• Title/Summary/Keyword: 세대 간 양가성

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Psychometrics of a Korean intergenerational psychological ambivalence scale for young adult children (한국판 세대 간 심리적 양가성 척도 타당화: 청년자녀를 중심으로)

  • Lee, Jeenkyoung;Lee, Jaerim
    • Journal of Family Relations
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.105-130
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    • 2018
  • Objective: In this study, we examined the psychometric properties of the Korean Intergenerational Psychological Ambivalence Scale (KIPAS) for young adult children. Method: Data came from 1,140 Korean young adults aged 19-34, who were never married and had at least one living parent. We translated the individual-subjective dimension of Zygowicz's (2006) Intergenerational Ambivalence Scale from English to Korean. The individual-subjective dimension had eight items that directly measured intergenerational psychological ambivalence (D-KIPAS) and 10 items that indirectly measured intergenerational psychological ambivalence (I-KIPAS). Results: The D-KIPAS and I-KIPAS items showed good internal consistency both for the mother and the father. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that D-KIPAS items loaded on one factor after controlling for method effects, which allowed error variances among the four non-reversed items to covary. Both the positive and negative items of I-KIPAS had good reliability and loaded on the same factor. The mean score of D-KIPAS and the calculated score of I-KIPAS were significantly but moderately correlated, which indicates that the D-KIPAS and I-KIPAS assess correlated but distinct aspects of intergenerational ambivalence. Correlations among D-KIPAS, I-KIPAS, and the proxy variables of intergenerational solidarity and conflict supported the discriminant validity of the KIPAS. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that both D-KIPAS and I-KIPAS are reliable and valid tools to measure intergenerational psychological ambivalence among Korean young adults.

Development of an intergenerational ambivalence scale to measure the intergenerational relationship of middle-aged married couples to their mother and in-law (중년기 기혼부부의 어머니와의 세대관계 측정을 위한 양가성 척도개발)

  • Yoo, Minyoung;Chung, Hyunsook
    • Journal of Family Relations
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    • v.22 no.4
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    • pp.239-256
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    • 2018
  • Objective: The purpose of this research is to develop an intergenerational ambivalence scale which can measure the intergenerational relationship between middle-aged married couples and their mothers/mother-in-law. Method: The initial items were selected by reviewing the previous research and literature. To test validity and reliability, 222 middle-aged married couples who were residing in Seoul or the Gyeonggi area were selected. Results: The results of the research are as follows: 1) the scale was the total of 26 items consisting of two sub-factors of 14 positives and 12 negatives from the analysis of content validity, construct validity, and convergent validity, 2) the reliability of Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ were from .90 to .94 which showed a high degree of internal consistency. Conclusions: The intergenerational ambivalence scale developed is expected to serve as a useful tool for those who study the intergenerational relationship and work on the ground to measure people's intergenerational dynamics.

A Study on Intergenerational Affective Solidarity in Korean Families (세대간 애정적 결속에 있어서 부계와 모계의 비교 연구)

  • Choi, Seul-Ki;Choi, Sae-Eun
    • Survey Research
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.89-112
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    • 2012
  • This study aims to explore emotional closeness between grandparents and grandchildren in Korean families with a focus on the lineage. The effects of the geographical proximity and the normative aspect as well as intergenerational financial, instrumental, and emotional supports were taken into consideration to accounting for the grandparent-grandchildren affective solidarity. Research questions are addressed using the data of "Survey on Generational Solidarity and Differences in Cultural Experience and Perception in Korea", and a series of multinomial regression model were conducted. Findings indicate that the salient factor to boost grandchildren's affective solidarity with paternal grandparents is financial transfers between grandparents and parents. By contrast, all types of intergenerational supports affected grandchildren's emotional closeness toward maternal grandparents. Geographical proximity was associated with the affective solidarity between grandchildren and maternal grandparents. The effects of normative solidarity were not shown at both lineages.

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Providing and Utilizing Child Care by Grandmothers in South Korea : Grandmothers' and Employed Mothers' Relationship Experiences (손자녀 양육지원에 따른 조모와 취업모의 관계 경험 : 세대 간 지원 제공 및 수혜의 의미)

  • Lee, Jaerim
    • Journal of Families and Better Life
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    • v.31 no.2
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    • pp.1-24
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    • 2013
  • The purpose of this study was to understand the lived experiences of grandmothers who provide child care services to their grandchildren and employed mothers who utilize child care by grandmothers, with regards to their relationships while exchanging the specific type of intergenerational support. The data for this study came from 42 in-depth, individual interviews with 21 pairs of employed mothers who had at least one child younger than elementary-school age and their mothers or mothers-in-law who had provided child care on a daily basis for their grandchildren. Our phenomenological analysis revealed that the grandmothers felt uncomfortable and overwhelmed when caring for their grandchildren and that they considered this activity to be different from caring for their own children by nature. However, the grandmothers wanted to help their adult children based on their feeling of "boo-mo-ma-eum" (meaning parental heart, i.e., love or care). The employed mothers perceived that they were substantially dependent on the grandmothers by receiving help with child care and housework. Reliance on grandmothers was inevitable and beneficial to these mothers. Dynamic intergenerational living arrangements enabled the dependent relationships. The grandmothers set specific boundaries pertaining to current and future child care so that they would not take on too much responsibility for child care. The mothers used various strategies that contributed to stable child care support from the grandmothers. Providing financial remuneration was an important strategy that had symbolic relational meanings, such as expressing gratitude, rather than financial meanings.

The Relationship between Cultural Self-construal of Korean and Alexithymia: A Serial Mediation Process Model of Ambivalence over Emotion Expression and Emotion Suppression Moderated by Generation (한국인의 문화적 자기관과 감정표현불능증의 관계: 세대에 의해 조절된 정서표현양가성 및 정서억제 연속매개과정 모형)

  • Haejin Kim;Soyoung Kwon;Sunho Jung;Donghoon Lee
    • Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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    • v.29 no.2
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    • pp.171-197
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    • 2023
  • The traditional Korean society has been classified as an Eastern collectivist culture, but in the flow of globalization and digitalization along with the post-Cold War era of the 1970s, Western individualistic culture and values quickly permeated the Korean younger generation. Since rapid changes occurred within a short period of time, there may be differences in cultural self-construal between generations living in the same era. Due to this, psychological problems related to emotional expression and suppression may appear differently depending on generations. Therefore, in the current study, 1,000 Korean adult men and women from their 20s to 60s were investigated for their level of independent and interdependent self-construal, alexithymia, ambivalence over emotional expression(AEE) and emotional suppression(ES). Then the relationship between the variables(self-construal and alexithymia,) and the mediating process of AEE and ES were examined. The generation of participants were divided into the industrialization cohort (birth year < 1970) and the digitalization cohort (birth year starting from 1970). Using the PROCESS macro(Hayes, 2022), we tested a serial mediation model of AEE and ES between the relative independent self-construal(RIS) and alexithymia. The results indicate that the level of alexithymia increases by the serial increase of AEE and ES when RIS decreases. Next, we examined a moderation effect of generatione on the mediation process of AEE and ES, and found that generation moderates the relationship between ES and alexithymia. That is, the effect of ES on alexithymia is significant for the digitalization cohort, while it is not significant for the industrialization cohort. The current results imply that emotion regulation strategies of Koreans have been differently developed according to prevailing cultural values in each generation, and that the negative influence of emotion suppression could be different according to the cultural background of each generation.

Relations of Married Women and their Own Parents in Japan: Coresidence and Contact Frequency (일본 기혼여성들과 친정부모간의 세대관계: 동거여부 및 대화빈도를 중심으로)

  • Kim, Cheong-Seok;Cho, Yoon-Joo
    • Korea journal of population studies
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    • v.35 no.2
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    • pp.55-72
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    • 2012
  • Few studies have done on the intergenerational relations of married women and their own parents in Japan. This study approaches the topic by examining coresidence and contact frequency between generations. The study expects the likelihood of living together (including living next door) and the extent of contact would differ by the characteristics of woman, her husband, children, her brothers and sisters, her own parents and parents-in-law. From the 2003 Survey for National Family Research in Japan, selected are 853 currently married women in their 30s and 40s whose parent and parents-in-law are alive. The analysis shows that the likelihood of living together with parents decreases as the number of brothers and sisters increases. In particular, the presence of brother substantially decreases the likelihood. Having father only alive (vs. having both parents alive) also increases the likelihood. The frequency of contact with parents is conditioned by the coresidence with parents-in-law. It also differs by the level of education and its gap between spouses. Subjective evaluation of husband's attitude toward her parents is important. As in the case of living together, the number of brothers and sisters and the survival status of parents are significant in explaining the frequency of contact with her parents. The results indicate that number of brothers and sisters as well as widowhood of parents serves as its demographic condition. The findings that the frequency of contact with parent are affected by coresidene with parents-in-law, education gap between spouses and husband's attitude toward her parents suggest that the relationship of married women with her own parents are conditioned by her husband and his parents.

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Analysis of advancement model of 1st generation dairy smart farm based on Open API application (개방형 제어기반 1세대 낙농 스마트팜의 고도화 모델 적용 분석)

  • Yang, Kayoung;Kwon, Kyeong-Seok;Kim, Jung Kon;Kim, Jong Bok;Jang, Dong Hwa;Ko, miae
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.21 no.11
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    • pp.180-186
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    • 2020
  • ICT convergence using smart livestock is that in the first-generation dairy smart farm model, each device made by several manufacturers uses its own communication method, limiting the mutual operation of each device. This study uses a model based on open control technology to secure interoperability of existing ICT devices and to manage data efficiently. The open integrated control derived from this process is the software interface structure of Open API. It is an observer that serves as real-time data collection according to the communication method of ICT devices and sensors located at each end. It consists of a broker that connects and transmits to the upper integrated management server. As a result of the performance analysis through verification of two first-generation dairy smart farm model sites, the average daily milk production increased compared to the previous year (farm A 5.13%, farm B 1.33%, p<0.05). Cow days open (DO) was reduced by 17.5% on farm A and 13.3% for farm B(p<0.05). Cows require an adaptation period after the introduction of the ICT device, but if continuous effects are observed, the effect of production can be expected to increase gradually.