• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.193-208
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• 2020

In this study, we investigate the effects of technology innovation investments and employment on credit ratings of very small start-up businesses using the data period of 2009 till 2015 test two hypotheses: asymmetric information hypothesis or competence hypothesis. We use financial and non-financial data of 51,903 observations of 12,028 small businesses from a database of a commercial bank and fixed effects panel models and two-stage instrumental variable models. We find that in the short-run small size startups show lower credit ratings than non-startups, and that both technology innovation activities and employment capability improve their credit ratings. In the long-run, technology innovation investments do not improve their credit ratings of later years while employment capability improve their credit ratings of the subsequent year. In addition, the age of startups improves their credit ratings of the current year and until the subsequent two years while employee productivity, fixed ratio and ROA positively affect their credit ratings for up to three years. However, short-term and overall debt ratios, cost of borrowings and firm-size negatively affect their credit ratings for up to three years. The results of the study on credit ratings suggest that credit rating agencies seem to consider both technology innovation activities and employment capability in the credit ratings of small start-ups as 'competence factors' rather than 'asymmetric information factors' with inefficiency and cost burdens. The results also suggest that we must find ways to reflect properly the severe asymmetric information of the early-stage start-ups, and technology innovation activities and employment capability in the credit rating formula.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.377-402
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• 2003

This study aims at analysing basic operational grounds of regional financial institutions in Pusan. Since 1980s many papers have discussed the issues how to develop the regional financial market. But they have neglected regional financial institutions and failed to clarify their roles in the regional economy. Recently the central government expels many regional financial institutions under financial distresses from the regional financial market without assessing their roles in the regional economy. This paper shows that regional financial institutions are indispensible for the stability and development of the regional economy, especially because they can supply credit to the small firms and households which have vulnerable credit standings and are tightly constrained in their access to bank credit. This paper also examines how credit unions deal with the problems caused by asymmetric information after the collapse of solidarity.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.861-877
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to survey job stress and Musculoskeletal Disorder(MSDs) of workers in small plants with agricultural products. The subjects were comprised of 69 workers participated in "Helping the rural women to get the small businesses" project. The questionnaire surveys were Korean Occupational Stress Scale(KOSS), and Legal Risk Assessment of Musculoskeletal Disorders(KOSHA CODE H-30-2003). As a result of the survey, scores of KOSS 8 sub-items except for job demand were similar to that of Korea workers. Prevalence of MSDs symptoms of small plants workers was high percent (44.9%). And the rate according to kinds of product was significant difference at neck (p<0.01), lumbar (p<0.01), and leg (p<0.01). There was no significant difference between view person sign of MSDs and non MSDs according to sex, year, the number of workers, working years, working time per one day, rest time per one day, and subjective working intensity, but there were significant difference between high stress group and low stress group about MSDs at interpersonal conflict(p<0.05). Job stress and MSDs were important factor to workers of small plants producted agricultural products. Therefore, starting a business with small plats, workers consider interpersonal conflict and body part showing MSDs.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2011.07a
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• pp.634-635
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• 2011

국내 전력시장은 발전기별 비용에 근거한 운영체계를 가지고 있다. 특히 각 발전기의 임시발전가격(IGP, Interim Generating Unit Price)은 발전기별 기동비용 및 무부하비용을 평활화하여 시간대별 가격으로 변환하고 증분비를 더함으로써 산정되고 있으며 그 중에서 가장 높은 임시발전가격이 계통한계가격(SMP, System Marginal Price)으로 결정되고 있으나, 발전비용 최소화를 위하여 단시간 가동되는 소규모 발전기의 발전력 배분으로 계통한계가격의 Spike 현상이 종종 발생하고 있다. 이는 수요증가 및 발전력 부족에 의한 영향보다는 발전비용 최소화 구현과정에서의 현상이므로 이를 해결하기 위한 대안을 검토하고 이에 따른 전력시장의 계통한계가격 영향을 검토하였다.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to find out if there are meaningful differences between small rural middle schools and nearby urban ones In the mathematical diagnostic evaluation. It also says how to improve students' scholastic abilities, making up a question of attitudes towards math to know the mathematical abilities lowering cause in small rural middle schools. Findings are, 1. Students must recognize that studying math is essential and be interested in it. 2. The mathematical confidence is needed. 3. A strong will of studying math hard is important. 4. Students must have a motivational triggering, while solving math problems and then checking answers for themselves. 5. Backward countries' humanistic and social environmental factors should be overcome. In conclusion, we expect the mathematical abilities improvement, making students remove the mathematical abilities lowering cause after having a learning experience suitable for the rural community instead of the negative attitudes towards math.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2015.07a
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• pp.314-315
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• 2015

전력수요가 급증하면서 발전량 확보에 대한 요구에 따라 원자력 및 화력과 같은 기존 주요 발전설비로 인한 환경오염 문제에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 일본 3.11 대지진과 후쿠시마 원전사고는 공급 위주의 전력에너지 정책 패러다임에 변화를 주었다. 원자력발전소 건설 규제 및 대책요구에 대한 여론이 높아짐에 따라 전력산업 전반적으로 수용가의 효율적인 에너지 사용을 포함하는 지능형 전력망(Smart Grid)과 수요반응(Demand Response) 기술이 화두가 되고 있다. 배전 시스템내의 어플리케이션 간의 정보 교환은 IEC TC-57 WG-14에 의해 IEC 61968 표준 규격으로 정의되고 Part 4인 "Records and Asset Management"에 기술된 규격에 대한 이해를 요구하고 한다. DMS와 GIS 시스템과 기존 연동하여 이러한 소규모의 마이크로그리드 시스템의 플랫폼으로 활용하도록 데이터교환 및 외부 GIS를 플랫폼으로 활용하는 통신 프로토콜을 소개하고자 한다.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.1021-1039
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• 2012

Based on the ergonomic evaluation of workers in the domestic traditional Korean sweet manufacturer, one of the small scale agricultural product manufacturers, the purpose of this study is on estimating the specific works and muscles that have possibility of musculoskeletal disorder through an EMG experiment for quantitative evaluation. The method followed in an order: works that have musculoskeletal disorder risk were extracted through ergonomic assessment tools, RULA and REBA, and then EMG experiment on the postures was carried out with six healthy adult male patients. As an ergonomic evaluation result, work posture during the drying process had the greatest musculoskeletal disorder risk, and EMG activity in the cleansing work posture scored the highest among the drying, cleansing, and coating work postures. In particular in the drying work, relatively high EMG activities were shown in the two muscles in the lower body: biceps femoris muscle, and gastrocnemius, than any other muscles. Therefore, during the traditional Korean sweet workplace design in future, the workplace requires a posture that deeply bow wrist for a long time should be avoided.

• 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2018.04a
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• pp.67-74
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• 2018

소상공인 창업자들이 자금조달의 대부분을 은행 대출에 의존하고 있는 가운데 소규모 자금 조달을 필요로 하는 이들을 위해 핀테크 기반의 새로운 금융서비스를 통해 소상공인 창업자의 금융 공급을 확산할 필요가 있다. 이러한 환경 변화 패러다임에서 본 연구는 빅데이터와 핀테크 솔루션의 활용이 소상공인의 매출과 금융지원에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기 위해 실제로 공공과 민간의 상권빅데이터자료를 수집하여 분석을 수행하였다. 이를 통해 소상공인에 대한 금융혜택 증대를 위한 사업장의 매출증대 등 소상공인 창업자의 사업성 평가에 필요한 주요변수들을 상권빅데이터를 실증적으로 분석하여 효과성을 검증하는 것이 본 연구의 목적이다. 특히 자금의 대부분을 정책자금을 통해 조달하는 소상공인들이 일반 은행에서도 중소기업 대출의 하나로 비중 있게 이루어질 수 있도록 기존에 활용되지 못한 빅데이터 변수들을 탐색하여 소상공인의 경쟁력 향상을 위한 효율적인 금융지원이 가능함을 확인하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 소상공인 창업자의 대출 등 금융지원 확대를 위한 사업성 평가에 상권빅데이터의 활용 가능성이 있는지를 중심으로 문헌적 연구방법 연구와 실증적 분석을 병행하였다. 본 연구는 핀테크와 빅데이터의 활용이 향후 소상공인 자금 조달의 발전 방향이 어떻게 되어야하는지를 모색해야하며, 소상공인을 포함하는 중소기업 신용평가방식의 발전 방향을 구체적으로 모색되어야 할 시점임을 의미하고 있다.

• Review of KIISC
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.66-75
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• 2008

신용카드 및 직불카드 회사들의 연합체인 PCI SSC(PCI Security Standards Council)는 2004년 가정이나 소매상과 같은 소규모 환경에서 고객들의 금융 정보 유출을 방지하기 위한 목적으로 PCI DSS가 제정되었다. 국내에서는 2007년부터 PCI DSS 보안감사제도가 시행되었으며 유일하게 PCI DSS 보안감사자를 보유한 (주)에이쓰리시큐리티사가 가맹점1) 및 PG/VAN사(社)를 대상으로 PCI DSS 보안감사를 실시하였다. 본 연구에서는 2007년 한 해 동안 국내의 PCI DSS 보안감사를 수행하면서 요구사항에 만족하지 못하는 항목들에 대한 사례를 분석함으로써 국내 PCI DSS 보안감사 도입의 현 주소를 파악하고 이에 대한 개선안을 도출하여 보안감사에 보다 유연하게 대처할 수 있도록 하고자 한다. 2007년 한해 국내 보안감사 실시 결과 PCI DSS 보안감사 대상자의 요구사항 준수율은 평균 81%로 측정되었으며, 전체 233개의 요구사항 중 미적용으로 평가된 항목은 평균 38.7개로 나타났다. 전체적인 평균으로 따져봤을 경우 어느 정도 양호한 수준으로 판단할 수도 있으나 피감사 기업의 업태나 사전준비의 유무에 따라 많은 격차가 있었다. 특히, 기반이 튼튼한 PG사나 VAN사에 비해 신규로 등록되어 사업규모가 작거나 타사에 비해 카드결제산업이 차지하는 사업비중이 작은 곳은 PCI DSS 보안감사의 요구사항을 준수하는데 어려움을 겪고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 PCI DSS 보안감사를 통해 도출된 미적용 사항 중 가장 많은 미적용율을 나타낸 10가지 항목에 대하여 분석하고 이에 대한 대안을 제시함으로써 향후, PCI DSS의 요구사항을 기업환경에 맞게 적용하기 위해 효율적인 가이드로써 활용되었으면 하는 바램이다.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.125-140
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• 2018

According to statistics, it is shown that domestic SMEs rely on bank loans for the majority of fund procurement. From financial information shortage (Thin file) that does not provide information necessary for credit evaluation from banks such as financial statements. In order to overcome these problems, recently, in alternative finance such as P2P, using differentiated information such as demographics, trading information and the like utilizing Fintech instead of existing financial information, small funds A new credit evaluation method has been expanding to provide SMEs with small amounts of money. In this paradigm of environmental change, in this research, credit evaluation which can expand fund supply to SMEs by utilizing big data based on trade area information such as sales fluctuation, location conditions etc. In this research, we try to find such a solution. By analyzing empirically the big data generated in the trade area, we verify the effectiveness as a credit evaluation factor and try to derive the main parameters necessary for the business performance evaluation of the founder of SMEs. In this research, for 17,116 material businesses in Seoul City that operate the service industry from 2009 to February 2018, we collect trade area information generated for each business location from Big Data specialized company NICE Zini Data Co., Ltd.. We collected and analyzed the data on the locations and commercial areas of the facilities that were difficult to obtain from SMEs and analyzed the data that affected the Corporate financial Distress. It is possible to refer to the variable of the existing unused big data and to confirm the possibility of utilizing it for efficient financial support for SMEs, This is to ensure that commercial lenders, even in general commercial banks, are made to be more prominent in one sector of the financing of SMEs. In this research, it is not the traditional financial information about raising fund of SMEs who have basically the problem of information asymmetry, but a trade area analysis variable is derived, and this variable is evaluated by credit evaluation There is differentiation of research in that it verified through analysis of big data from Trading-area whether or not there is an effect on.