• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.227-234
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• 1998

Actin and tropomyosin of Cryptosporidium muris were localized by immunogold labeling. Two kinds of antibodies for actin labeling were used. The polyclonal antibody to skeletal muscle (chicken back muscle) actin was labeled on the pellicle and cytoplasmic vacuoles of parasites. The feeder organelle has showed a small amount of polyclonal actin antibody labeling as well. Whereas the monoclonal antibody to smooth muscle (chicken gizzard muscle) actin was chiefly labeled on the filamentous cytoplasm of parasites. The apical portion of host gastric epithelial cell cytoplasm was also labeled by smooth muscle actin together. The polyclonal antibody to tropomyosin was much more labeled at C. muris than host cells, so it could be easily identified even with low magnification (${\times}2,000$). The tropomyosin was observed along the pellicle, cytoplasmic vacuoles, and around the nucleus also. The skeletal muscle type actin seems to play a role in various celluar functions with tropomyosin in C. muris; on the other hand, the smooth muscle type actin was located mainly on the filamentous cytoplasm and supported the parasites firm attachment to host cells. Tropomyosin on the pellicle was thought to be able to stimulate the host as a major antigen through continuous shedding out by the escape of sporozoites or merozoites from their mother cells.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 1975

Various enzymes produced by the Basidiomycetes, i.e. Pleurotus ostreatus, Pholiota nameko and Flammulina velutipes have been analysed. The purpose of the analyses is to produce a nutritious fertilizer from saw dust, sweet potato stems, corn stems and barley stems which are known as the farm product waste materials. The results of the analyses are as follows: 1. In order for P. ostreatus, Pho. nameko and F. velutipes to grow properly, the saw dust of broad-leaved trees, poplar and chestnut were mixed with sweet-potato stems, corn stems and barley straws at the ratio of $42{\sim}49\;:\;30$, and then to this mixture was added rice bran at the ratio of $18{\sim}35\;:\;30$ The following proved to be optimum conditions for the growth in this test: the parcentage of water content $60{\sim}70%$, $24{\sim}26^{\circ}C$ degrees of temperature. 2. We analyzed the fiber contained in the above materials after 20 days growth in various media. We found out that the fiber was decomposed up to $47{\sim}50%$ and polysaccharified. Lignin was decomposed up to $20{\sim}25%$ and about three times as much protein was contained in the product as in the original materials. 3. Our analyses revealed the possibility of producing concentrated feed from the crude fiber.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.882-888
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• 1998

This study was designed as a part of efforts to investigate the biochemical pollutant markers for diagnosis of marine pollutions by changes in lipid components of the flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) in the South Sea of Korea, Hemoglobin levels in serum of cultured flounders in the South Sea were lower ($4\~17\%$) than those of wild flounder in Pohang as a control group. Triglyceride (TG), Total and low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol contents in serum of cultured flounders in the South Sea were $12\~25\%,\;9\~19\%$ and $17\~25\%$ respectively which are higher than those of wild flounder in Pohang. Atherogenic index (AI) and T-Chol/PL ratios in serum of cultured flounders in the South Sea were significantly higher($26\~43\%$ and $17\~26\%$ respectively) than those of wild flounder in Pohang. These results suggest that near-coastal water as well as neritic water of the South Sea might be affected by pollutant input as well as the Yellow Sea of Korea.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.274-278
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• 2013

The aim of our study was to investigate the chemical composition of the Asian ginseng seed (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) and the American ginseng seed (Panax quinquifolium L.) grown in Korea (3 years, KGS3; 4 years, KGS4), China (4 years, CGS4), and USA (4 years, AGS4). AGS had the heaviest 100-seed weight ($4.21{\pm}0.31g$). The approximate compositions of the ginseng seeds were 13.66-17.00% crude protein, 2.21-8.65% crude ash, 19.06-24.06% crude lipid, and 43.21-47.49% crude fiber. The mineral contents of the ginseng seeds were greater in order of K>P>Ca>Mg>Fe>Na>Zn >Cu. The unsaturated fatty acid content was 96.71-96.94%, and the major fatty acids oleic acid and linoleic acid were present. Total sugar content was 15.00-26.17 mg glucose/g. The acidic polysaccharide content was 0.56-0.80 mg ${\beta}$-Dgalacturonic acid/g. These results showed the differences in the physicochemical characteristics of ginseng seeds with respect to cultivation location, cultivation year, and species.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.1321-1328
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• 2019

Intermediate-wavelength solar radiation, also known as ultraviolet B (UVB: 290-320 nm) radiation, may cause premature aging and oxidative damage-dependent skin cancer in humans. UVB-induced formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-often a consequence of excessive exposure to these rays-could activate matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) such as MMP-1 and MMP-3. These enzymes break down type I collagen in human fibroblasts. In this study, we assessed the antioxidant and anti-aging effects of ethyl acetate extract of blueberry (EEB). An antioxidant test in blueberries evaluated ROS production using CCD-986sk cells and DPPH assay. In order to evaluate the anti-wrinkle efficacy of blueberries, the MMP-1 production and type 1 procollagen synthesis evaluated and the expression of MMP 1, 3 were tested through Western blot and RT- PCR. EEB exhibited 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and reduced the production of UVB-induced ROS. Also, EEB inhibited UVB-induced processes associated with photoaging and skin cancer, such as reduction in procollagen production and increase in MMP-1 production. More precisely, EEB (50 ㎍/ml) markedly suppressed mRNA and protein levels of MMP-1 and -3. The anti-aging effects are attributable to the antioxidant activity of EEB. These findings indicate that EEB has a protective effect against UVB-induced aging in human fibroblast cells by regulating the levels of type-1 procollagen, MMP-1, and MMP-3.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.348-360
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• 2011

To verify the volatile compounds contributing to coffee off-flavor, medium roasted Colombian, Sumatra, Ethiopian and light and dark roasted Colombian bean coffees were sequentially and studiously over extracted. Eight espresso samples and eight filter-dripped samples were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with the solidphase microextraction method and evaluated by sensory tests. In total, 67 compounds were detected, and desirable aroma decreased sharply, while off-flavors increased rapidly after 30 mL of espresso and 200 mL of drip coffee. Percent peak area of 4-ethylguaiacol revealed a linear increase during extraction and was highly correlated with increasing off-flavor, suggesting that it could be an indicator of over extraction. Considering the odor activity value, guaiacol and 4- vinylguaiacol were also contributory compounds to off-flavors.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.403-408
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• 2004

We studied active substances like crude cell wall components, crude protein, composing amino acids and free amino acids including orinithine cycle-related amino acids such as asparagine, ornithine and citrullin in fully ripe fruits of Korean native squash, Cucurbita moschata Poir. Crude protein content of 'Jeju 2' was the highest with $2,830\;{\mu}g/g$, while 'Sangju' was the lowest with $1,319\;{\mu}g/g$. Regarding the contents of crude cell wall components, fruit 'Kanghaw' was the highest with 2,961 mg% while 'Namhea' was the lowest with 1,582 mg%. Pectin contents of crude cell wall components were the highest in 'Kanghaw' (2,198 mg%) followed by 'Jeju 2' (2,178 mg%) and 'Jeju l' (1,461 mg%). The main contents of amino acids in squash were glutamic acid, aspartic acid, lysine, leucine and valine, which comprised to be more than 50% of total amino acid contents. Especially, in 'Jeju 2' aspartic acid and threonine were not detected. In fully ripe fruits, a total of 34 kinds of free amino acids were detected including 8 kinds of essential amino acids (histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, methionine, threonine and valine). More than 50% of the total free amino acids were aspartic acid and asparagine, and also all varieties were detected in ornithine, citrullin, and arginine, which are related to Ornithine cycle. There was a big difference in the contents of arginine in all varieties whereas the contents of ornithine and citrullin were very similar. 'Teaan' 29.34% was 7 times higher than 'Namhea' 4.30% in regards to arginine contents.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.374-379
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• 2014

After completing deacidification process and evacuating rest of solvent, white fine particles of MgO are found on the surface of archival materials, such as books and documents. When MgO particles remain on the surface of archives, instead of being well dispersed and absorbed into cellulose fiber of archives, such white fine particles are found. These particles have raised concerns for employees' deacidification environment and their health; however, the concerns have not been addressed. To find the cause of white fine particles on the surface of archives after deacidification process and to propose the its solution, an acidic paper and wood free paper were applied with deacidifying chemicals. We analyzed the domestic and abroad deacidifying chemicals' physical properties and conducted deacidifcation processes to find effects of different contents and sizes of MgO on white fine particles. When the size of MgO particle was 847 nm, there was significantly less amount of white fine particles on the surface of archival materials. This means that the size of MgO particle plays a significant role in producing white fine particles on the surface of archives.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.576-581
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• 2008

The chemical components of the wild vegetables Solidago virgaurea spp. gigantea, Aster glehni var. hondoensis, and Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus grown on Ulleung island, Korea were investigated. In dried powders of these three wild vegetables, the contents of moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, crude fiber, and crude ash were 3.77-5.72%, 15-29%, 3.50-6.68%, 4.00-6.01%, and 8.70-10.54%, respectively. There were differences in the levels and nature of organic acids in the vegetables; the major organic acids were succinic acid, citric acid, and malonic acid. The major free amino acids in the vegetables were glutamic acid, aspartic acid, arginine, and phenylalanine. Riboflavin contents were 90 mg% in Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus and $2{\sim}3$ mg% in the other vegetables. The thiamin contents were 113 mg% in Aster glehni var. hondoensis, 85 mg% in Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus, and 71 mg% in Solidago virgaurea spp. gigantea. The major fatty acids in the three vegetables were linolenic acid, linoleic acid, and palmitic acid; 60% of total fatty acid was linolenic acid. Catechins were present at 5.37 mg% in Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus, 2.46 mg% in Solidago virgaurea spp. gigantea, 1.29 mg% in Aster glehni var. hondoensis.(-) ECC was detected in only Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus. The contents of Ca, P, and Na in the three vegetables were higher than the contents of other minerals.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.358-364
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• 1995

In order to determine the moisture content level for safe storage of wild vegetables, drying characteristics and water vapor sorption characteristics of four vegetables, i.e., zucchini slice, sweet potato stem, taro stem, and platycodon, were investigated. The drying curves of these vegetables were consisted of three characteristic stages which were the initial settling down period, the constant drying rate period, and the falling drying rate period. And the falling rate period of the vegetables showed 2 or 3 parts of falling rate. All of the falling rate curves of the vegetables showed upwardly convex shape which is known as a characteristic pattern for the drying of fibrous food materials. The critical moisture contents of the vegetables were $8.29{\sim}9.75,\;10.40{\sim}15.08,\;9.51{\sim}14.52\;and\;3.29{\sim}3.56g\;H_2O/g$ dry solids for zucchini slice, sweet potato stem, taro stem, and platycodon, respectively. Activation energy values of drying rate during falling rate period were 2.30, 2.11, 4.97, and 2.80 kcal/mol for zucchini slice, sweet potato stem, taro stem, and platycodon respectively. The BET monolayer moisture contents of the vegetables were $10.05{\sim}13.59,\;9.49{\sim}12.69,\;9.50{\sim}16.48\;and\;5.01{\sim}5.44g\;H_2O/g$ dry solids for zucchini slice, sweet potato stem, taro stem, and platycodon, respectively. And these values were found to be very compatible with the values of the critical moisture content. Consequently, it was found that the moisture of these vegetables should be removed below the BET monolayer moisture content or below the critical moisture content for the long term storage.