• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.46-50
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• 2012

Stainless steel and titanium used for orthopedic prosthetic metal, magnetic resonance imaging was measured quantitatively the extent of distortion. Based on reading tests at varying metal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were investigated. To two image acquisition conditions for having three metal bodies mutually quantitative it compared analyzed the image of cross direction and the image of lengthwise. As for the distortion of the magnetic resonance image, as for the distortion of image it became small in the order of Clip, Strainless and Titanium. In addition, with T1WI and T2WI which are image acquisition condition T2WI the distortion of image became small. As for the distortion of the image by the metal, you could see the distortion of image in elliptical shape, the metal a bigger image distortion appeared in many parts. If clinical doctor has the condition of the same operation, use the Titanium material, it can, raising the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance image inspection after the operating from Stainless.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.32-43
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• 1998

혐기성대상과정중 메탄생성균(methanogenic bacteria)에 의한 메탄생성시 주요 기질인 아세트산 (acetic acid)을 분해할 경우에 여러 가지 복합기질 중 아미노산 첨가에 의한 분해속도증가에 미치는 영향과 투입한 아미노산이 미생물에 의하여 생체량으로 합성되는 정도를 고찰하였다. 실험결과 메탄생성균은 glycine, serine, threonine, aspartic acid, trytophan 등의 혐기성미생물의 생체량합성에 필요한 물질을 투입할 경우에 아세트산의 분해속도가 증가하였으며, 여러 가지 아미노산을 혼합하여 주입한 결과 분해속도가 17% 향상되었다. 한편, 메탄생성균의 lysing에 의하여 생성된 유기물은 메탄이나 이산화탄소의 최종산물로 전환되기보다는 새로운 메탄생성균의 생체량을 형성하는데 직접 이용되었으며, 아세트산의 분해속도를 52% 증가시켰다. 단순기질(sole substrate)과 복합기질(complex substrate)의 분해는 미생물의 생체량합성에 필요한 여러 가지 중간대사산물간의 상호자극효과에 의하여 복합기질이 용이한 것으로 나타났으며, 유입기질내 활성이 강한 슬러지의 농도는 혐기성처리에 매우 중요한 부분을 차지하였다.

• 대한음성언어의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성언어의학회 1996년도 제6회 학술대회 심포지움
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• pp.86-86
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• 1996

연축성 발성장애(spasmodic dysphonia)는 아직까지 그 원인을 정확히 밝혀내지 못하고 있는 만성적인 발성장애로 과거에는 경직성 발성장애(spastic dysphonia)로 불리던 질환이다. 연축성 발성장애는 두 종류 즉, 내전형(adductor)과 외전형(abductor)으로 나누어지며 이중 내전형이 대부분이다. 외전형 연축성 발성장애는 발성도중에 성대가 갑자기 불수의적으로 외전되면서 음성이 중단되므로 원활히 대화하기가 힘든 질환이다. 이러한 질환은 국소적 근긴장이상(fecal dystonia)의 일종이다. 현재까지 연축성 발성장애의 치료법으로 사용되고 있는 것으로는 언어치료, botulium 독소주입술, 편측반회후두신경절 단술, 반회후두신경분쇄술, 상후두신경절단술, 갑상연골성형술, implantable stimulator 등이 있다. 연축성 발성장애 환자에 $Botox^{circledR}$ 주입에 관한 보고는 주로 내전형에 대해서만 보고되고 있으며 외전형에 대하여 보고된 예는 매우 적다. (중략)

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.101-106
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• 2019

Background and Objectives Reinke's edema is a benign vocal fold disease caused by an edematous laryngeal superficial layer of lamina propria. The first line treatment is cessation of smoking and laryngeal microsurgery. The aim of the study is to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of percutaneous steroid injection via cricothyroid membrane in patients with Reinke's edema. Materials and Method From Jan 2010 to July 2018, 33 Patients with Reinke's edema managed by vocal fold steroid injection via the cricothyroid membrane were included in this study. We compared medical records of laryngoscopy, stroboscopy and Multi-Dimensional Voice Program analysis at pre-treatment and post-treatment. Subjective voice improvement was evaluated using Voice Handicap Index-30 (VHI-30). Results 75.7% of the patients showed partial response and 6.06% showed complete response. 93.94% were present smokers and only 4 patients ceased smoking after the treatment. In acoustic analysis, the pre-treatment mean value of jitter, shimmer, and noise to harmonic ratio was 2.30±3.21, 9.34±10.37, 1.11±2.90 each. The post-treatment value was 2.20±1.89, 6.96±5.30, 0.20±0.09 respectively and none of the parameters were statistically significant. For subjective symptom improvement, 25 (75.8%) patients showed a better score on post-treatment VHI-30 compared to pre-treatment. Conclusion According to our study, steroid injection is a relatively safe and effective procedure for patients with Reinke's edema. A vocal fold steroid injection via the cricothyroid membrane can be an alternative treatment option for those who are not able to undergo conventional laryngeal microscopic surgery, however cessation of smoking is necessary for effective treatment.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.40-46
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• 2003

Background and Objectives : The vocal fold granuloma has been associated with vocal abuse, gastroesophageal reflux, endotracheal intubation and habitual throat clearing etc.. Granuloma is benign growth of hypertrophic granulation tissue. It is usually located on the posterior third of vocal fold, in one or both vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage In spite of the voice therapy, steroid therapy, anti-reflex therapy and surgical procedure. The distinct advantage and uniform success rate of each methods have not been generally shown. Authors report that localized injection of botulinum toxin type A (BOTOX$^{\circledR}$) is the promising method both as an initial treatment and as an alternative treatment in patients who do not respond to standard therapy or who are poor surgical candidates. Materials and Method : We carried out a retrospective study of 9 patients with the diagnosis of vocal fold granuloma on the videostroboscopic examination from Jan 2000 to Mar 2003. The botulinum toxin type A was injected into one or both thyroarytenoid muscle or lateral cricoarytenoid muscle under the electromyography. The average dosage ranges from 6U to 8U per injection. Results : Unilateral vocal fold granuloma in 7 patients had been resolved completely within 2-3 months after first injection : 5 patients received th\ulcorner GER medical therapy in addition to the Botulinum toxin injections, 2 patients was resolved completely who had shown recurrence after $CO_2$ laser vaporization. 2 patients who had shown recurrence after $1^st$ injection were also completely resolved within 6 months after further injections. Conclusion : We expect that localized injection of Botulinum toxin type A can provide an alternative treatment for the refractory cases to the traditional forms of therapy and avoid the recurrence in conjunction with proper medical and voice therapy against GER and vocal abuse.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.129-132
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• 2012

Background and Objectives : MPT is directly related to degree of glottal closure. So it is widely used in the assessment of glottal closure with unilateral vocal fold paralysis. But MPT could be influenced not only by glottal closure but also by pulmonary function. So MPT might not reflect glottal closure in UVFP with decreased pulmonary function. The purpose of the study is to evaluate usefulness of MPT and ratio of /s/ time to /z/ time before and after injection laryngoplasty in UVCP with decreased pulmonary function. Materials and Methods : This study involved 34 patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis : with decreased pulmonary function in group A (n=15) : with normal pulmonary function in group B (n=19). All patients underwent injection laryngoplasty. Paramters of perceptual analysis, acoustic analysis, aerodynamic analysis, videostroboscopy were compared between two groups. Results : Breathness and asthenic scale, G scale of perceptual analysis were significantly improved in both groups. Glottal gap index were significantly decreased after injection in both groups. In aerodynamic analysis, MPT was improved after injection laryngoplasty in both groups, but S/Z ratio was improved only in group B. In correlation analysis, /s/ time was not correlated with pulmonary function. Conclusion : S/Z ratio reflects neither the pulmonary function nor the glottal clousure properly. MPT is more useful indicator than S/Z ratio to evaluate vocal fold paralysis even with decreased pulmonary function.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.87-91
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• 2004

Background and Objectives : Temporary vocal fold injection is not only performed to restore the laryngeal function in temporary unilateral vocal fold paralysis or paresis, but also performed as a test injection prior to the permanent injection. Gelfoam has been safely used for the past several decades for the temporary vocal fold augmentation. Recently, we found a new material, called Radieses Lite, may be used as a temporary injection material. Material and Methods : We report preliminary results of 11 patients who had Radiesse Lite injection with a variety of pathologies. Results : Based on the results from the 6 patients who completed follow-up, the duration of effectiveness of Radiesse Lite seems to be from 2 to 3 months depending on the injection amount. Radiesse Lite satisfies several requirements of the ideal temporary vocal fold injection material in terms of injectability, convenience, duration of effectiveness and safety. Conclusion : The authors concluded that Radiesse Lite might be a good option for temporary vocal fold injection especially in the office setting.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.42-47
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• 2012

Followed by a paper on the Pig and Bone orthopedic prosthetic, this experiment using Phantom and Bone MRI imaging I, II of orthopedic prosthetic metal effect combines magnetic resonance imaging on metal signal-to-noise ratio(Signal to noise : SNR) and CNR(Contrast to noise: CNR), fat signal suppression(Fat-suppression) images was compared. Specimen trees to measure the reliability of the experimental reproducibility tests and statistical analysis using the SPSS statistical package was applied program SPSS(IBM SPSS Statistice 19) by * P = 0.000 < significance level $({\alpha})$ = 0.01 as a significant there was a correlation(** P < 0.01). SNR and CNR results did not directly proportional to the Titanium, Stainless, Clip CNR and fat signal suppression of the order of images of blood specimens was found to be close to the image. The impact of orthopedic prosthetic metals on magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnostic value of Titanium is relatively high and are meant more.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.118-122
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• 2017

Background and Objectives : In unilateral vocal fold paralysis (VFP), medialization thyroplasty (MT), arytenoid adduction (AA) and injection layrngoplasty (IL) are the most common procedures to correct phonatory problems. There is no consensus that which procedure is superior to the other for correcting the glottal insufficiency. The purpose of this study was to compare the phonatory parameters between MT, AA and AA with IL (AA+IL) in patients with unilateral VFP. Materials and Methods : This retrospective study enrolled patients from 2005 to 2016. Total 72 patients (49 male, 23 female, mean age 54.5 years) were classified into three groups ; MT (n=28), AA (n=12), and AA+IL (n=32). GRBAS scales, maximum phonation time (MPT), jitter, shimmer, noise to harmonic ratio (NHR), and voice handicap index (VHI)-10 and VHI-30 were preoperatively and postoperatively collected and compared between the three groups. Results : Age, gender and cause of VFP were not significantly different between the three groups. In MT and AA groups, MPT, VHI, G (overall grade) and B (breathiness) were significantly improved. In AA+IL group, jitter, shimmer, NHR, MPT, VHI, G and B were significantly improved. In analysis of differences (pre-postoperative values), ${\Delta}$ jitter (p<0.001), ${\Delta}$ shimmer (p=0.031), and ${\Delta}$ NHR (p=0.002) were significantly different and AA+IL group showed the greatest improvement. Conclusion : Analysis of voice parameters showed that all the three procedures for patients with unilateral VFP are effective in the improvement of voice ; especially in MPT, VHI-10, G and B scales. Compared to the others, AA+IL provided the better acoustic values including jitter, shimmer and NHR.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.113-117
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• 2005

Background and Objective : Vocal fold augmentation by injectable material under direct visual control is an easy and simple operation. However, when autologous fat or bovine collagen is used, the resoiption creates a problem. And autologous fascia is debating about absorption now days. We previously reported on the one year results of injected autologous auricular cartilage for volumetric augmentation in paralyzed canine vocal cord. This study evaluates the long-term histomorphologic results of injected autologous auricular cartilage for the augmentation of the paralyzed canine vocal fold at two year. Material and Methods . A prospective trial of autologous cartilage augmentation of vocal cord in animal model. Three dogs were operated upon. A piece of auricular cartilage was harvested from the ear and minced into tiny chips with a scalpel. Fat was harvested from inguinal area and minced with a scalpel. The minced cartilage and fat-paste (0.2ml) was injected using a pressure syringe into the paralyzed thyroarytenoid muscle using direct laryngoscopy. Three animals were sacrificed at 2 years. Each subject underwent laryngectomy and serial coronal sections of paraffin blocks from the posterior vocal fold were made. Results There was no significant complication perioperatively and during follow-up. The injected cartilage which appeared to have lost viability existed in the vocalis muscles until 24 months. Fibrotic change was exhibited in the surrounding injected cartilage. Conclusion : The autologous auricular cartilage graft is well tolerated and may be very effective material for volumetric augmentation on paralyzed vocal cord.