• Title/Summary/Keyword: 소낭 형성

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Studies on the Gonadal Development and Gametogenesis of the Granulated Ark, Tegillarca granosa (Linnee) (꼬막, Tegillarca granosa ( Linne ) 의 생식소발달 및 생식세포형성에 관한 연구)

  • 이주하
    • The Korean Journal of Malacology
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.55-64
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    • 1997
  • 꼬막, Tegillarca granosa은 우리나라 남해 및 서해안 일대에서 서식하는 중요한 수산자원 중의 하나이지만, 이에 대한 생물학적 기초연구는 거의 없는 실정이다. 따라서 1995년 2월부터 1996년 1월까지 전남 벌교연안에서 채집한 꼬막의 생식소발달, 생식세포형성과정 및 생식주기를 조사하였다. 1. 꼬막은 자웅이체이면서 난생이고, 생식소는 내장낭의 간중장선을 싸고 있는 결합조직으로부터 족부의 근육층까지 분포한다.2. 미분화간층직과 호산성 과립세포들이 초기 활성기의 소낭에 풍부하게 나타나기 시작하여 완숙기에는 거의 없어지는 것으로 보아, 이들은 생식소 및 생식세포형성과 발달에 영향을 공급하는 영향세포로 생각된다.3. 생식소발달, 생식세포형성과정, 조직분화과정 및 세포학적 특성에 따라, 이들의 생식주기를 초기 활성기, 완숙기, 부분 방출기, 방출 및 비활성기 등으로 구분할 수 있다. 4. 방란 및 방정은 수온 2$0^{\circ}C$정도되는 6월하순부터 시작되고, 주산란시기는 수온이 23-24$^{\circ}C$정도 되는 7-8월이며, 완숙란의 크기는 50-60$\mu\textrm{m}$이다.5. 비활성기는 9월에서 이듬해 4월까지 지속되는 비교적 긴 기간이며, 초기 활성기도 비교적 길어 1월에서 5월까지 지속되는 반면, 후기활성, 완숙 및 방출기는 비교적 짧아, 5월에서 8월까지 모두 완료된다.6. 비만도의 월별 변화는 생식소의 발달, 생식주기 및 수온과 밀접한 관계가 있다.7. 사용된 재료 433개체 중 1개체가 자웅동체현상을 나타내었다.

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Spermatogenesis of the Spiny Top Shell, Batillus cornutus (Lightfoot, 1786) (Gastropoda: Turbinidae) (소라, Batillus cornutus의 정자형성과정)

  • Jung, Gui-Kwon;Park, Jung-Jun;Lee, Jae-Woo;Lee, Jung-Sick
    • Development and Reproduction
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.97-104
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    • 2007
  • This study describes the spermatogenesis and sperm ultrastructure of the spiny top shell, Batillus cornutus using light and electron microscopy. The spiny top shells were collected by divers in the coastal water of Wandogun, Cheollanamdo, Korea(N $34^{\circ}13'$, E $126^{\circ}47'$) at May 2003. Spiny top shells of $60.0{\sim}69.9\;mm$ in shell height were used in this study. The testis comprises many spermatogenic follicles which contains germ cells in different developmental stages. The primary spermatocytes in the pachytene stage were characterized by synaptonemal complexes. The early spermatids were characterized by appearance of Golgi complex, increased karyoplasmic electron density and tubular mitochondria. In early spermatid the mass of proacrosomal granules consists of numerous heterogeneous granules with high electron density. From the mid-stage of spermiogenesis the well-developed mitochondria aggregate posterior to the nucleus, and surround the proximal and distal centrioles. In this stage, proacrosomal granules are condensed and form a acrosome with thin envelope. During the late spermiogenesis, the acrosome begins to elongate and then became conical. The sperm consists of head, mid-piece and tail. The head comprises a round nucleus and a conical acrosome. Acrosomal rod of microfibrous is observed between nucleus and acrosome. Five mitochondria observed in mid-piece. And tail has the typical "9+2" microtubular system originates from the centrioles.

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Ultrastructural and Histochemical Study on the Epithelia of Digestive Tract of a Korean Slug, Incilaria fruhstorferi (한국산 산민달팽이 ( Incilaria fruhstorferi ) 소화관 상피조직의 미세구조 및 조직화학적 연구)

  • 이정찬;장남섭;한종민
    • The Korean Journal of Malacology
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.143-160
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    • 1997
  • 한국산 산민달팽이 Incilariafruhstorferi의 소화관을 부위별로 관찰하고, 소화관 상피조직을 구성하는 세포의 종류와 분포수 그리고 분비되는 과립 등을 미세구조적, 조직화학적으로 관찰하고 그 결과를 보고하고자 한다. 산민달팽이의 소화관은 식도, 위, 장, 직장 등으로 구성되어있으며, 식도는 다시 전식도, 소낭, 후식도로 나누어지고, 장은 전장과 중장, 후장 등으로 구분되었다. 소화관을 부위별롸 관찰한 결과 섬모원주상피세포 2종, 녹색과립세포 3종, 청색과립세포, 점액세포, 투명세포, 망상형세포 그리고 괴사형세포 등 모두 10종류가 확인되었다. 섬모원주세포는 A형과 B형 등 두 종으로 나뉘며, A형은 세포의 상단 자유면에 섬모와 미세융모가 밀생된데 비해, B형은 전자밀도가 높아서 검게 보이고, 장과 직장에서만 관찰되는 특징을 보였다. 섬모의 구조는 9 x 2 + 2 axoneme이었다. 녹색과립세포는 미세구조에 의해 A형, B형 그리고 C형등 3종으로 나누어지며, 소낭과 후식도, 위, 직장에서 주로 관찰되었다. A형과 B형은 Sudan black에 양성인 지방과립(1.36 x 1.6$\mu\textrm{m}$)만을 포함하고 있는데비해 C형은 글리코겐 과립도 포함하고 있었다. 청색과립세포는 10종류의 세포 중 가장 키가 크고 (35$\mu\textrm{m}$), Millon반응에 양성을 보이는 둥근과립(직경, 1.3$\mu\textrm{m}$)을 포함하고 있는데 과립들은 단백질성으로 확인되었다. 이들은 중장에서만 관찰되었다. 장과 직장에서 주로 많이 관찰되는 점액세포는 세포질 속에 전자밀도가 낮은 투명한 과립과 전자밀도가 높아서 검게 보이는 둥근과립(크기, 1.33 x 0.89$\mu\textrm{m}$)들을 포함하고 있었는데, 이들은 미성숙 시기에는 투명과립(직경, 2.66$\mu\textrm{m}$)으로 관찰되었다. PAS-alcian blue(pH 2.5)반응에서 투명과립은 alcianophillia로 나타난 반면, 검은 과립은 PAS에 양성반을을 보이며, 각각 산성점액과 중성점액과립으로 확인되었다. 투명세포는 광학현미경 관찰에서 A형과 B형으로 구분되었으나, A형은 전자현미경 관찰에서 신경내분비세포로 확인된 반며, B형은 지방과립을 소지한 지방저장세포로 각각 확인되었다. 신경내분비세포가 소지한 과립의 크기는 0.16$\mu\textrm{m}$ 정도였다. 망상형세포는 주로 위에서 관찰되는 형태가 불규칙한 작은 세포로서 세포질에 비해 큰 핵을 소지하고 있었다. 소량의 세포질 돌기에는 사립체와 과립성소포체를 포함하고 있다. 괴사형세포는 후장과 직장에서 주로 많이 관찰되고, 점액세포의 점액과립이 분비된 후, 붕괴되는 과정에서 형성된 것으로 확인되었다.

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Histological Studies on the Gametogensis and Reproductive Cycle of the Hard Clam , Meretrix Iusoria (백합, Meretrix Iusoria의 생식세포형성과정 및 생식주기에 관한 조직학적 연구)

  • Lee, Ju-Ha
    • The Korean Journal of Malacology
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.131-141
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    • 1997
  • 전북 김제시 심포에서 1994년 1월부터 12월까지 월별로 채집된 백합 Meretrix lusoria의 생식세포형성과정 및 생식주기를 , 조직학적으로 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 백합은 자웅이체이고 난생을 하며, 생식소는 내장낭의 간중장선의 하부로부터 족부의 근육부근까지 분포하며, 성숙되면 팽대되지만 방란, 방정 후에는 위축된다. 생식소는 많은 난자형성여포들과 정자형셩여포들로 구성되어 있다. 여포에는 호산성 세포와 미분화간충직들이 들어 있는데, 이들은 초기 생식세포의 영양물질로 제공되고 있으며, 생식소가 발달함에 따라 점차 소실된다. 초기활성기의 난원세포는 직경 10$\mu\textrm{m}$ 내외이며, 초기 난모세포는 난병을 여포벽에 부착한 채 성장을 하여 70$\mu\textrm{m}$ 내외의 완숙란으로 된다. 정원세포가 성장을 하여 정보세포, 정세포를 거쳐 변태를 마친 정자는, 정자형성소낭의 중앙 내강에 정자속을 형성한다. 방란, 방정을 마친 생식소는, 일부 미방출된 생식세포가 퇴화 흡수되면서 비활성기를 지나 이듬해 수온상승과 더불어 새로운 발달을 시작한다. 생식주기는 연속적인 5단계로 구분할 수 있는데, 초기 활성기(1-3월), 후기 활성디 (2-5월), 완숙기(4-8월), 부분 방출기(6-9월), 퇴화 및 비활성기(9-2월)로 구분할 수 있다. 산란은 6월 (22$^{\circ}C$)부터 9월 ($25^{\circ}C$)까지 지속되지만, 산란성기는 7월(27$^{\circ}C$)-8월(28$^{\circ}C$)이다. 생식소지수는 1월에 0.58을 나타내며 5월에 4.60으로 최대값을 나타낸 후, 6월부터 점차 감소하기 시작하여 12월과 1월에는 1.0미만에 머무른다.

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Reproductive Cycle of Venus Clam, Protothaca jedoensis(Bivalvia: Veneridae) in Korea (한국산 살조개, Protothaca jedoensis의 생식주기)

  • Kim, Jung;Yoon, Ho-Seop;Rha, Sung-Ju;Moon, Seong-Yong;Soh, Ho-Young;Choi, Kyu-Jung;Choi, Sang-Duk
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.245-255
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    • 2002
  • In order to obtain the basic information for seedling production of venus clam, Protothaca jedoensis, the annual reproductive cycle was investigated mainly by histological observation from September 1998 to August 1999. P. jedoensis was dioecious. The gonads are located between the digestive diverticula and muscle tissue of the foot. The ovary was composed of a number of ovarian sacs, and the testis was composed of several testicular tubules. The condition index was reached its maximum (20.0) in February, and then decreased to 11.5 in June. In August, the value was the lowest (9.0) and then increased slowly. Minimum size for the sexual maturation of individuals were 38.4 mm in shell length. One the other hand, the size of mature oocytes was ranged to $50-60\mu{m}$ in diameter and testis-ova was observed in testis of the mature stage. The reproductive cycle of P. jedoensis could be classified into five successive stages: early active (December to February), late active (January to April), ripe (March to July), partially spawned (June to August) and spent/inactive (July to January) stages.

Morphological Characteristics and Molecular Identification of Calonectria ilicicola Causing Soybean Red Crown Rot (콩 검은뿌리썩음병균(Calonectria ilicicola)의 형태적 특징과 유전자 수준에서의 동정)

  • Park, Seong-Woo;Kim, Hong-Sik;Woo, Sun-Hee;Shim, Heong-Kwon;Kim, Heung-Tae
    • Research in Plant Disease
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    • v.12 no.3
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    • pp.178-184
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    • 2006
  • The 18 isolates of soybean red crown rot pathogen(Calonectria ilicicola) were isolated from infected soybean plants showing chlorosis symptom and red perithecia sign in 2002 and 2003 season in Korea. The morphological characteristics of the typical isolate SC03-15, such as macroconidia and macrovesicles in anamorph as well as perithecia, asci and ascospores in teleomorph, were observed from red crown rot pathogens. The perithecia were red-brown globose to ovoid, and $357.9(312.5{\sim}391.5.7){\mu}m$ high and $474.3(419{\sim}535){\mu}m$ diameter. Asci were hyaline and clavate and included 8 ascospores, which were straight to slightly curved, 1(-3)-septate, and $36.9(31.1{\sim}49.4){\times}5.2(4.5{\sim}6.1){\mu}m$. Macroconidia in anamorph were cylindrical, hyaline and in size $73.2(68.1{\sim}77.6){\times}5.8(4.9{\sim}6.8){\mu}m$. Further identification process was performed through molecular method, such as a phylogenetic analysis by rDNA sequencing of ITS and $\beta$-tubuline genes of all isolates tested in this study. All isolates were identified as Calonectria ilicicola by DNA sequencing of ITS and $\beta$-tubuline genes, and morphological characteristics.

Ultrastructure and Role of Somatic Cells in Macrobrachium nipponense Testis (징거미새우, Macrobrachium nipponense 정소 구성세포의 미세구조와 기능)

  • KIM Dae-Hyun;KANG Jung-Ha;HAN Chang-Hee
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.33 no.5
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    • pp.403-407
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    • 2000
  • Ultrastructure and function of testis somatic cells in freshwater prawns Macrobrachium nipponense were studied. The paired testes of the prawn were elongated, united at their anterior end, which lay between the dorsal surface of the hepatopancreas and the heart. Each testis consisted of a large number of seminiferous cords compactly held together by connective tissue. A seminiferous cord was composed of an outer layer of simple squamous epithelium, a basement membrane, the closely packed germ cells and sustentacular cells of the germinal ridge, and an inner layer of simple cuboidal epithelial cells. Leydig cell-like cells in an angular areas filling the space of the seminiferous cords were observed. The nuclei of leydig cell-like cells were characterized by a distinct nucleolus. The simple squamous epithelial layer was composed of flattened cells tying on a basement membrane. The nuclei of the flattened cells were often overlapped in a layer, and the cytoplasm of the cells was observed just near the nuclei. The sustentacular cells were complex in morphology. These cells had relatively small cell bodies from which long cytoplasmic extensions ramified reached the space of germ cells in the germinal ridge. The nuclei of sustentacular cells usually exhibited angular profiles and located most commonly at the periphery of the cords. Cells of simple cuboidal epithelium located between germinal ridge and lumen of seminiferous cord, and part of the cells were adjacent to basal lamina, The cuboidal epithelial cells contained numerous mitochondria, the well-developed rER, the well-developed Golgi complex, and irregularly shaped nuclei. Transition vesicles appeared on the cis side of the Golgi complex. The large vesicles on the trans side of the complex appeared to fuse to form a membrane-bound structure. A number of pits on the cell apex suggested exocytotic activity for secretion of the sperm supporting matrix.

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Ultrastructural Studies of Oogenesis and Oocyte Degeneration in Female Ruditapes philippinarum (Bivalvia: Veneridae) from Gomso Bay, Korea (곰소만에 서식하는 암컷 바지락 Ruditapes philippinarum의 난형성과정 및 난모세포 퇴화의 미세구조적 연구)

  • Lee, Ki-Young;Chung, Ee-Yung
    • Development and Reproduction
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.41-49
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    • 2008
  • Ultrastructural changes occurring during the course of development and degeneration of oocytes in female Ruditapes philippinarum (Adams & Reeve, 1850) are described for clams collected from Gomso Bay, Korea. During the early stages of oogenesis, desomosome-like gap junctions localized between the early vitellogenic oocyte and the follicle cells. Vitellogenesis occurs through a process of autosynthesis, involving the combined activity of the Golgi complex, mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum, and heterosynthesis in which extraovarian precursors are incorporated into oocytes by endocytotic activity, involving the basal region of the early vitellogenic oocytes prior to the formation of the vitelline envelope. The follicle cells appear to play an integral role in vitellogenesis and oocyte degeneration: phagocytosis and intracellular digestion of products originating from oocyte degeneration. These functions can permit a transfer of yolk precursors necessary to vitellogenesis, and they can accumulate nutrients in the cytoplasm, as glycogen and lipids, which can be employed by the vitellogenic oocyte. During the period of oocyte degeneration, follicle cells may have lysosomal system for breakdown, and resorb various phagosomes in the cytoplasm for nutrient storage. But follicle cells probably are not the major source of yolk precursors in vitellogenesis.

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Ultrastructural Changes at the Surfaces of Oocytes in a Sabellid Polychaete, Pseudopotamilla occelata Moore (안점의 꽃갯지렁이 Pseudopotamilla occelata Moore의 난모세포 표면의 미세구조적 변화)

  • 심재경;이양림
    • The Korean Journal of Zoology
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    • v.31 no.3
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    • pp.165-176
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    • 1988
  • Stmcturai changes at the surfaces of oocytes of Pseudopotamilla occelata were examined by electron microscopy. The oocytes, which grow up to the flnai stage in the same coelomic fluid, once released from the ovary at 5 $\mu$ m stage, change in the structure of the vitelilne envelopes. Microvilli were found to change gready in structure, abundance and behaviour dudng oogenesis. Microvilli are short and bifurcated at the previtellogenic stages and grow in size, but the number increases only during previtellogenesis but decreases during vitellogenesis. Glycocaiyx structures begin to form at the tips of microvitli at the early previtellogenic stages and become more abundant as oocytes grow and remain at the final stage of oogenesis. The tips of microvilli are separated from the stems at the late vitellogenic stages to form vesicles simultaneously with retraction of the microvilli. Vitelline envelope consists of outer, intermediate and inner layers at the previtellogenic stages. However, the inner layer becomes thickened and differendated into two sublayers at 80 $\mu$m stage, - while the outer and intermediate layers remain constant in the thickness. These structural changes were presumably the results of functional differentiation of the vitelline envelope throughout oogenesis even in the same milleu.

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Radioprotective Effects of Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor in the Jejunal Mucosa of Mouse (생쥐에서 과립구 집락형성인자(Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor)의 공장점막에 대한 방사선 보호효과)

  • Ryu, Mi-Ryeong;Chung, Su-Mi;Kay, Chul-Seung;Kim, Yeon-Shil;Yoon, Sei-Chul
    • Radiation Oncology Journal
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.45-52
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    • 2001
  • Purpose : Granulocyle-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been widely used to treat neutropenia caused by chemotherapy or radiotherapy. The efficacy of recombinant human hematopoietic growth factors in improving oral mucositis after chemotherapy or radiotherapy has been recently demonstrated in some clinical studies. This study was designed to determine whether G-CSF can modify the radiation injury of the intestinal mucosa in mice. Materials and Methods : One hundred and five BALB/c mice weighing 20 grams were divided into nine subgroups including G-CSF alone group $(I:10\;{\mu}g/kg\;or\;II:100\;{\mu}g/kg)$, radiation alone group (7.5 or 12 Gy on the whole body), combination group with G-CSF and radiation (G-CSF I or II plus 7.5 Gy, G-CSF I or II plus 12 Gy), and control group. Radiation was administered with a 6 MV linear accelerator (Mevatron Siemens) with a dose rate of 3 Gy/min on day 0. G-CSF was injected subcutaneously for 3 days, once a day, from day -2 to day 0. Each group was sacrificed on the day 1, day 3, and day 7. The mucosal changes of jejunum were evaluated microscopically by crypt count per circumference, villi length, and histologic damage grading. Results : In both G-CSF I and II groups, crypt counts, villi length, and histologic damage scores were not significantly different from those of the control one (p>0.05). The 7.5 Gy and 12 Gy radiation alone groups showed significantly lower crypt counts and higher histologic damage scores compared with those of control one (p<0.05). The groups exposed to 7.5 Gy radiation plus G-CSF I or II showed significantly higher crypt counts and lower histologic damage scores on the day 3, and lower histologic damage scores on the day 7 compared with those of the 7.5 Gy radiation alone one (p<0.05). The 12 Gy radiation plus G-CSF I or II group did not show significant difference in crypt counts and histologic damage scores compared with those of the 12 Gy radiation alone one (p>0,05). Most of the mice in 12 Gy radiation with or without G-CSF group showed intestinal death within 5 days. Conclusion : These results suggest that G-CSF may protect the jejunal mucosa from the acute radiation damage following within the tolerable ranges of whole body irradiation in mice.

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