• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.301-306
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• 2009

This study was conducted to determine the physiological differences betweenhealthy and wilted plants with respect to nitrate assimilation and ascorbic acid content. Wilting was artificially induced in spinach plants by treating the seeds with nutrient solution containing high nitrogen and low potassium. The plants were cultured in different plots 4 types of media: 1N-1P-1K (control), 6N-1P-0K (0K), 6N-1P-0.5K (0.5K), and 6N-1P-2K (2K). The rate of wilting among the plants was as follows: control, 0%; 2K, 10%; 0.5K, 40%; and 0K, 70%. This shows that under high nitrogen conditions, the lower the amount of potassium provided, higher was the rate of wilting. There were no differences in plant growth among the plants treated with different levels of potassium under high nitrogen conditions.The nitrate content in both the leaves and the roots was higher in plants grown under high nitrogen media than those in the control. Furthermore, the nitrate level decreased with increasing potassium concentration. The ascorbic acid content of spinach under high nitrogen conditions was lower than those of the control.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.129-136
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• 1996

The direct conversion of solid potassium chloride to solid potassium nitrate by the reaction of the chloride with gaseous nitrogen dioxide is suggested for the preparation of potassium nitrate. Thermodynamic calculations indicate that the free energy change is favorable at ordinary temperatures and that the reaction is exothermic. Experiments are described in which it was found that the reaction takes place at ordinary temperatures in the presence of a small amount of water with good yield. Nitrosyl chloride is produced simultaneously.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.424-433
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the salivary concentration of Potassium and Magnesium cations and their variation before and after sucrose and glucose rinse, and to investigate the relationship between the levels of each compound. Saliva samples were obtained from 40 subjects before and up to 60 min after intake of a 10% sucrose and glucose solution at 1-month intervals. Potassium and Magnesium in human saliva were determined via anion-exchange chromatography with an anion-suppressed conductivity detector using 12 mM sulfuric acid. The concentrations of Potassium and Magnesium before sucrose rinse were 274.3±77.9 mg/ℓ and 4.5±2.5 mg/ℓ, also, the concentrations of Potassium and Magnesium before glucose rinse were 279.2±62.1 mg/ and 4.8±2.0 mg/ℓ, respectively. Potassium and Magnesium concentrations were significantly decreased (p<0.05) after sucrose rinse. The content of potassium and magnesium in saliva before and after rinsing sucrose and glucose is difficult to standardize or classify, as previous research. The reason for the variation between individuals is large, and easily changed by chemical or physiological stimulation. However, this study was experiment for the purpose of accumulating basic data for saliva.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.486-493
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• 2008

Safflower red colorants extracted by two solvents including the traditional ash solution and $K_{2}CO_{3}$ solution was used for dyeing cotton, ramie, viscose rayon, silk, wool, and nylon fabrics. The effects of extraction solvents on the reflectance, K/S value, and color properties of the dyed fabrics were investigated. Wash/dry cleaning and light colorfastness were evaluated. Reflectance curves of cotton, ramie, viscose rayon, and silk fabrics dyed with red colorants extracted by $K_{2}CO_{3}$ solution were similar, showing the maximum absorption at 520nm, to that of the dyed fabrics with red colorants extracted by ash solution. The reflectance curves of wool and nylon fabrics were different, showing the maximum absorption at 400nm. K/S values of dyed fabrics with red colorants extracted by $K_{2}CO_{3}$ solution were higher than that by ash solution with the exception of nylon. $L^{*},\;a^{*},\;b^{*}$, and $C^{*}$ of the dyed fabrics with red colorants extracted by $K_{2}CO_{3}$ solution were higher than that by ash solution except for $L^{*}$ of nylon and $b^{*}$ of viscose rayon. Color difference(${{\Delta}E}^*$) of the dyed fabrics between ash solution and $K_{2}CO_{3}$ solution increased in the order named as cotton, silk, ramie, viscose rayon, wool, and nylon. Regardless of extraction solvents, safflower red colorants produced RP color on cotton, ramie, and nylon, R color on viscose rayon and silk, and YR color on wool. Wash/dry cleaning fastness of the dyed fabrics was high above 3/4 rating but light fastness was very poor. It is considered that the use of $K_{2}CO_{3}$ solution instead of the traditional ash solution would be more effective in terms of color reproducibility and extraction process.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.197-204
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• 2007

The reciprocal effects towards the enhanced biological phosphorus removal were performed for anaerobic, aerobic and anoxic phases. The batch experiments showed that the p-absorption in the anoxic phase was 50% lower than aerobic phase. The correlation coefficient between p-back-solution and p-absorption was found to be $R^2=0.557$ however, the coefficient b(b = 8.4049) was relatively higher than the other researchers results. The increase and/or acceptance of the $K^+-,\;Mg^{2+}-$ and $NH_4-N$-concentration was proportional to those of the $PO_4-P$-concentration in the batch test. The relationship between $K^+-,\;Mg^{2+}$ and $PO_4-P$ was determined. The average value of this relation-ship agreed with 0.2 mol $K^+Ion$ / mol $PO_4-P$ ion and 0.21 mol $Mg^{2+}Ion$ / moi $PO_4-P$ ion in the anaerobic phase. The absorbed ratio of $K^+$ to $Mg^{2+}$ over $PO_4-P$ was found to be 1 : 5.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.85-89
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• 1970

The rate of the bromine-exchange reaction between gallium bromide and isopropyl bromide in nitrobenzene was measured at 19$^{\circ},\;25^{\circ}$ and 40$^{\circ}C$., using isopropyl bromide labelled with Br-82. The results indicated that the exchange reaction was second order with respect to gallium bromide and first order with respect to isopropyl bromide. The third-order rate constant determined at 19$^{\circ}C$. was 3.2 ${\times}10^{-2}l^2{\cdot}mole^{-2}sec^{-1}$. The activation energy, the enthalpy of activation and the entropy of activation for the exchange reaction were also determined.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.29-40
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the association among bone mineral density (BMD), biochemical bone markers, nutrients, and salt intake in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. We evaluated 431 subjects who visited a health promotion center of a university hospital between January 2008 and July 2009. We excluded those who were taking medications or who had an endocrine disorder affecting osteoporosis. The subjects were divided into premenopausal (n = 283) and postmenopausal (n = 143) women. We evaluated the correlation among BMD of the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total femoral, as well as biochemical bone markers, hormone, serum profiles, general characteristics, nutrient intakes, and food intake frequencies. From a stepwise multiple regression analysis, lumbar spine BMD was positively correlated with weight (p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with osteocalcin (OC)(p < 0.001), Femoral neck BMD was positively correlated with weight (p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with C-telopeptide (CTx) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)(p < 0.001, p < 0.05). In premenopausal women, femoral total BMD was positively correlated with BMI (p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with CTx (p < 0.001). In postmenopausal women, lumbar spine BMD was positively correlated with calcium intake (p < 0.01) and negatively correlated with sodium intake (p < 0.01). Femoral neck and femoral total BMD were both positively correlated with weight (p < 0.001), and femoral neck BMD was negatively correlated with age and ALP (p < 0.001, p < 0.05). Femoral total BMD was negatively correlated with age and OC (p < 0.001, p < 0.01). These results suggest that reducing sodium intake may play an important role delaying bone resorption and preventing a decrease in BMD.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.243-248
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• 1986

This study was examined the contents of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, total nitrogen (total N) and free amino acid in shank bone stock as results of boiling for eight, twelve, sixteen and twenty hours. The results were as follows. 1) Contents of calium, sodium and potassium were increased according to boiling time, Content of calcium was more than two times after boiling for twenty hours as compared with eight hours. The contents of potassium and sodium were increased slightly but that of magnesium was constant in the course of boiling. The content of phosphorus was showed maximum value after toiling for eight hours and was decreased after boiling for twelve hours. 2) The content of total N was increased according to boiling time and showed moximum value after boiling for twenty hours. Total N was extracted more than two times after boiling for twenty hours as compared with eight hours. The content of free amino acid was little at various boiling time. The contents of glycine, glutamic acid and serine were increased according to boiling time. Glycine was the most abundant free amino acid and was followed in order of glutamic acid. alanine and serine.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.423-427
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• 1975

Changes in the electrical conductivity of gallium doped zinc oxide during the dehydrogenative oxidation of ethanol between 250 and $350^{\circ}C$ have been studied. Both dehydrogenation and dehydration of ethanol takes place on ZnO. At $300^{\circ}C$ and above formation of $CO_2$ was observed accompanied by an increase in the electrical conductivity. This seems to be due to oxidation of CO formed by the decomposition of acetaldehyde. Addition of oxygen to ethanol increases the amount of acetaldehyde formed, while no change is observed in ethylene formation. It may be that oxygen which is present primarily as $O^-$ provides a favorable site for the adsorption of ethanol and for subsequent hydrogen substraction.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.49-52
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• 2001

뽕잎은 본초강목과 동의보감에 소갈증, 뇌졸중 등에 효과가 있다고 기록되어 있으며 최근의 과학적인 연구결과서도 중국의 전통생약으로 당뇨병을 예방, 치료하며 잎에는 flavones, steroids, triterepenes, 다량무기질 성분이 함유되어 있다. 이외에도 여러 생리활성에 대한 연구가 밝혀지고 있으며 다방면에서의 이용가능성과 기능부여에 대한 기능성소재로서의 이용가치가 높은 것으로 사료되나 아직 식생활에 응용되는 실질적인 연구가 매우 미비한 상태이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 혈압조절에 효과가 있는 다량무기질(칼슘, 칼륨, 마그네슘)함량이 풍부한 다식을 제조하고자 뽕잎분말을 여러 비율(0-4%)로 첨가하여 관능평가, 일반성분 및 무기질함량 등을 분석한 결과 뽕잎분말을 2%첨가한 다식의 관능평가가 가장 우수하였으며 일반성분과 무기질함량은 뽕잎의 첨가비율이 높을수록 유의적으로 증가되었다.