• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.619-628
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• 2022

In general, as a method to confirm a urinary tract infection (UTI) in a medical institutions, urine culture including a urinalysis and an antimicrobial susceptibility test is performed. It is important to disinfect the area around the urethra and perineum before collecting urine samples, and it is important to collect it intermediate urine, not the first-void urine. We invented a patent urine cup (Patent No. 10-1732843) that can automatically and easily separate first-void urine and midstream urine and using this, the patent cup and the general cup were compared and evaluated using this. Nitrite (P<0.001), WBC (P=0.005), Bacterial colony count (P=0.001), colony positivity rate (P=0.004) in first-void urine (N=24), midstream urine (N=24) separated by patent cup to obtain a significantly higher value. This can be seen from the fact that the first-void urine and midstream urine separated using the patent cup were well separated. Also, the number of Bacterial colonies was statistically significantly higher in the midstream urine isolated using a patent cup (N=24) than in the midstream urine collected using a general cup (N=24) (average 7.9 vs. 4.0 on average, P= 0.002). Which means that the midstream urine separated using the patent cup is more sensitive to the UTI test than the midstream urine collected using a general cup.

• The Monthly Diabetes
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• s.184
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• pp.28-32
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• 2005

당뇨교육, 식사 및 운동요법, 지속적인 혈당측정과 3개월 마다 A1c를 측정하고 소변검사로 미세알부민뇨를 확인하고 안저 검사와 규칙적인 발 관리를 계속하고 매년 심혈관계 합병증에 대한 검사 등 일반적인 당뇨관리를 계속한다. 이식 후 새로 생긴 당뇨병은 제2형 당뇨병 관리와 같이 관리한다.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.82-92
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• 2023

Urine sediments are performed by a microscopic examination of centrifuged urine by medical technologists. This study examined different urine sediment preparation procedures. The 107 fresh urine specimens that tested positive from white blood cells (WBCs) and red blood cells (RBCs) in the urine dipstick test and the cobas u 701 analyzer, respectively, were selected for manual microscopy. This study evaluated an automated urine sediment analyzer and three manual microscopy methods for WBCs and RBCs. The methods were performed according to the test guidelines. The coefficients of determination between the cobas u 701 analyzer and the Korean Association of Quality Assurance for Clinical Laboratory (KAQACL) for WBCs and RBCs were r2=0.977 and r2=0.970, respectively. The concordance rates between the cobas u 701 analyzer and KAQACL for WBCs and RBCs were 74.8% and 77.6%, respectively. A good correlation and concordance with the automatic analyzer were shown when the specimens were prepared and examined using the KAQACL method. Consequently, the differences in the urine sediment preparation procedures affected the sediment concentrations, influencing the cell number per high power field (HPF).

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.131-137
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• 1995

Improving validity and reliability is the important components of clinical laboratory tests. And the quality control of the test should be started with the accurate collection of specimen. Urinalysis is one of the useful and common tests in diseases diagnosis and determining the process of medical treatment. Since urinalysis is requested routinely in hospital setting, the importance of the quality control for urine specimen is often ignored. To improve the validity of urinalysis, a clinical trial was done on the method of collecting urine specimen. The result was as follows : 1. The rate of presumtive UTI(urinary tract infection) was decreased in 21.6% with experiment method for collecting urine specimen. 2. The rate of presumtive UTI in female patients was decreased in 43.2% with the experiment method. 3. The rate of negative urine culture was decreased in 6.6% with the experiment method.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2007

Purpose : Edema is one of the cardinal features of nephrotic syndrome. Although the pathogenesis of edema is not entirely understood, it is caused by hypovolemia or hypervolemia by different mechanisms. Accordingly it is important to evaluate the volume status of patients in order to treat the edema, but it is difficult to evaluate the patient's volume status only by clinical parameters. The quotient of urine sodium and potassium excretion $U_K/(U_{Na}+U_K)$ is introduced as a more useful way to evaluate volume status. In this study we will propose the usefulness of $U_K/(U_{Na}+U_K)$ in evaluating the volume status of children with nephrotic syndrome. Methods : Primary nephrotic syndrome patients at Yeungnam University Hospital since January 1995 to June 2005, were included in the study. We analyzed clinical parameters such as tachycardia, cardiomegaly, pleural effusion, blood chemistry and urinalysis prospectively. We defined hypovolemia when $U_K/(U_{Na}+U_K)$ exceeded 60%. Intravenous albumin and diuretics were administered to hypovolemic edematous patients. On the other hand, hypervolemic edematous patients were treated only with diuretics. Results : There were 50 cases of primary nephrotic syndrome patients(hypervolemia: 29 vs hypovolemia: 21). There were no significant differences in clinical symptoms and laboratory findings except for FeNa While $F_eNa$ and $U_K/(U_{Na}+U_K)$ had a significant negative correlation, BUN and $U_K/(U_{Na}+U_K)$ had a significant positive correlation. Urine output after edema treatment was effective and there were no treatment-related side effects in both groups. Conclusion : FeNa, BUN and $U_K/(U_{Na}+U_K)$ are a useful parameters for evaluating volume status of edematous nephrotic syndrome patients. We could suggest a therapeutic option for using albumin and/or diuretics according to volemic status by means of measured $U_K/(U_{Na}+UK)$.

• 건강소식
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• v.15 no.2 s.147
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• pp.8-9
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• 1991

건강검사를 마치고 나면 우리는 당연히 결과서를 받는다. 그러나 안타깝게도 그 결과서에 써있는 전문용어나 수치가 도대체 무엇을 의미하는지를 아는 사람은 거의 없다. ‘건강소식’은 이번 호부터 이 수치와 용어가 무엇을 의미하는지를 해설함으로써 건강파악에 조금이나마 도움이 되고자 한다.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.168-177
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• 2007

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate whether hypercalciuria patients with hematuria show different renal indices compared to non-hypercalciuria patients with hematuria. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with gross or microscopic hematuria whose blood chemistry and 24 hour urine chemistry were examined. After excluding the patients with more than $4 mg/m^2/day$ proteinuria or the patients with urinary calcium excretion between 3 and 4 mg/kg/day, we divided the patients into two groups: a hypercalciuria group whose calcium excretion was more than 4 mg/kg/day(n=30) and a non hypercalciuria group whose calcium excretion was less than 3 mg/kg/day(n=41). The urinary excretion, clearance, and fractional excretion(FE) of Na, K, Cl, Ca, P, urea, and creatinine were calculated and compared between the two groups. Results : The hypercalciuria group had more calcium excretion($6.1{\pm}2.9$ vs $1.5{\pm}0.9 mg/kg/day$), more urea excretion($341{\pm}102$ vs $233{\pm}123 mg/kg/day$), greater glomerular filtration rate(GFR) ($93.7{\pm}31.1$ vs $79.5{\pm}32.0 mL/min$) but lower FENa($1.0{\pm}0.4%$ vs $1.3{\pm}0.6%$) than the nonhyper-calciuria group, although the urinary sodium excretion was similar between the two groups. Conclusion : The greater urea excretion and GFR in hypercalciuric patients suggest that they might be on a higher protein diet than the non-hypercalciuria group. The increased glomerular filtration of sodium and calcium induced by the higher GFR in hypercalciuria would have increased their delivery to the distal tubule, where sodium is effectively reabsorbed but calcium is not, which is suggested by the lower FENa but higher FECa in hyercalciuria. It is recommended that the diet of hematuria patients be reviewed in detail at initial presentation and during treatment.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.96-102
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• 2014

Urine bioassay has been widely used for internal dosimetry due to simple process of sampling and measurement. In this paper, we participated in the NRIP (NIST Radiochemistry Intercomparison Program) hosted by US NIST to carry out a reliable performance test of urine bioassay and introduced the measurement method and results of NRIP-2013. In customary exercise with 60 days of reporting time, bioassay results of 12 radionuclides in the synthetic urine samples were acceptable based on the performance criteria of ANSI N13.30. In emergency preparedness exercise with 8 hours of reporting time, bioassay results of 9 radionuclides showed that differences ranged from -35% to 45%. However, we concluded that urine bioassay applied for emergency preparedness exercise would be applicable for rapid screening and estimation of internal exposure within a difference of ${\pm}45%$ in the event of radiological accidents.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.52-62
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to find a way to improve the stability and quality of urinalysis by checking the changes in the measurement values of representative clinical chemistry test items according to the repeated freezing and thawing before the urine test and the thawing process. All subjects were 10 healthy males, and the freeze and thaw stability test was performed using their urine samples. In the case of micro-albumin and amylase, there was no statistical significance at 37℃ with time, but at 42℃ and 60℃, there was a statistically significant change in the results with time. There were statistically significant changes in BUN, creatinine, uric acid, and glucose. As a result of long-term stability, after 7 days, glucose mutation increased and amylase decreased at 60℃. In the case of glucose and amylase, there was a statistically significant change in the results over time. To obtain accurate test results, accurate standardization of urinalysis including appropriate collection, storage, and storage methods of urine samples is required and systematic study of conditions for securing stability for each biomaterial is required.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.146-153
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• 2011

Purpose : Hypercalciuria has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of nocturnal enuresis associated with polyuria. We have measured the amount of calcium excretion in the urine from children with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis and studied the association with enuresis. Methods : Thirty-six children (20 males and 16 females, age 5 to 15.6 years) presenting with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis were recruited for this study. Results : Among 36 patients, 6 patients had hypercalciuria, providing a 16.7% frequency. The mean Ca/Cr ratio of hypercalciuria group showed $0.23{\pm}0.10$ on daytime, and $0.33{\pm}0.10$ on nighttime showing higher values in nighttime, but it was not statistically significant. Average 24 hour calcium excretion was 8.95 mg/kg. Night/day time urine volume ratio in hypercalciuria group was $0.87{\pm}0.20$, and that in normocalciuria group was $0.81{\pm}0.33$, also showing no difference. Daytime Ca/Cr ratio and nighttime Ca/Cr ratio from all enuresis patients showed a significant correlation (P=0.0001). However, Ca/Cr ratio between daytime and nighttime urine volume had no significant correlation, respectively (daytime P=0.08; nighttime P=0.07). Also, daytime and nighttime Na concentration, urea concentration, and osmolality also had no significant correlation with urine Ca/Cr ratio, respectively. Conclusion: Hypercalciuria shown in some of enuresis patients is not directly caused by primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis.