• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.40 no.5 s.110
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• pp.491-513
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• 2005

The Republic of Korea is planning to build the now Multi-functional Administrative city (NMAC). The purpose of this paper is to suggest the conceptual framework for this new city that relies on the Korean geomancy, oriental viewpoint on man and nature relationship, particularly in Korea. According to the Geomancy which could conceptualize the human-environment relationship in the site, the overall landscape image of the city could be symbolized by two flying crane with three Taegueks. In transforming the overall landscape image to urban form, two diamonds which means eternity and strength arises from the western spatial viewpoint, as means to protect and harmonize the human, land and mountain relationship in this site and the symbolic meaning of this site as generative and sacred place in Korean people's mind. On the one hand, through juxtaposing of the two diamonds a geometric structure shows up, on the other hand the main axis of the city could be established from two crane and three Taegueks. On the North-South axis from the core of the symbolic green axis, symbolic things will be located, and the administrative offices will be Placed on the East-West axis. Peripherals of the central axis also play a role in developing overall land use from image. The buildings and residents could be arranged and located according to undulations and this is based on the oriental theory of geomancy. We can build cultural amenities on the head part of the crane and on the core area.

• 한국지구과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.22-22
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• 2010

우리들은 초 중등교육을 통해 암석의 종류와 특징, 지질형태와 퇴적구조, 그리고 화석에 대해 지속적으로 교육 받아왔다. 그러나 암석이나 노두를 보고 학교에서 배운 지식을 바르게 적용할 수 있는 학생은 매우 드물다. 또한 아름다운 경관을 보며 지질학적으로 형성과정을 해석할 수 있는 사람도 매우 드물 것이다. 여기서는 지질경관에 대한 정보를 어떻게 제공하고 있는가에 대한 연구 성과를 정리해보고 문제점을 도출하고자 한다. 현재까지 지질경관을 알려주는 연구 성과를 크게 나누면 3종류가 있다. 첫째, 지질학습장의 개발 및 활용에 관한 연구이다. 이 부류의 수집된 자료는 학위논문(29편)과 전문학술지(27편)로 현재 56편이나 검색에 따라 더 늘어날 것이다. 이들은 야외 노두에 대한 효과적인 지질학습을 위한 자료개발을 위주로 하고 있다. 이러한 내용들은 전문가 양성에는 대단히 좋은 프로그램이지만 청소년이나 일반대중들에게 너무 어려운 내용으로 구성되어 있다. 또한 교육청에서 주관하는 탐방계획으로 "경기도 지구과학교사 연구회"가 있는데, 주로 경기도 한탄강유역을 대상으로 하고 있다. 이 연구회 자료에서는 지역의 특성을 살린 야외지질학습장을 개발하고 현장에 적용하기 위한 노력을 볼 수가 있다. 두 번째로 과학전람회 자료로서 현장교사와 학생들의 야외학습에 대한 인식이 잘 나타나 있다. 수집된 자료는 총 55편으로 야외지질조사를 통해 관찰 자체에 중점을 두었는데, 최근에는 노두관찰에 덧붙여 탐구학습 태도와 창의성을 함양하는 쪽으로 옮겨가고 있다. 세 번째 자료는 일반대중을 위한 서적이다. 이 서적들은 저자들의 전공에 따라 그 내용이 다소 다르다. 즉 일반여행안내 책자는 노두나 암석은 소개하고 있으나 지질학적 설명이 전혀없으며(예, 남도해안 2000리), 지리학자들의 저술에는 지형의 형성을 지질학적으로 설명하려 애쓴 흔적이 보인다(예, 한국지리이야기). 다음으로 지구과학들의 저술은 전형적인 지질답사 안내서에 가까워 내용 자체는 좋으나 흥미가 다소 떨어진다(예, 가족이 함께 떠나는 지질여행, 제주도 지질여행). 지질학과 흥미를 적절히 혼합한 책으로 '우리 땅 과학 답사기'정도가 있다. 최근 한국암석학회에서는 "우리의 명산"을 지질과 경관의 관점에서 해석하려는 심포지엄을 2차례 가졌다. 그러나 그 내용면에서는 경관지질이라는 개념을 정립했다고 보기에는 다소 미흡 하나, 황상구 교수의 주왕산에 관한 내용은 앞으로 경관지질 연구에 대한 발전의 여지를 보여주었다. 앞으로 지질경관에 대하여 지질학적 야외답사나 과학지식 습득에 국한시키지 말고, 그 지역의 특성을 살린 관광 또는 민속과 연계하여 지구과학적 학습효과와 더불어 인성교육에 도움이 되는 학습 콘텐츠를 개발하도록 노력해야 할 것이다. 일반 대중이 우리나라의 빼어난 지질 경관을 손쉽게 이해하고 즐기게 되면, 세계자연유산이나 세계지질공원을 지정 받는 과정도 더 쉬워질 것이다.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.428-433
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• 2016

The fin and tube heat exchanger using a two-port tube has in air-conditioner heat exchanger because heat transfer performance. This study investigates the feasibility of a fin and tube heat exchanger using two-port copper tube by mechanical expansion. The optimum size of the tube-expanding bullet for the heat exchanger using two-port tube was through numerical calculation. The heat exchanger using a two-port tube was fabricated by mechanical expansion, and the heat exchanger performance was evaluated condensation and evaporation experiments. Compared to the heat exchanger of a conventional circular tube, the pressure drop per unit length of the heat exchanger with a two-port tube decreased. Compared to the heat exchanger using a conventional circular tube, the overall heat transfer coefficient of heat exchanger with a two-port tube increased up to 13% in the case of condensation, and up to 25% in the case of evaporation. The two-port tube heat exchanger outperforms conventional heat exchanger for air conditioner with a inner grooved circular tube.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.1-12
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to interpret the landscape of Soyojeong, Taegeojeong, Chungeuijeong and Chwihanjeong in the Ongnyucheon region of the Changdeokgung Palace by analyzing the landscape elements using the pavilion's hanging couplets. Next, the landscape elements would be classified and interpreted by the Tang dynasty poet named Wang Changnyeong(王昌齡, 698-757) who put forward the range of aesthetics. According to the three kinds of classified boundaries, the results were as follows. First, the characteristics of the 'Wujing(物境)' described at spring dawn or in the moonlit night when the rain stopped, dew condensed, blooming flowers were in the quiet garden, fishes were drawn from the pond, and golden ogres sung in a dense pine forest. Second, the characteristics of 'Qingjing(情境)' described the emperor who held a grand ceremony: he sat in the jade throne, red curtains and gorgeous fans are propped up etc. All of these were used to praise the reign of a stable and peaceful nation. Third, the characteristics of 'Yijing(意境)' mainly described the Ongnyucheon region's scenery as an immortal world where people can experience and reach a high spiritual realm such as the 'integrated as one(物我一體)'.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.97 no.6
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• pp.634-640
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to clarify the physiological effects of Shinrin-yoku (taking in the atmosphere of the forest of forest bathing). The subjects were twelve male university students ($21.6{\pm}2.1$ years old). On the first day, six subjects were sent to a forest area, and the others to a city area. On the second day, the subjects were sent to the opposite areas for a cross check. The subjects were seated on chairs and viewing the landscapes of their given areas for 15 minutes. HRV (Heart Rate Variability) and diastolic blood pressure were used as physiological indices. Diastolic blood pressure and LF/(LF+HF) components of HRV in the forest area were significantly lower than in the city area. And HF power components of HRV in the forest settings were significantly enhanced than in city settings. In conclusion, the results of the physiological measurements show that Shinrin-yoku was able to effectively relax people in both mind and body.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.50-58
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• 2011

Cheongpunggye is located in a valley where Baekaksan, the main mountain of Seoul and Inwang Mountain corresponding to right-white tiger(石白虎) divination based on topography are crossed. The owner of Cheongpunggye is Seonwon Kim Sangyong and many people had visited there without pause because of beautiful landscape since the early times of Chosun. Seonwon Kim Sangyong had ever studied together with Yulgok Yi I and Woogye Seong Hon. He was one of the Western faction(Seo-in) which was the leading power of Injo Coup and died for his chastity during Second Manchu Invasion of Chosun. He is known as a model of fidelity which is a symbol for scholar's spirit in Chosun together with his younger brother Cheongeum Kim Sangheon. Jangdong region, the clan village of New Andong family was the birthplace of Yulgok School which was the fundamental of scholar spirit of Chosun. And Jangdong would be the source of Jin-Gyeong(Real Scenery) Culture which was bloomed by Baekak club composed of Gyeomjae Jeong Seon, Sacheon Lee Byeongyeon, and Gwanajae Cho Yeongseok. The contents of this study are as follows. First, this study explored the placeness of Seochon region through the historical background like the relation between Jangdong, the clan village of Andong Kim family and Andong Kim family, and achievements of Seonwon Kim Sangyong and circumstances of that times. Second, this study tried to know original landscape of Cheongpunggye by investigating location, topography, water system etc. based on analysis of literature, old map, and paintings describing Cheongpunggye. The study was progressed in this way. To infer the original landscape, about 50 landscape elements of Cheongpunggye shown in Punggyejibseunggi(楓溪集勝記), Cheongpunggye Cheop, Cheongpunggye(淸風溪), the work of Gyeomjae Jeong Sean were searched, and then the location and form of the elements was analyzed. Furthermore, by analyzing the meanings of the names for the landscape elements, the thoughts(Naturalism, Taoism, Confucianism, Buddhism) supporting the structure of Cheongpunggye could be inferred. It is thought that these findings can contribute to exploration of placeness of Cheongpunggye. The study on original landscape of Cheongpunggye can be used as basic data when these works are executed-revival of Cheongpunggye, restoration of small streams in upper part of Cheonggyecheon, renewal of Seochon region.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.40 no.3 s.108
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• pp.353-368
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• 2005

Social geography in Korea has been studied centering around urban social geography which has been developed mainly in English world, and then there have been a few concepts and theories that were tested in the rural social geography of Korean rural landscape. This article tried to grasp the conceptual basis of German social geography, and had views on the rural social geography in the relent English world. As a result, the author concluded that the rural landscape would be a representation of rurality, a component of local and national identity, and thought to be not only a physical reality but social, mental, cultural reality On the basis of this consideration, the author explored major concepts which would correspond with the universality and speciality of Korean rurality. They are as follows: 'lineage group' as a geographical socio-group, the 'regionalization' by social groups, and 'the territoriality of settlement' as a social space.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.29-40
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• 2010

The Palgye Plain, located in Chilgok, Buk-gu, Daegu-si, is a floodplain by Palgye-River rising from Mt. Ga one of the mountains in Ring Typed Mountains of Mt. Palgong. The geomorphic surfaces in the study area can be divided into the natural levee, back marsh and confluent fan, and the natural levee and fan have been used as important regions of human activities since the Bronze Age. The alluvium sediments of Palgye-River can be subdivided into the bedrocks, lower gravel deposits, lower sandy deposits, lower silty deposits, upper sand and gravel deposits, and upper silty deposits from the bottom according to the formative ages. The lower gravel deposits correlated to the last glacial stage and the rest to Holocene, respectively. Confluent fans were also formed during the last glacial stage. Moreover, The landscape with land use after 20C was changed to apartment area due to civilization differently from which reflected the characteristics of geomorphic surfaces in the past.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.82-92
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• 2013

This paper presents a landscape design proposal for the Kyeongsang National University Hospital in Changwon, Kyeongsangnam-do. The site is located at 555 Samjeongja-dong, Seongsan-gu, Changwon, Kyeongsangnam-do, and its area is approximately $79,743.1m^2$. The goal of the design was to create a landscape that helps the patients' recovery and public well-being as well as respects the surrounding environment. In order to achieve this goal, three design subjects were considered: maximizing the healing functions of the landscape, promoting ecologically regenerative landscape, and increasing the aesthetic value of the landscape based on the local context. For the healing aspect, first, therapeutic plants were carefully selected and various healing programs were introduced to the open space area such as the sensory garden, meditative space, the medicinal herb garden, outdoor acupressure treatment facilities, remedial playground etc. In addition, as the importance of patient's privacy is emphasized in research, the space and circulation patterns were divided according to the characteristics of the users. For ecological consideration, the design proposed to preserve and extend the existing ridgeline with pine forest, and recover the natural water system and recycle the water for the landscape management. For the aesthetic experience of the people, in contrast to the surrounding evergreen forest, diverse deciduous and flowering plants were introduced to arouse a sense of the season, and fruit bearing trees for wildlife to create a specific mood of being in nature so that people can listen to the songs of the birds and watch squirrels play etc. In addition, all the spaces and facilities were designed and placed according to universal design principles so that there would be no barrier for the patients to use them. Also, a sustainable management scheme was suggested to maintain the landscape in ecological and economical ways.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.58-64
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to assess the nutritional states and investigate the energy intake of tube-fed patients with severe neurodevelopmental disability. Methods: Eighty six tube-fed patients with severe neurodevelopmental disability were studied. Heights were measured by flexible scale segmentally. Nutritional parameters of weight, triceps skinfold thickness and mid-arm circumference were also measured. Total caloric intakes through the tube were calculated. Results: The anthropometric results showed that nutritional states of tube-fed patients with severe neurodevelopmental disability were poor. The mean daily caloric intake was much less than daily energy requirement (mean=45.2% of requirement). The caloric intake was 7.2 kcal/height (cm), 57.0 kcal/weight (kg). Height was more related with caloric intake (r=0.476) than weight (r=0.263). Conclusion: These results provide that tube-fed patients with severe neurodevelopmental disability were growth retarded and their energy intakes were much less than daily energy requirements. The preliminary evidence was that they need adequate nutritional supply.