• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 2013

A family of Cr(III) complexes supported on tridentate dibenzimidazolyl ligands having a general formula: $[N(CH_3)(CH_2)_2(Bm-R)_2]CrCl_3$ [where Bm = benzimidazolyl, R = H (3a); -Me(3b); -Bn (3c)] have been synthesized and utilized them for the trans-1,4-specific polymerizations of 1,3-butadiene (BD), activated with methylalumoxane (MAO). The activity of BD polymerizations was sensitive to the type of ligand on the Cr metal, so that the activity decreases in the order of 3a > 3c > 3b. All the catalysts combined with MAO yielded polybutadienes with perfect trans-1,4 structure with moderate molecular weight.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.43-50
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• 2021

In this paper, we design and implement KITNESS, a windows application that feeds back the accuracy of fitness motions based on Kinect sensors. The feature of this application is to use Kinect's camera and joint recognition sensor to give feedback to the user to exercise in the correct fitness position. At this time, the distance between the user and the Kinect is measured using Kinect's IR Emitter and IR Depth Sensor, and the joint, which is the user's joint position, and the Skeleton data of each joint are measured. Using this data, a certain distance is calculated for each joint position and posture of the user, and the accuracy of the posture is determined. And it is implemented so that users can check their posture through Kinect's RGB camera. That is, if the user's posture is correct, the skeleton information is displayed as a green line, and if it is not correct, the inaccurate part is displayed as a red line to inform intuitively. Through this application, the user receives feedback on the accuracy of the exercise position, so he can exercise himself in the correct position. This application classifies the exercise area into three areas: neck, waist, and leg, and increases the recognition rate of Kinect by excluding positions that Kinect does not recognize due to overlapping joints in the position of each exercise area. And at the end of the application, the last exercise is shown as an image for 5 seconds to inspire a sense of accomplishment and to continuously exercise.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.163-173
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• 2022

This study attempted to categorize the lower body torso type and investigated its characteristics for women in their 40s, 50s, and 60s, who increase the frequency of incontinence. This study analyzed the 8th human dimension survey data of Korean Agency for Technology and Standards. The data were analyzed by SPSS 26.0 program. It was analyzed that the height item of the lower body torso decreased, the width item widen as the age increases, and the waist and abdomen circumference of the circumference item increased and the hip circumference decreased. Body length decreased with age. The components of the lower torso were classified into the lower torso horizontal factor, height factor, lower factor, and vertical factor. The lower body torso type was classified into a long inverted triangular body type, a short and high body type, a body fat body type, and a low triangular body type. It was analyzed that type 3 was the largest in the horizontal factor and height factor, and type 1 was the largest in the vertical factor and the lower part factor. A new drafting method was required in setting the horizontal part of the incontinence panty, the front and the back length.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.57 no.6
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• pp.263-272
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• 2018

This study examined the association of gait variability and physical fitness with frailty status in older women. In a cross-sectional design, 168 elderly women, aged 65 years and older (75.07±5.40 years), measured body composition, gait parameters gait variability, physical fitness variables, MMSE-DS and CES-D. Subjects were classified as robust, pre-frail, and frailty based on the Fried et al.(2001) criteria for frailty weight loss, exhaustion, low hand-grip strength, low gait speed, and physical inactivity. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine the odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of frailty status for having gait variability and physical fitness levels. Compared to the robust group (OR=1), the frailty group had significantly higher ORs of having terminal double limb stance (OR=1.48, 95% CI=0.10-2.21, p=.049), step cadence (OR=2.06, 95%CI=1.20-3.43, p=.009) variability, and significantly lower ORs of having upper-strength (OR=0.49, 95%CI=0.31-0.77, p=.002) even after adjusting for age, education, comorbidity, K-IADL, MMSE-KC and CES-D score. The finding of this study suggested that terminal double limb stance, step cadence and upper body muscular strength were independent predictors of frailty.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.86-103
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• 2024

This study interprets the evolving ideologies of Singapore's urban environmental policies focusing on the meanings encapsulated within the notion of 'garden'. Through a comprehensive review of policy documents, legislative materials, development projects, government promotional materials, and organizational changes in each era, the study identifies three phases, each with distinct central themes. Commencing in the 1960s, the initial phase projected a meticulously controlled and managed cityscape using the notion of garden, which was epitomized by the slogan 'Garden City'. In this phase, garden was a representative concept that embodied the cleanliness and greenness of the city, and also served as a strategic rhetoric to effectively transfer the ideology of an exemplary picturesque city to the public. Subsequently, in the 1970s, the focus gradually shifted from individual green spaces and bodies of water towards a collective system which served as a foundational infrastructure of the city-nation. This evolution was reflected in the new slogan 'City in a Garden', where the garden is now not only summoned for its external appearance but also as an unified system which serves as the cornerstone of the city. Through these phases, the Singaporean government developed a scheme capable of integrated management of green spaces and water resources tailored to the scale and function of each. Building upon this foundation, the early 2000s saw the adoption of a new orientation focusing on sustainability and urban ecology, encapsulated in the revised slogan 'City in Nature'. For more than five decades, Singapore has demonstrated an adept utilization of the notion 'garden'. This scholarly examination underscores Singapore's journey in redefining urban landscapes through the strategic employment of the concept of garden in its urban environmental policies. By tracing the evolution of the garden concept across distinct phases, the study illuminates how the Singaporean government leveraged the garden's versatility: from an effective metaphor of aesthetic values to an integral component of its holistic urban system, and finally to a bridge between the urban and the natural.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.389-398
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• 2010

The present experiment was carried out to compare performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality among three major meat-type duck strains in Korea. Two commercial duck (CD) strains, produced from parent stocks (PS) (Cherry Valley and Grimaud), and $F_1$ strains, self-produced by farmers, were used in an 8-week feeding experiment. Both feed conversion ratio and production index were significantly higher in Cherry Valley strain compared with the other two at the ends of 6 and 8 weeks (p<0.05). However, no differences were found in carcass characteristics and meat quality, with the exception of abdominal fat weight where Grimaud were higher than the others. Overall, the results of the current study show that Cherry Valley CD strain had higher performance among three strains tested.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.427-432
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• 2010

Rice bakanae disease caused by Fusarium fujikuroi is one of the most serious rice diseases in Korea. From 2006 to 2009, 118 F. fujikuroi isolates were collected from various regions of rice fields in Korea. Resistance assay of 118 F. fujikuroi isolates to prochloraz, tebuconazole, and benomyl, were performed using agar dilution method. To investigate inhibitory effects of the fungicides, minimum inhibitory concentration of mycelial growth (MIC) and effective concentration inhibiting mycelial growth by 50% ($EC_{50}$) for 118 isolates were calculated using Sigmaplot 8.02 (Antro, SPSS UK, Ltd). Based on the means of $EC_{50}$ values, baseline resistance values were determined as $0.5{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$ for prochloraz, $5.0{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$ for tebuconazole and $2.5{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$ for benomyl. Number of resistant isolates to each fungicide was 17, 19 and 43 for prochloraz, tebuconazole and benomyl, respectively. Furthermore, 4 isolates showed the double resistance to both prochloraz and tebuconazole, 6 isolates to prochloraz and benomyl, and 11 isolates to tebuconazole and benomyl. Isolates CF366 and LF335 isolated from Gyeongbuk province were resistant to the three fungicides tested, prochloraz, tebuconazole and benomyl.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.174-184
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• 1991

To determine the incidence rate of accidents and its associated factors, a prospective survey was carried out in a rural area of a total of 1,360 residents for 1 year from January 1 to December 31, 1988 in Shin-am Ri, Jungdong Myun, Sangju Kun, Kyungpook Province. Data for accidents were collected by the community health practitioner who is working at Primary Health Post in Shin-am Ri. A total number of accident cases was 85 among 1,360 persons during one year study period, and annual incidence rate was 62.5 per 1,000 persons. The highest incidence rate of accident was observed in the age group of 30-39 was 179.8. The incidence rate of accident in male was 86.5 which was about 2 times that in female. In male, the highest incidence rate was seen in 30-39 age group and in female, 60-69 age group. The highest incidence rate of accident was observed in spring(29.4%) and summer(29.4%), and the lowest in fall(17.7%). The highest incidence rate of accident was observed in Friday(24.5%) by day of week, and between 9 a.m. to 12 a.m. by time zone. The most frequent use of medical facilities was Primary Health Post(51.8%) and the next was clinic(38.8%). Mean duration of treatment was 9.8 days. The accident occured in the room and kitchen(23.5%), in the yard and barn(23.5%), on the road(22.4%). and in the rice field and dry field(20.0%). The causes of accident were motor vehicle accident(20.0%), piercing or cutting(20.0%), collision or fighting(12.9%), and poisoning(11.8%) in order of frequency. The most common type of injury was open wound which was 43.5%. The most common tool of accident was farm machine which was 23.5%. The most common injuried part of body was extremity(55.3%).

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.355-365
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• 2011

This study investigated how dietary fat affects muscle atrophy and lipid metabolism in various muscles during hindlimb immobilization in rats. Twenty-four male Sprague?Dawley rats had their left hindlimb immobilized and were divided into four groups by dietary fat content and composition. The contralateral hindlimb (control) was compared with the immobilized limb in all dietary groups. Rats (n = 6/group) were fed a 4% corn oil diet (CO), 2.6% corn oil + 1.4% fish oil diet (FO), 30% corn oil diet (HCO), or a 30% beef tallow diet (HBT)after their hind limbs were immobilized for 10 days. Data were collected for the gastrocnemius, plantaris and soleus muscles. Muscle atrophy was induced significantly after 10 days of hindlimb immobilization, resulting in significantly decreased muscle mass and total muscle protein content. The protein levels of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor ${\delta}$ (PPAR${\delta}$) in the plantaris, gastrocnemius, and soleus increased following hindlimb immobilization irrespective of dietary fat intake. Interestingly, the PPAR${\delta}$ mRNA level in the plantaris decreased significantly in all groups and that in the FO group was lower than that in the other groups. The soleus PPAR${\delta}$ mRNA level decreased significantly following hindlimb immobilization in the FO group only. Muscle carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (mCPT1) mRNA level was not affected by hindlimb immobilization. However, the mCPT1 mRNA level in the FO group was significantly lower in the plantaris but higher in the soleus than that in the other groups. The pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) mRNA level in the plantaris decreased significantly, whereas that in the soleus increased significantly following hindlimb immobilization. The plantaris, but not soleus, PDK4 mRNA level was significantly higher in the FO group than that in the CO group. The increased PPAR${\delta}$ protein level following hindlimb immobilization may have suppressed triglyceride accumulation in muscles and different types of dietary fat may have differentially affected muscle atrophy according to muscle type. Our results suggest that ${\omega}$-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids may suppress muscle atrophy and lipid accumulation by positively affecting the expression level and activity of PPAR${\delta}$ and PPAR${\delta}$-related enzymes, which are supposed to play an important role in muscle lipid metabolism.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.39-43
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• 2008

Purpose: We evaluated whether it was necessary to perform whole body acquisition of $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT including whole skull and lower extremity (LE) distal to mid-thigh (MT) in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Materials and Methods: Thirty patients underwent 45 whole body $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT scans including skull and LE distal to MT. PET scans were divided by 2 subgroups according to the presence of abnormal focal $^{18}F$-FDG uptake in skull or LE distal to MT. Clinical characteristics including age, sex, and stages were compared between the 2 subgroups. Results: Of total 45 whole body PET/CT scans, focally increased abnormal FDG uptake in the skull or LE distal to MT suggesting myeloma involvement was found in 22 scans (48.9%) of 14 patients (46.7%). Skull lesions were more frequently observed than LE lesions distal to MT on PET (86.4% vs. 40.9%, p<0.005). There were no significant differences in age, sex, initial Durie/Salmon stage, and tumor burden at the time of PET scan suggested by serum hemoglobin level, serum calcium level, serum and urine paraprotein level, and serum creatinine level between the two subgroups. The presence of the skull or LE distal MT lesions on PET did not affect on the Durie/Salmon plus stage except only 1 case (1/22, 4.5%, p>0.05). Conclusion: Abnormal lesions in the skull or LE distal to MT on $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT did not affect significantly on the tumor burden and Durie/Salmon plus stage of MM. Therefore, torso PET acquisition including head may be sufficient for evaluating patients with MM.