• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.9
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• pp.67-83
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• 2008

This study is process of conservation treatment for textiles and custumes containing Jikgeum(weave with supplementary golden wefts) and Bugeum(Gold sticking) among excavated ones(including all of Sinsu751) of Cheongyeongunju (a princess) collected by the National Museum of Korea. Adhesive strength was reinforced by coating 2% solution of glue on layer of gold disintegrated in the course of depletion of gold(Au) on the surface after conducting nondestructive test(X-ray fluorescent analysis) of flat gold strip and gold sticking. To remove dust on the surface and polluted materials, dry cleaning through vacuum suction and spray-type wet cleaning were conducted simultaneously and damaged part was restored to recover the relics to original state.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.103-106
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 펜톤산화반응에서 과산화수소의 분해촉매로 일반적으로 쓰이는 Fe(II) 형태의 철염대신 Fe$^{\circ}$형태의 분말 철을 이용한 펜톤유사반응(Fenton-like oxidation)에 의한 매립지 침출수(sCODcr 1,100 mg/L, pH 8)의 CODcr 제거특성에 관한 회분식 처리실험을 수행하였다. 실험조건으로는 상온, 상압조건에서 Jar tester를 사용하여 분말 철의 주입 량과 산 세척도, 초기 반응 pH, 과산화수소의 주입 량을 변화시켜가며 침출수의 CODcr 제거효율 의 변화를 관찰하였으며, 이때 과산화수소의 분해 특성과 반응 중 pH의 변화도 함께 분석하였다. 반응은 모든 조건에서 대부분 약 30분 이내에 종료되었으며 그 이후의 반응변화는 미미하였다. 산 세척에 의한 분말 철 표면의 개질로 반응성의 향상을 관찰할 수 있었으며, 분말 철 주입 량을 증가함에 따라 반응속도가 일정하게 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구에 서 CODcr의 제거 효율에 가장 큰 영향을 보여준 실험변수는 pH 였으며, 원수의 pH(8)를 2-4까지 조절하여 반응을 시켰을 때 최대 75%의 CODcr 제거효율을 얻을 수 있었다. 반응중 pH는 모든 조건에서 시간에 따라 증가하여 약 pH 9에서 더 이상 변화하지 않았다. 용액내 과산화수소의 잔류농도의 곡선은 반응 중 CODcr의 곡선과 유사한 변화를 나타내었다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.30-34
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• 2000

Salted Chinese cabbage was washed in 1,000 ppm solutions of grapefruit seed extract(GFSE) or citric acid, and used to make kimchi for the retentio of quality characteristics during fermentation at $10^{\circ}C$. Kimchi treated with GFSE or citric acid showed a retarded increase in titratable acidity and decrease in pH and reducing sugar content. Total microbial count and lactic acid bacteria of GFSE treated kimchi were about 1.1 log(CFU/g) lower than those of control and citric acid treated kimchi after making, but the difference was gradually reduced during fermentation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.36 no.11
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• pp.1237-1245
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• 2012

The effect of hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of PET fabric on the detergency of particulate soil were investigated as functions of the concentration of hydrophilic and hydrophobic chemicals, surfactant concentration, ionic strength, adhesion and removal time, and pH. The detergency of the particulate soil was determined by the adhesion of particles to and their removal from fabric, the PET fabric and ${\alpha}-Fe_2O_3$ were used as textile materials and for the model of particulate soil, respectively. The hydrophilic and hydrophobic finish for PET fabric was treated with a polyester, silicone and fluorine organic compound of resin respectively. The adhesion of particulate soil to fabric treated with hydrophobic chemicals were slightly higher but its removal from fabric treated with hydrophobic chemicals was largely higher than fabric treated with a hydrophilic chemical regardless of solution conditions such as the concentration of hydrophilic and hydrophobic chemicals, surfactant concentration, ionic strength, adhesion and removal time, and pH. Therefore, hydrophobic treatment for fabric had a more positive effect than the hydrophilic treatment on the detergency of particulate soil.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.62-66
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• 2018

In this study the cleaning spherical beads with same density as water were fabricated. Bead moving velocity was measured with respect to the aeration rate and bead concentration in water reservoir. The permeation experiments for FR (filtration and relaxation) and SFCO (sinusoidal filtration continuous operation) modes were simultaneously carried out under the condition of 1 to 3% cleaning spherical bead concentration, 20 LMH and 500 mL/min aeration rate in the MLSS 8,000 mg/L activated sludge solution. The used membrane was the $90cm^2$ effective area and $0.4{\mu}m$ nominal pore size flat membrane. The TMP (transmembrane pressure) decreased as the bead concentration increased, and was shown most effective in FR mode with 2% bead concentration.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.1242-1251
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• 2011

This study investigates the effect of mixed characteristics of oily soil such as mixed ratio, polarity of oily soil on contact angle of fabric, removal of oily and particulate soil from PET fabric in oily/particulate soil mixed system. The contact angle of fabric in the surfactant solution with suspended oily soil was examined as a fundamental environment of detergency of soil from fabrics. Detergency was investigated as function of mixed ratios of oily/ particulate soil, type of oily soil, surfactants concentration, surfactant type and temperature of detergency in surfactant solution. The contact angle of fabric in surfactant solution sharply increased with mixing nonpolar oily soil; in addition, the contact angle slightly increased with increasing contents of oily soil and decreased with increasing surfactant concentration. The removal of oily and particulate soil from fabric was higher in the solution mixed with polar versus nonpolar oily soil. The detergency increased with increasing surfactant concentration and the increased temperature of surfactants solution that were relatively improved in NPE compared to DBS solutions, The results indicated that the detergency of oily and particulate soil showed a similar trend in oily/ particulate mixed soil systems. The general contact angle of fabric was well related with the detergency of oily and particulate soil in oily/particulate mixed soil system, therefore, the primary factor determining the detergency of soil in oily/particulate mixed soil system may be the contact angle of fabric caused by wettability.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.201-205
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• 2003

The optimum autolysis conditions were investigated to prepare yeast autolyzate (extract) using yeast slurry collected from brewery plants. Brewers yeast slurry was washed with caustic soda to eliminate bitter hof substances attached to yeast cell walks. The pH of brewers yeast slurry was adjusted to 9.8 with caustic soda, and centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for 5 min. The supernatant was discarded, and the bottom cake was rehydrated and collected. Bitterness unit (BU) of washed yeast slurry was 24.1 BU, below the threshold value of 25.0. Yeast extract could be obtained from washed brewers yeast slurry at maximum yield up to 38% by autolyzing at pH 6.8 and $53^{\circ}C$ for 20 h.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.39-47
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• 2001

According to a series of batch-scale washing tests, SDS+$POE_5$ and $POE_5$+$POE_14$ were determined for the applicable mixed surfactants. Because SDS+$POE_5$ showed slightly negative effects on the microbes in the toxicity tests, $POE_5$+$POE_14$((1:1) 1%) was chosen for this study. In the in-situ flushing experiments, the removal rate of endosulfan was 67% for the injection rate of 1.5L/min/$\textrm{km}^2$. And when methanol and ethanol were added as cosolvent, 75% and 81% removal efficiencies were achieved, respectively. In the tests of bioremediation after the application of in-situ flushing, the removal rates of contaminated soils having 13mg/kg dry soil and 3mg/kg dry soil as initial concentrations were 86% and 81%, respectively. There were no significant degradation after 24 hours. The major rate-limiting factor for the biodegradation of endosulfan might be the mass transfer from soil phase to liquid phase after 24 hours. With the addition of surfactant, 89% removal was achieved after 120 hours. Because the surfactant improved the mass transfer rate, the biodegradation of endosulfan was enhanced. When surfactant and cosolvent were added together, the adaptation period of microorganisms to the surfactant became longer and the removal rates were 84% and 83% for methanol and ethanol, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.75-79
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• 2022

Fresh, washed ginseng can be contaminated with microorganism loads as high as 6.5 log CFU/g for total bacteria and 4.3 log CFU/g for mold. The goal of this study was to test eight antibacterial agents on ginseng. Immersing fresh ginseng washed in 1% (w/w) sodium citrate, sodium diacetate, sodium acetate, citric acid, and sodium lactate solution for 1 h resulted in a bactericidal effect of 31.0-97.5% for total bacteria. Among the organic acids, sodium citrate had the best antibacterial effect, with total bacteria reduced from 6.5 log to 4.9 log CFU/g. A 1% (w/w) vitamin B₁ lauryl sulfate solution with surfactant function by hydrophilic and hydrophobic sites can reduce 2.7 log CFU/g (99.8% inactivation) on total bacteria. In the 1% (w/w) calcium oxide solution, total bacteria were reduced by 3 log, showing an excellent inactivation effect of 99.9%. Calcium oxide is a highly useful material for inactivation of microorganisms in fresh ginseng.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.534-539
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• 2005

Effects of grapefruit seed extract and Ag ion solution on the keeping quality and shelf life of mungbean sprouts were investigated in terms of weight loss, gas composition, hardness, color, ascorbic acid content, and viable cell counts during storage. Packages with $30\;{\mu}m$ polypropylene(PP) film was applied for mungbean sprouts dipped in Ag ion solution, 50 ppm and 100 ppm GFSE, 50 ppm and 100 ppm GFSE in Ag ion solution and stored $5^{\circ}C$. Totally weight loss exceeded $1\%$ and no visible signs of shrivelling of mungbean sprouts were observed. GFSE in Ag ion solution treatment, resulting in mungbean sprouts of better visual quality, weight loss, color, ascorbic acid as compared to the control without dipping. A shelf life of 6 days was achieved with 100 ppm GFSE in Ag ion solution treatment.