• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.19 no.2 s.22
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• pp.435-444
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 수학성취도에서의 불평등도를 모색하였다. 구체적으로 경제적인 불평등도로서 널리 사용하는 지니계수를 활용하여 학업성취에서의 불평등도를 계산하였고, 불평등성에 대한 언어적 해석의 기준을 마련하였다. 자료 분석 결과는 농촌지역보다는 중소도시, 중소도시보다는 대도시, 대도시의 일반고 보다는 과학 고등학교에서의 불평등도가 약하게 나타났다.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.77-102
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• 2007

This paper compares income and consumption for their relative effectiveness in measuring inequality. Although income inequality has received more attention in the literature, the permanent income hypothesis links consumption to welfare more directly than income. To the extent economic agents smooth their consumptions, consumption inequality is a better indicator for an economy's welfare inequality, and it is especially so when income volatility is high. The empirical analysis in this paper indicates that the income and consumption patterns among the Korean wage/salary worker households are quite consistent with the permanent income hypothesis. Further, it is found that consumption inequality tends to be lower than income inequality, and more importantly, that the two inequalities do not always vary in the same direction. These results call for stronger emphasis on consumption inequality in inequality literature.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.64 no.4
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• pp.163-188
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• 2012

This study examines recent trends in income inequality among the elderly in Korea. Aggregate income inequality trends are explained by examining evidence from inequality index decomposition by population subgroup and by income source. Data come from Korean Labor and Income Panel Study(KLIPS). The results are as follows. First, elderly income inequality increased from 1999 to 2002, and then decreased until 2008. Second, household composition changes appear to have disequalizing influence. The proportion of elderly people who are economically dependent on non-elderly family member or living with adult children has declined. Equalizing influence of private transfers also decreased between 2002 and 2008. These results indicate that the redistributive role of family has weakened over time. Third, the improvement of education level and changing occupational structure among the elderly household head contributed to increase in elderly income inequality. Fourth, earning's factor share has declined steadily, and the diminishing role of earnings provides equalizing influence on elderly income inequality from 2002 to 2008. Fifth, the impact of recent expansion of social insurance has changed over time. Inequality contribution of social insurance income increased from 1999 to 2002, and then decreased from 2002 to 2008.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.33-50
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• 2002

This study examines cross-national patterns of asymmetry of marriage tables with respect to educational level and tries to measure the degree of gender inequality across nations. A Primary assumption of the study is that gender inequality inhibits symmetric marriage between men and women. As men and women differ more in status, the rate of symmetric marriage between them declines thus producing asymmetric marriage with respect to social status. More specifically, the main object of the study is to develop statistical models and index with which to assess the patterns and degree of asymmetric marriage. Additionally, it is intended to assess the appropriateness of several theoretical perspectives for explaining these variations identified by the statistical models. Two most important such perspectives are industrialism and theory of politics and culture. To answer these questions, this study relies on twenty-seven marriage tables with respect to educational level, some from published tables, and some extracted from other sources. The main findings of the study are: (1) compared to less industrialized countries, more industrialized countries have lower degrees of asymmetric marriage(gender inequality) with respect to educational level, and (2) other things being equal, differences in politics and culture seem to have the some impact on marriage pattern; for instance, social democracy and state socialism reduce the degree of asymmetric marriage while the high emphasis on gender-based hierarchy in Asian countries seems to increase it In short, these results suggest a weaker or modified version of industrialists That is, while with economic growth most nations show a decline in the degrees of asymmetric marriage with respect to social status, for some nations the degrees of asymmetric marriage are affected by their specific politics or cultures.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.65-84
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• 2010

The purpose of Inequality Index Decomposition is to know the cause of overall inequality through decomposing aggregate inequality index into relevant components. Previous studies have mostly focused on the absolute contribution meaning that how much each component possesses out of overall inequality. However it could be more important to know the marginal contribution and inequality effect of each component in order to implement policies reducing overall inequality effectively. For this, we decomposed Gini Coefficient as representative inequality index into income sources or social welfare programs and calculated each Gini Income Elasticity(GIE). Analysis result says that regular employee income and employer(or the self-employed) income, of which GIE are 1.205 and 1.867, are classified as inequality-increasing income source. GIE can be one of good methods to analyse the inequality effect of various income sources and social welfare programs.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.185-212
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• 2012

This study examines changes in income inequality and income mobility associated with a transition to old age. In understanding the dynamics of income distribution over the later life course, it is important to explore the changes in income dispersion and the changes in relative income positions jointly. Data come from Korean Labor and Income Panel Study(KLIPS) 2nd, 7th, 12th wave. The results are as follows. First, a transition to old age is associated with an increase in income inequality. The Gini index of inequality increased steadily over the life course. Second, a transition to old age is associated with substantial income mobility. The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient between two periods was the lowest at the time of the transition. Increasing income dispersion and significant income mobility can be conceptualized as "income insecurity", since the older population are less likely to cope with income fluctuations. Third, in explaining such changes over time, changes in work life during old age and a subsequent decrease in earnings seem to be the most influential factor.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.67-89
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• 2004

In this paper, I examine the impacts of father's education, a proxy for family wealth and income, on the individual's education, occupational choice and labor force status. I find that father's education influences the level of individual educational investment and occupational choices directly, whose findings are quite different from those of Blau and Duncan(l967) and Phang and Kim(2000). I also find that father's higher level of education induces an individual to withdraw from the labor force, which results in erosion of inequality among family. Therefore I argue that the inheritance of inequality in family wealth tends to persist, while the erosion of inequality proceeds, as well.

• 한국노년학
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.1445-1461
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• 2009

The primary purpose of this study is to find policy implications by examining the trends in income inequality of the Korean aged and factors contributing to these. For analysis, this study used the 2nd, 5th, 7th and 9th wave of 'Korean Labour and Income Panel Study'. The findings are as follows. First, total income inequality of the elderly rose greatly after 1998 and is decreasing after 2001. Secondly, the Gini coefficient decomposition by income sources shows that earned income was the factor most responsible for the income inequality of the elderly. But its influences of the elderly income inequality is gradually decreasing during analysing periods. Third, assets income and public pensions have a great effects on the elderly income inequality. They increases the income inequality of the elderly households. Forth, interfamily transfer income and public assistance income reduces income inequality of the elderly.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.385-392
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to identify the degree of medical inequality in medical vulnerable areas, especially in the southwestern islands, and to prepare improvements. As a research method, 14 pieces were analyzed by systematic literature review with keywords such as 'medical vulnerability', 'medical inequality', and 'island area', and a focus group or in-depth interview (FGI) was conducted on 9 medical personnel in the public medical delivery system to identify the current status and demand. As a result of the study, medical inequality in the southwest region, especially in island areas, was confirmed, and the lack of professional manpower and administrative support system were confirmed through FGI. As a result of the study, it was confirmed that realistic measures should be prepared to increase the efficiency of public health care as well as active administrative support to improve the vulnerability of island areas.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.91-118
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• 2005

This paper examines the impact of the institutional complementarity between welfare regimes and production regimes on income inequality. Using comparative welfare data by various sources for 14 OECD nations from 1980 to 1997, this paper attempts to answer two questions. First, is there a institutional complementary in regulatory process between distribution and production? Second, if it is correct, what kind of causal structure do we predict? Panel Corrected Standard Errors(PCSE) model, a data analysis method in pooled cross-sectional time-series, is employed to examine the interaction effects between the two variables: coordination in the sphere of distribution; coordination in the sphere of production The evidence suggest that there are powerful interaction effects between distributive coordination and production coordination and that the institutional complementary has effects on income inequality. First, the income inequality effect of coordination in the sphere of distribution becomes less positive(more negative) as coordination in the sphere of production increases. Second, the income inequality effect of coordination in the sphere of production becomes less positive(more negative) as coordination in the sphere of distribution increases.