• 한국양묘협회지
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• s.38
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• pp.61-85
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• 2010

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.692-700
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• 2011

The use of electric field has been studied as an alternative for biofilm control dominated by disinfectants and antibiotics. This technology would be advantageous in the environmental respect that biofilm can be controlled based on electron transfer, not using chemical disinfectants and antibiotics. Control mechanisms which were reported by earlier studies are organized as; (1) bacterial adhesion control by electrostatic repulsion at a negative current, (2) bacterial adhesion control using bacterial motion and (3) bacterial inactivation by direct oxidation at a positive current, (4) bioelectric effect leading to biofilm inactivation. In this review article, we summarized the technologies for biofilm control using electric field and provided some application examples from previous studies.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.216-221
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• 2016

This study was performed to evaluate the bactericidal efficacy of a fumigation disinfectant containing 35% paraformaldehyde against Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium). In this study, the efficacy test of a fumigant against S. Typhimurium was carried out according to French standard NF T 72-281. The S. Typhimurium working culture suspension number (N value), all bacteria numbers on the carriers exposed to the fumigant (n1, n2, and n3), the number of bacterial suspensions by the pour plate method (N1), the number of bacterial suspensions by the filter membrane method (N2), and the mean number of bacteria recovered on the control carriers (T value), were obtained from the preliminary test. In addition, the reduction number of S. Typhimurium exposed to the fumigant (d value) was calculated using the T value, the mean number of bacteria in the recovery solution (n'1) and the mean number of bacteria on carriers plated in agar (n'2). The N value was $5.5{\times}10^8$ colony forming units (CFU)/mL, and n1, n2, and n3 were higher than 0.5N1, 0.5N2 and 0.5N1, respectively. Additionally, the T value was $3.5{\times}10^6CFU/carrier$. In terms of the bactericidal effect of the fumigant, the d value was 5.25. According to the French standard for fumigants, the d value for an effective bactericidal fumigant should be greater than 5. The results indicated that the fumigant containing 35% paraformaldehyde had an efficient bactericidal activity against S. Typhimurium, and, therefore, can be used to disinfect food materials and kitchen appliances contaminated with foodborne bacteria.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.216-222
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• 2003

In order to develop effective control methods for Bakanae disease caused by Gibberella fujikuroi (Saito) Ito during rearing of rice seedlings, we investigated the disease resistance of 15 rice varieties to G. fujikuroi and control effect of six seed disinfectants, and tried to improve the using methods of the seed disinfectants. Disease resistance was tested by investigating the disease incidence on each rice cultivar grown in rice seedling box infested with or not infested with G. fujikuroi at 30 days after sowing seeds and 20 days after heading date. The results showed that Hwayongbyeo, Dongjinbyeo, Hwoanbyeo, Nonghobyeo, Nampyeongbyeo, and Hwojinbyeo were resistant G. fujikuroi, meanwhile Keulubyeo, Sobibyeo, Odaebyeo, Junambyeo, Samchonebyeo, Sangjubyeo, and Hwabongbyeo were susceptible. Three seed disinfectants, prochloraz, fludioxonil, and carproamid + thiram + fludioxonil controlled Bakanae disease of rice very well, while bonomyl + thiram, thiophanate-methyl + thiram and thiophanate-methyl + triflumizole did not suppress the disease enough. Water temperature was turned to be an important factor for controlling the disease by treating seed disinfectants. Prochloraz showed 61% control value on the disease at $10^{\circ}C$, but it showed above 95% control value at the range of $30-35^{\circ}C$. It was confirmed that the control effect of seed disinfectants increased with increasing water temperature. Meanwhile soaking period of rice seeds in the suspension of seed disinfectants and chemical dosage had no high relation to control the disease. This results suggest that rice varieties, water temperature, and optimal selection of suitable seed disinfectants are very important to control Bakanae disease effectively.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.243-250
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• 2001

To evaluate the effect of disinfectants for Alginate impression, several commercially available disinfectants were tested to Alginate model contaminated by Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Alginate specimens were artificially contaminated by Staphylococcus aureus and soaking in four commercially available disinfectants for 1, 5, 10 minutes and colonies were counted for each case. Significant reduction of bacterial colony counts was noted after soaking in 0.5% and 0.05% sodium hypochlorite and after soaking in 2% glutaraldehyde, but not after soaking in Hypochlorus add. Commercially available sodium hypochlorite and glutaraldehyde were found to be effective disinfectants for Alginate impression. But hypochlorus add was not adequate disinfectant.

• 동물약계
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• no.94
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• pp.3-5
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• 2004

[ $\cdot$ ]니트로푸란제 동물용의약품 자율 수거 $\cdot$가축전염병 발생 신고자 신원 비공개 조치 $\cdot$축산용항생제 관리시스템 관련 협의회 참석 $\cdot$동물약사감시 행정처분 결과 홍보 $\cdot$제2차 이사회 개최 $\cdot$소독약품 정비관련 소위원회 회의 참석 $\cdot$동물약품 GMP실무반 교육 실시 $\cdot$양계용 동물약품 북한 지원 $\cdot$동물용 마취제 판매관리 강화 협조 요청 $\cdot$방역용 소독약품 시장거래가격 조사 $\cdot$동물약품 마케팅반 교육 실시 $\cdot$제3차 이사회 개최 $\cdot$동물약품제조용 양허관세적용 유당 증량 배정 $\cdot$수출 전략 협의회 개최 $\cdot$아시아$\cdot$태평양 수의사총회 개최 안내 $\cdot$조합 2004년도 상반기 알찬거래선 선정

• 동물약계
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• no.104
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• pp.3-6
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• 2006

동물약사감시 행정처분 결과 홍보/환경개선제 등 동물의약품 구매 협조 요청/제주 돼지콜레라 관련 제도개선 협의회 참석/소부루세라병 간이지니단킷트 도입 협의회 참석/구제역 특별방역대책 추진/동물용의약품등 자율점검제 실시 결과/방역용 소독약품 다수공급자물품계약 요청/통관단일창구 사용자 설명회 개최/제1차 이사회 개최/제14차 정기총회 개최/농협중앙회 소독약품 구매 관련 회의 참석/동물의약품등 제조업체 현황/동물용의약품등 수입자 현황/국내생산 동물용의약품 연도별 판매 현황/국내생산 동물용의약품 연도별 수출 현황/수입완제 동물용의약품 연도별 판매 현황/동물용의약품 연도별 내수 시장 규모/동물용의약품 약효별 허가(신고) 현황/내수 유통경로별 판매 현황(원료제외)/축종별 판매현황(원료제외)/원료 동물약품 원산지별 수입 현황/완제 동물약품 원산지별 수입 현황

• The monthly packaging world
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• s.262
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• pp.94-104
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• 2015

환경부는 '화학물질의 등록 및 평가 등에 관한 법률(화평법)'과 '화학물질관리법(화관법)' 시행규칙을 공포하고 지난 달부터 시행했다. 환경부에 따르면 두 법안은 화학물질의 체계적인 관리로 사전에 안전사고를 예방하고 국민건강과 환경을 보호하기 위해 제정됐다. 화학물질의 생산 유통 등 모든 과정의 안전관리를 강화하는 것이 골자다. 우선 화평법 시행에 따라 모든 신규 화학물질과 연간 1톤 이상 제조 수입되는 기존 화학물질에 대한 등록이 의무화되고 등록 신청 기준도 강화된다. 다만 제조 수입량이 연간 1톤 미만일 경우 등록 신청 제출 자료를 정식 등록 9개보다 적은 4개로 간소화하고 등록기간도 30일에서 3~7일로 줄였다. 또 유해물질 함유제품으로 인한 피해를 예방하기 위해 생활화학 제품 15종을 우려제품으로 지정해 안전 표시기준을 준수하도록 했다. 관리대상 품목은 세정제 합성세제 표백제 섬유유연제 코팅제 접착제 방향제 탈취제 방청제(금속부식 방지제) 김서림방지제 물체염탈색체 문신용염료 소독제 방충제 방부제 등이다. 화관법에서는 유해 화학물질 취급 때 공통 적용되는 46개 준수사항을 규정하고 물질별로 구체적인 취급기준을 고시하도록 했다. 취급시설의 설치 관리기준도 시설 종류별로 구체화했다. 새로 도입되는 장외 영향평가는 취급시설 설치자가 화학사고 발생 시 사업장 주변지역 사람이나 환경에 미치는 영향을 사전에 평가해 시설을 안전하게 설계 설치하도록 규정했다. 과징금과 행정처분 기준도 구체화했다. 행정처분은 2년 내 위반 횟수에 따라 경고 개선명령 영업정지 허가취소로 차등화하고 사고가 일어나면 사상자와 사업장 밖 피해액을 기준에 따라 산정해야 한다. 본 고에서는 두 법률의 주요 내용과 함께 주요 문의 사항을 살펴봄으로써 이해를 도우고자 했다.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.359-367
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was a within subject repeated pretest-posttest design done to compare the effect of disinfection and the degree of MRSA(Methicillin- resistant staphylococcus aureus) isolation from hand disinfectant in ICU nurses. Method: Out of the total internal medicine/surgery ICU nurses at a university hospital in Seoul, 29 female nurses who were participating in direct patient care were participants in this study. After collection of samples, Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA were isolated from the palms, nails and nasal cavities of the nurses according to disinfectants (soap and beta-scrub). Results: The effect of disinfection was greater in the beta-scrub group than in the soap group, and the effect of disinfection on palms was higher in the beta-scrub group than in the soap group. As for the degree of MRSA isolation, there was more isolation in palms in the soap group than in the beta-scrub group but there was no difference in the degree of MRSA isolation from the hand disinfectant in nails and nasal cavities. Conclusion: Beta-scrub showed a superior prolonged effect against transient bacteria compared with soap. Further, to reduce MRSA infection, we recommend interventions focused on these aspects.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.183-193
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• 2013

The characteristics of dental treatment makes the dental staff frequently contact with patient directly. Also the daily use of high-handpieces, sharp instruments, and needles often causes bleeding on oral cavity. Therefore, the risk of cross transmission grows up. The pathogen from dental practice could spread on not only the practice itself but also the dental laboratory with contaminated impressions and prosthesis. Dental clinic staffs (dentists, dental hygienists and dental technicians) should recognize all the patients have a possibility of cross contamination, and try to prevent the transmission of infection by proper infection control. In this study, we review the articles about disinfection methods and chemical infection agents used for dental impressions, and try to figure out the suitable and effective infection control system of dental impressions.