• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.778-785
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• 2021

The germination of cucumber seeds begins with the degradation of reserved oil to fatty acids within the lipid body, which are then further metabolized to acyl-CoA. The acyl-CoA moves from the lipid body to the glyoxysome following β-oxidation for the production of acetyl-CoA. As an initial carbon source supplier, acetyl-CoA is an essential molecule in the glyoxylate cycle within the glyoxysome, which produces the metabolic intermediates of citrate and malate, among others. The glyoxylate cycle is a necessary metabolic pathway for oil seed plant germination because it produces the metabolic intermediates for the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and for gluconeogenesis, such as the oxaloacetate, which moves to the cytosol for the initiation of gluconeogenesis by phophoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK). Following reserved oil mobilization, the production and transport of various metabolic intermediates are involved in the coordinated operation and activation of multiple metabolic pathways to supply directly usable carbohydrate in the form of glucose. Furthermore, corresponding gene expression regulation compatibly transforms the microbody to glyoxysome, which contains the organelle-specific malate synthase (MS) and isocitrate lyase (ICL) enzymes during oil seed germination. Together with glyoxylate cycle, carnitine, which mediates the supplementary route of the acetyl-CoA transport mechanism via the mitochondrial BOU (A BOUT DE SOUFFLE) system, possibly plays a secondary role in lipid metabolism for enhanced plant development.

• MISULJARYO - National Museum of Korea Art Journal
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• v.96
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• pp.181-208
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• 2019

This paper presents a new classification and code system on the Archives of the Government-general Museum of Joseon in the National Museum of Korea. Three points were noted that since the Museum belonged to the Government-general of Joseon, the classification system of the Archives should be established to comply with the Archives system of the Government-general of Joseon; based on the concept of the functional provenance, it is necessary to establish a classification system in accordance with the organization structure of the Government-general Museum of Joseon; a systematic and simple classification codes should be given based on the classification system to improve the convenience of searching and using the official document. The classification system and its code are proposed in the order of major function, medium function, small function, and detailed function. The major function of the Archives is 'A-Educational affairs', medium function 'Museum.' The small function may be divided into General affairs (01), Temple (02), Scenic Spot and Natural Monument (03), Historical Site (04), and Museum (05). The detailed function and detailed sub-functions are categorized by the various work assignments in each work units. I hope that this new classification system will make a contribution to organizing and utilizing the Archives of the Government-general Museum of Joseon in the National Museum of Korea.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.527-535
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• 2021

Lysosomes are organelles surrounded by membranes that contain acid hydrolases; they degrade proteins, macromolecules, and lipids. According to nutrient conditions, lysosomes act as signaling hubs that regulate intracellular signaling pathways and are involved in the homeostasis of cells. Therefore, the lysosomal dysfunction occurs in various diseases, such as lysosomal storage disease, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancers. Multiple forms of stress can increase lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP), resulting in the induction of lysosome-mediated cell death through the release of lysosomal enzymes, including cathepsin, into the cytosol. Here we review the molecular mechanisms of LMP-mediated cell death and the enhancement of sensitivity to anticancer drugs. Induction of partial LMP increases apoptosis by releasing some cathepsins, whereas massive LMP and rupture induce non-apoptotic cell death through release of many cathepsins and generation of ROS and iron. Cancer cells have many drug-accumulating lysosomes that are more resistant to lysosome-sequestered drugs, suggesting a model of drug-induced lysosome-mediated chemoresistance. Lysosomal sequestration of hydrophobic weak base anticancer drugs can have a significant impact on their subcellular distribution. Lysosome membrane damage by LMP can overcome resistance to anticancer drugs by freeing captured hydrophobic weak base drugs from lysosomes. Therefore, LMP inducers or lysosomotropic agents can regulate lysosomal integrity and are novel strategies for cancer therapy.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.538-546
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of cuff pressure on postoperative sore throat. Methods: Data were collected from January 4 through May 15, 2008. Among the 60 patients, 30 patients were randomly assigned to the control group and the rest to the experimental group. Initial cuff pressure of both groups was set at 20 $cmH_2O$. The experimental group was maintained at 20 $cmH_2O$ throughout the anesthesia, while the control group was not regulated further. Sore throat was assessed at postoperative 1, 24 and 72 hours. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney test and Spearman's rho coefficients. Results: Cuff pressure in control group increased from 20 to 43 $cmH_2O$ within 3 hours after induction. However, the experimental group showed that there was apparently a reduced rate of sore throat at postoperative 24 hours (p = .048), and 72 hours (p = .002) than in the control group. However, no outstanding differences between both groups at postoperative 1 hour (p = .081) were detected. The correlation between cuff pressure and sore throat was statistically significant ($r_s$ = .590, p < .001). Conclusion: We conclude that maintaining cuff pressure at 20 $cmH_2O$ could be an effective means to reduce sore throat in surgical patients with inhalation anesthesia.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.102-123
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• 1987

Many countries make it their national policy to develop science and technology as the primary element in their overall national development, they concentrate on identifying gifted students in those areas and on educating them in special institutions. At this point the environmental factors in those educational institutions are highlighted. Of all these factors, a favorable and amenable environment of a library, the treasure - house of knowledge, is the most essential to the early achievement of the stated educational aims. Thus, this thesis describes the importance of educating gifted students, and then examines, compares and analyzes the factors involved in improving the environments of institutional libraries for gifted students ; finally, this thesis proposes the minimum and optimum standards for library facilities, personnel, collections, and budgets.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.103-110
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• 2020

Seismic qualification of instruments and devices mounted on electrical cabinets in a nuclear power plant is performed in this study by means of the in-cabinet response spectrum (ICRS). A simple method and two rigorous methods are proposed in the EPRI NP-7146-SL guidelines for generating the ICRS. The simple method of EPRI can give unrealistic spectra that are excessively conservative in many cases. In the past, the time domain analysis (TDA) methods have been mostly used to analyze a structure. However, the TDA requires the generation of an artificial earthquake input motion compatible to the target response spectrum. The process of generating an artificial earthquake may involve a great deal of uncertainty. In addition, many time history analyses should be performed to increase the accuracy of the results. This study developed a numerical analysis program for generating the ICRS by frequency domain analysis (FDA) method. The developed program was validated by the numerical study. The ICRS calculated by FDA thoroughly matched with those obtained from TDA. This study then confirms that the method it proposes can simply and efficiently generate the ICRS compared to the time domain method.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.85-92
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• 2004

Objective : We studied the effect and possibility of the oriental medical conservative treatment on soft cervical disc herniation. Methods : From October.2001 to July. 2003, we observed 16 patients hospitalized because of soft cervical disc herniation diagnosed by Cervical M.R.I, symptoms and physical test. After treatment a standard of valuation was according to criteria of Robinson et al. Results : The clinical results were satisfactory as excellent in 4 case, good in 10 case, fair in 2 case. 87.5% of all were improved above good state. Conclusions : We considered that oriental medical conservative treatment has on useful effect on soft soft cervical disc herniation patient's treatment and recovery.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.9-20
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• 2001

In the 3rd Wave of information revolution, technical research & development for more rapid and safe information exchange take a sudden turn currently According to a step up in importance and efficiency value of information, it's necessary to research technical development in various field altogether. Especially information security is the very core of essential technology. However most System attacks are based on the weakness of OS, it is difficult to achieve the security goal in the only application level. For the solution of this problem, so many technology researches to serve secure, trust information security in OS itself are activated. Consequently we introduce the tendency of current secure OS development projects of security kernel all over world in this report and inquire into security mechanism of the File Griffin which prevents file system forgery, modification perfectly by performing digital signature certificate on kernel level.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.2326-2336
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• 1996

So most practical combustor is considered to the swirl flame, it is very important to examinate swirl flame structure and combustion characteristics. Recently, attention has been paid to the flame diagnostic by radical luminous intensity. For swirl flame structure and combustion characteristic, reverse flow boundary, temperature, ion current and radical luminous intensity were measured in the double-coaxial swirl combustor which was used principle of multi-annular combustor. This study had three experimental condition, S-type, C-type, SC-type. S-type and C-type flames were formed recirculation zone, but SC-type flame wasn't formed. C-type flame had two recirculation zone. The position with maximum value of ion current and CH-radical, temperature and OH-radical had similarity distribution almost. Therefore, it is possible that the macro structure of flame was measured by radical luminous intensity in the high intensity of turbulent combustion field which was formed by swirl.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 1978

An electron microscopical study on hemocytes of last instar larvae of Orthoptera (Acrida cinerea Thunberg, Paratenodera sinensis De Saussure, Atractomorpha lata Hotschulsk was performed to observe cell types, structures and their origins. Prohemocytes are the smallest round cells with large, nucleus, poorly developed cytoplasmic organelles and lower composition ratio, accouting for less than 1% of all cell types. Little remarked differences were revealed among different species. Plasmatocytes are relatively large cells with higher composition ratio, accounting for 5 to 20%. The majority of the plasmatocytes are oval forms with numerous external cytophismic projections., relatively well developed cytoplasmic organelles. Granular cells are characterized by various granules in cytoplasm. Some considerable remarked differences were revealed among different species. Furthermore the granules themselves differ in fine structures. Adipohemocytes were found only in Acrida cinerea Thunberg.