF Values ($65%{\pm}7%$) than men ($60%{\pm}8%$) by Tl-201 gated SPECT (p<0.05). Conclusion: These data suggest significant differeuces in normal limits for LWs and EF, according to genders and radiopharmaceutical. Therefore, the evaluation of cardiac function in patients should consider radioisotope and sex-matched normal values.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.614-629
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• 2001

As the information-intensive society in 21c based on the environment of global internet is promoted, the software is getting more large and complex, and the demand for the software is increasing briskly. So, it becomes an important issue in academic and industrial field to activate reuse by developing and exchanging the standardized component. Currently, the information services as a product type of each company are provided in foreign market place for reusing a commercial component, but the components which are serviced in each market place are different, insufficient and unstandardized. That is, construction for Component Data Registry based on ISO 11179, is not accomplished. Hence, the national government has stepped up the plan for sending out public component at 2001. Therefore, the systems as a tool for sharing and exchange of data, have to support the meta-information of standardized component. In this paper, we will propose the C_MDR system: a tool to register and manage the standardized meta-information, based upon ISO 11179, for the commercialized common component. The purpose of this system is to systemically share and exchange the data in chain of acceleration of reusing the component. So, we will show the platform of specification for the component meta-information, then define the meta-information according to this platform, also represent the meta-information using XML for enhancing the interoperability of information with other system. Moreover, we will show that three-layered expression make modeling to be simple and understandable. The implementation of this system is to construct a prototype system of the component meta-information through the internet on www, this system uses ASP as a development language and RDBMS Oracle for PC. Thus, we may expect the standardization of the exchanged component metadata, and be able to apply to the exchanged reuse tool.