• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.282-290
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• 2019

Recently child abuse has occurred frequently in educational institutions such as daycare center and kindergarten. Therefore, government made it mandatory to install CCTVs, but it is not easy to inspect the CCTV images. In this paper, we propose a model for judging child abuse using CCTV images. First of all, child abuse is a physical abuse of children by adults, thus a model for classifying adults and children is needed. The existing Haar scheme uses the frontal image to classify adults and children. However, the OpenPose allows to classify adults and children regardless of frontal and side image. In this research, a child abuse judgment model was designed and implemented by applying characteristics of adult and child posture when a child was abused. Since the implemented system utilizes the currently installed CCTV image, it is possible to monitor the child abuse in real time without any additional installation, which enables us to cope with the abuse promptly.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2022

Previous studies have provided important findings on children's speech production development. They have revealed that essentially all aspects of children's speech shift toward adult-like characteristics over time. Nevertheless, few studies have examined the perceptual aspects of children's speech tokens, as perceived by naive adult listeners. To fill the gap between children's production and adults' perception, we conducted cross-sectional perceptual studies of monosyllabic words produced by children aged two to six years. Monosyllabic words in the consonant-vowel-consonant form were extracted from children's speech samples and presented aurally to five listener groups (20 listeners in total). Generally, the agreement rate between children's production of target words and adult listeners' responses increases with age. The perceptual responses to tokens produced by two-year old children induced the largest discrepancies and the responses to words produced by six years olds agreed the most. Further analyses were conducted to identify the sources of disagreement, including the types of segments and syllable structure. This study makes an important contribution to our understanding of the development and perception of children's speech across age groups.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.11 no.3_4
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• pp.1-11
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• 2000

This study investigated information acquisition from hypertext and the difference of searching behavior between adults and children. In experiment 1. we compared the amount of information acquisition from the hypertext to that of the printed text. The result showed that the performance in printed text was better than in hypertext. However. the performance of experienced (in the internet) participant showed no difference between the hypertext and the printed text. Experiment 2 compared the information-searching behavior of the adults and children in the hypertext environment. The results showed that adults performed the information-searching faster than children, yet there was no difference in the proportion of correct responses of the two groups. However. children who were more experienced in the internet and produced right answers to the 7th level questions in depth performed better and faster than the adults who were not. These results suggest that the experience in the internet is the most important factor in the searching of the wanted information.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.303-330
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among poverty, family structure and functioning, burdens of adult roles and socio-emotional problems. It was especially focused on the relationship between the burden of adult roles and socioemotional problems among children in poverty. The Structural Equation model was employed for analyses. The Theoretical model was established based on previous researches related to poverty and adult roles (for example, parentification and parentified children). Data came from the first wave of 'Seoul Panel Study of Children; SPSC' and subjects consisted of 1,807 4th grade elementary school students and their parents who were located at K-Gu in Seoul. The survey was carried out from October 25th to November 20th in 2005. The Results of the Structural Equation model were congruent with the theoretical expectations. To find a more appropriate model, three kinds of structural models were hypothesized and analysed. In the most appropriate model which had a good model fit, poverty and family structure impacted on socio-emotional problems directly and indirectly. The relationship between poverty and socio-emotional problems was mediated by family functioning and burdens of adult roles. The same mediation process existed between family structure and socio-emotional problems also. In brief, children in poverty or those who have a single parent are more likely to have impaired family functioning, which is likely to cause higher burdens of adult roles. In turn, those who have higher burdens of adult roles are more likely to have socioemotional problems. In conclusion, various theoretical and practical implications for social work practice focusing on the burdens of adult roles or caretaker roles among children in poverty were discussed.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.299-305
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• 2011

Purpose: In watching 3D stereoscopic display using the binocular disparity, effect of difference of the pupillary distance between the adults and children on the perception of depth were investigated. Methods: The average PD of children was determined from the PD measurements of children of the elementary school of 2nd and 3rd grade in Seoul. The location of crossing visual axes were derived from the relation of the binocular disparity and the PD for the adults and children. Results: The average PD of the children was measured to be 57.3 mm which was smaller than the average PD of the adults that was known to be about 65 mm. As the binocular disparity increases to the positive direction, the crossing location steeply moves farther behind the screen. On the other hand, when the binocular disparity increases to the negative direction, the crossing location gradually moves toward the viewer. For the same amount of the binocular disparity, the crossing locations were derived to be larger for the children than the adults due to the difference of the PD. Therefore, children will perceive larger depth than the adults. Conclusions: Small PD of the viewer causes the larger amount of the depth perception. In producing the stereoscopic images, the average PD of children as well as adults need to be considered.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.29 no.2 s.73
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• pp.197-207
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• 1999

Although there is a severe underlying skeletal deformity, the dentition has often maintained some occlusal contact and interdigitation by the teeth compensating in their positions for the skeletal problem, and these dental compensations are manifested in all three planes of space. The purposes of present investigation were 1) to study the pattern of dentoalveolar compensation of hyperdivergent skeletal pattern , and 2) to compare the dentoalveolar compensations of hyperdivergent skeletal pattern in children with adults. The samples selected for this study were consisted of 60 subjects in normal group, 60 subjects in hyperdivergent group. Each was divided into two subgroups by age ; child groups($8\~12yr$ old) and adult groups(17yr old over). The findings of this study were as follows; 1. In child, hyperdivergent subjects had smaller posterior lower facial height(p<0.01) and slightly longer anterior lower facial height than normal ones. In adults, they still expressed smaller posterior lower facial height and much longer anterior lower facial height than normal ones(p<0.01). 2. Hyperdivergent subjects had larger amount of upper and lower incisor relative eruption to their basal bone length than normal ones(p<0.05). In adult, relative eruption of upper incisor was increasing(p<0.05), although relative eruption of lower incisor remained the same as the child. 3. In child, there was no difference between hyperdivergent group and nomal one in the upper and lower molar relative eruption to their basal bone length. In adult, hyperdivergent group had target amount of upper molar relative eruption than normal ones(p<0.01), but relative eruption of lower molar was similar to normal ones. 4. Hyperdivergent group had larger angle between lower occlusal plane and mandibular plane than normal group(p<0.01). Upper occlusal plane of adult groups rotated more antero-superiorly than child groups, and adult hyperdivergent group had sleeper upper occlusal plane than normal group(p<0.05).

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.341-349
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• 2022

This study explored in-depth emotional experiences influenced by childhood trauma of adult female survivors. For this purpose, in-depth interviews were conducted with married adult women who experienced trauma in their childhood. The collected data were analyzed using Colaizzi phenomenological research method. As a result of the study, 7 categories were derived: 'children who cannot protect themselves', 'childhood trauma,' 'insecure attachment and good child syndrome,' 'difficulties in interpersonal relationships,' 'difficulties in raising children,' 'somatization symptoms,' 'finding myself who is lost.' In addition, this study aims to understand the psychological experience of children in the family and the relationship between parents and children and the growth experience of healing them by comparing and contrasting the two cases of trauma. The foundation for healthy ego-resilience and emotional well-being has been laid through the research results on negative and maladaptive emotional experiences reflected throughout the life of adult women who suffered childhood trauma.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.25 no.3 s.50
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• pp.247-261
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to quantitate differences in the nature of the correction of Angle's Class II div 1 malocclusion dependent on the patient's age at the time of treatment. The sample consisted of 27 female patients in the adolescent group with a mean initial records age of 11.8 years and 25 female patients in the adult group with a mean starting age of 21.1 yrs. Lateral cephalometric head films were taken before and after orthodontic treatment with four bicuspid extraction. The results were obtained as follows. 1. None of maxillary skeletal parameters exhibited a significantly different in treatment change between adolescents and adults. But, in mandibular skeletal measurements, there were significant differences between two groups. (P<0.05) 2. Measures of vertical dimension in the adults remained unchanged during treatment, reflecting the effective absence of growth. 3. The steepness of occlusal plane in the adults changed significantly.(P<0.05) In contrast, the adolescents displayed stability of the occlusal plane. 4. According to the Johnston analysis, there was a significant difference in the total molar correction between two groups.(P<0.05) 5. According to the Johnston analysis, differential mandibular growth in the adolescents contrubuted $63\%$ of the total molar correction, with orthodontic tooth movement accounting for the remaining $37\%$. In the adults, dental movement comprised $99\%$ of the correction.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.223-249
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate moderating effect of posttraumatic growth between childhood-adolescence trauma and suicidal ideation. 151 adults in their 20's to 40's were utilized by analyzing moderated multiple regression. The major findings of this study were as follows ; First, the study showed significant relationship between childhood-adolescence trauma and suicidal ideation. To be specific, the more childhood-adolescence trauma increased, the more suicidal ideation increased. Second, the results presented that posttraumatic growth moderated relationship between childhood-adolescence trauma and suicidal ideation. The more childhood-adolescence trauma increased, the more suicidal ideation strongly increased in group of lower posttraumatic growth. Whereas, the more childhood-adolescence trauma increased, the more suicidal ideation mildly increased in group of higher posttraumatic growth. Based on these findings, it was suggested that intervention for people who have childhood-adolescence trauma and practical strategy for posttraumatic growth are needed in social welfare practice.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.237-242
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• 2019

This research was conducted for the normal adults and kids to know the abdominal muscle activities by stimulating Vojta's brust zone. It was conducted for 10 adults who were average 21.5 years old and 10 kids who were 12.1 years old and did it once. We used EMG to know the abdorminal muscle activities and we chose the research method 'independent t test'. Only two adults and kids among subjects have reactions and the others have no reactions. This research reveals that hypothesis, Vojta's brust zone stimulates abdominal activities, didn't coincide completely but we will have more exact results by researching other subjects and choosing proficient method several months, not once.