• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.261-268
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• 2000

Fibrinolytic enzyme (FE-2) was purified from the fruiting bodies of Tricholoma saponaceum using DEAE-Cellulose chromatography and Mono-S column chromatography, The enzyme has a molecular weight of 18.23 kDa and include Zn$^{2+}$ ion as found by ICP/MS. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the enzyme was A-L-Y-V-G-X-S-P-X-Q-Q-S-L-L-V It has a pH optimum at pH 7.5, suggested that FE-2 was a neutral pretense. The activity of FE-2 was highly inhibited by EDTA and 1,10-phenanthroline, indicating that the enzyme is a metalloprotease. The activity of FE-2 was increased by $Mg^{2+}$, Zn$^{2+}$, Fe$^{2+}$, and Co$^{2+}$, but the enzyme activity was totally inhibited by Hg$^{2+}$. No inhibition was found with PMSF, E-64, pepstatin and 2-mercaptoethanol. The enzyme hydrolyzed both $A\alpha$ and B$\beta$ chains of human fibrinogen. The $\gamma$ chain was resistant to hydrolysis by FE-2.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.241-246
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• 2019

Samples (10 mg/mL) of wild Grifola frondosa aqueous extract and solvent fractions were examined for fibrinolytic, thrombin inhibitory, acetylcholinesterase inhibitory, and antioxidative activities to determine the biological activities. The fibrinolytic activity of the aqueous extract and solvent fractions was 0.93 and 0.73 plasmin units/mL, respectively. The thrombin inhibitory activity of the butanol extract was 79.60%. The chloroform fraction had high acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity (85.88%). The aqueous extract had low antioxidative activity (39.81%). The aqueous fraction hydrolyzed Bβ subunits of human fibrinogen but did not show any reactivity for the γ form of the human fibrinogen. The findings indicate the potential of wild Grifola frondosa for the development of drugs and bio-functional foods to prevent cardiovascular diseases.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.207-212
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• 2014

This study was conducted in order to investigate the physiological activities, including antioxidative, fibrinolytic, thrombin inhibitory, and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activities of the water extract and solvent fractions isolated from Pholiota adiposa. The antioxidative activities of the water extract and water fraction were 57.57% and 48.27%, respectively. The fibrinolytic activity was strong only in the ethyl acetate fraction at 0.70 plasmin units/mL. The ethyl acetate fraction showed high thrombin inhibitory activity, and a-glucosidase inhibitory activity at 77.67% and 89.32%, respectively. The ethyl acetate fraction hydrolyzed both $A{\alpha}$ and $B{\beta}$ subunits of human fibrinogen, but did not show reactivity for the ${\gamma}$ form of human fibrinogen. Fibrinolytic activity of the ethyl acetate fraction was not decreased by heating for 10 min at $100^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.178-184
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• 2017

This study was performed on 16 patients diagnosed with tsutsugamushi disease and cerebral infarction from January 2007 to December 2015. An acute cerebral infarction was diagnosed by brain MRI and MRA. Tsutsugamushi disease was diagnosed using a polymerase chain reaction. To distinguish the difference between the generalized cerebral infarction and infarction with tsutsugamushi disease, the blood pressure and body temperature were measured uponadmission. In general, the blood pressure increases during an acute cerebral infarction. Interestingly, in this study, 12 patients showed a systolic blood pressure less than 130 mmHg uponadmission. The location of the cerebral infarction and whether single or multiple cerebral infarction were examined. Thirteen patients had a cerebral infarction in anterior circulation and 3 patients developed in posterior circulation. To evaluate the coagulation disorders, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), D-dimer, fibrinogen, fibrin degradation product (FDP). D-dimer, which is generally known to increase in an acute cerebral infarction, showed a significant increase in the 13 patients. Fibrin degradation products (FDP) showed a significant increase in 15 patients. The pathophysiological mechanism of tsutsugamushi disease is known as vasculitis, which may result in an endothelial cell injury and proliferation of the endothelial wall, which may lead to a cerebral infarction accompanied by coagulopathy. Without endothelial cell damage and proliferation, a vasospasm caused by vasculitis may cause vasoconstriction and cerebral infarction.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.746-756
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• 2015

The goal of this study was to review the wood shrinkage published in Journal of The Korean Wood Science and Technology from 1976 to 2015. Previous studies reported that shrinkage from Larix kaempferi in the tangential, radial, longitudinal directions ranged from 4.21%-9.79%, 2.09%-4.67%, 0.17%-0.33%, respectively. When different drying methods including closed cylinder drying, oven drying, and room temperature drying were used, volumetric shrinkage of Dipterocarpus grandiflorus was different, ranging from 31.6% to 21.0%. With an increment of the drying temperature of $115^{\circ}C$, $120^{\circ}C$, $125^{\circ}C$, the shrinkage of Larix kaempferi did not show a consistent trend. When sample size of Pinus densiflora was increased from $20{\times}20{\times}20mm$ to $100{\times}100{\times}100mm$, the tangential, radial and volumetric shrinkage decreased 2.61%, 1.32%, 0.80%, respectively. When a caliper having a sensitivity of 0.01 mm was used to measure $20mm^3$ specimen from Cryptomeria japonica, the measurement error occurred 1.97% in the radial direction and 35.7% in the longitudinal direction. From the previous studies, wood shrinkage could be influenced by sample size, drying method and measurement technique.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.677-685
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• 1997

Thromboelastography(TEG) is the unique measure that gives rapid information about the whole clotting process. Simplifying the diagnosis of coagulopathy during operations, TEG can provide an adequate therapy for postoperative bleeding. Remarkable improvement in hemostasis after cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) has been achieved by the treatment with proteinase inhibitor aprotinin, but the hemostatic mechanism of aprotinin during CPB is still unclear. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of aprotinin on coagulation system during CPB by using TEG. Forty patients who underwent CPB were divided into two groups: aprotinin(2u 106 kallikrein inhibition units, as a single dose into the cardiopulmonary bypass priming solution) treatment group(male 14, female 8, mean age=50.Byears) and no aprotinin treatment(control) group(male 10, female 8, mean age=53.4 years). TEG, activated clotting time, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, platelet counts, fibrinogen an (ibrinogen degradation product(FDP) concentrations were checked before and after CPB(30 minutes after neutralization of heparin effect by protamine sulfate). There was no significant difference in other conventional coagulation tests of two groups except postcardiopulmonary bypass FDP concentration in control group, which was significantly increased compared to that in aprotinin group(p<0.05). In TEG variables of both groups, clot formation time(K) and alpha $angle(\alpha^{\circ})$ were significantly increased and decreased, respectively, after CPB(p<0.05), but fibrinolytic index(LYS60) was not changed during CPB. In aprotinin group, reaction time(R) was decreased significantly after CPB(p<0.05) but maximum amplitude(MA) was not changed(p>0.05). On the contrary, R was not changed markedly but MA was decreased significantly in control group after CPB(p<0.05). This result shows that main change in coagulation system during CPB is not hyperfibrinolysis but cecrease in clot strength by platelet dys unction, and the main effect of aprotinin during cardiopulmonary bypass is the maintenance of clot strength to the pre-CPB level by the preservation of platelet function.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.177-182
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• 1992

Levels of platelets and other hematological values were monitored in 21 Saimiri and 12 Aotus monkeys over a period of three weeks post·infection with monkey·adapted Indochina CDC-1 strain of Plasmedium falciparum. In both Snlinoiri sciureus boliviensis and Aetus nancymai karyotype-1 monkeys the severest thrombocytopenia was observed at 14 days post-infection coinciding with peak parasitemia, neutropenia, Iynlphocytosis, and anemia associated with severe hemoglobinemia and elevated fibrinogen degeneration products(FDP's), MCH and MCV profiles in Aotus monkeys decreased with ascending parasitemia. In contrast, these parameters in Saimiri were characterized by a significant compensatory increase correlating with parasitemia. In general, thrombocytopenia was one of the earliest clinical manifestations of the infection with the platelets returning to normal levels shortly after peak parasitenlia at 14 days. Platelet kinetics had a strong correlation with hematologic and parasitologic values in the Aotus nlodel. No consistent associations were observed between platelet kinetics and other parameters in the Saimiri model. These data indicate that the Aotus model for malaria is more predictable than the Saimiri. Further, platelet turnover rates and recovery provide a useful prognostic parameter during malaria infection. The results are discussed in relation to the value of the two species of monkeys as models for the pathogenesis of human malaria.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.7 s.80
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• pp.1174-1180
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• 2006

The present study was sought to clarify whether the combination of mental activity with subway noise affects hematological variables. Fifty-six healthy volunteers participated in this experiment and underwent a stress task consisting of combination_of mental activity (mental arithmetic) with subway noise for 50 min and 60min of recovery after the end of the stress task. Venous blood samples were collected for measuring CBC, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), fibrinogen concentration, D-dimer and high sensitive C-reactive protein (H-CRP) levels before (baseline), 50min of stress task (S-50m), and 60 min of recovery (R-60m). Total leukocyte, neutrophil and lymphocyte counts significantly increased at R-60m compared with baselines. RBC count at S-50m was higher, while monocyte counts at S-50m and R-60m were lower than those of baselines. aPTTs shortened at S-50m and R-60m, but PT reduced at R-60m as compared with baselines. D-dimer and H-CRP levels at S-50m and R-60m were significantly higher than those of baselines. These findings imply that a combination of mental activity with subway noise nay cause leukocytosis, homo-concentration, shortened PT and aPTT, decreased ESR, and raised D-dimer and H-CRP levels, suggesting possible development of inflammation and prothrombogenic reaction attributable to a subway environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.494-501
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• 2012

In the present paper, the ultrasound blood images were measured at both the human radial artery(RA) and common carotid artery(CCA), depending on the age, and the pulsatility index of blood echogenicity(PIBE) was analyzed. In addition, the ultrasound blood images were measured at both RA and CCA of both the stroke patients and the control group, and PIBE was compared. PIBE of RA for the young group was similar with that for the old group ($0.13{\pm}0.11$ and $0.16{\pm}0.03$). PIBE of CCA for the young group, however, was larger than that for the old group ($0.70{\pm}0.21$ and $0.32{\pm}0.01$), and was more variable depending on the subject. Similarly, the fibrinogen concentrations of the patients ($336{\pm}61$ and $340{\pm}126mg/dl$) were more than that of the control group ($264{\pm}38$ and $257{\pm}43mg/dl$), for both RA and CCA. The results indicate the possibility of the ultrasonic test on the correlation between erythrocyte aggregation and stroke, and it is expected that the in-vivo EA measurement would be clinically useful.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 2004

Purpose : Hypercoagulability is present in patients with nephrotic syndrome. Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1(PAI-1) is a major inhibitor of plasminogen activators. PAI-1 inactivates both tissue plasminogen activator(tPA) and urokinase plasminogen activator(uPA) by rapid formation of inactive 1:1 stoichiometric complexes. Recently some studies showed that the enhanced PAI-1 expression may be involved in the intraglomerular fibrinogen/fibrinrelated antigen deposition seen in nephrotic syndrome. Methods : PAI-1 gene promoter -844(G/A) polymorphism was evaluated in 146 children with minimal change nephrotic syndrome(MCNS) and 230 control subjects. The patients with MCNS were subdivided into 85 infrequent-relapser(IR) group and 61 frequent relapser(FR) group. PCR of PAI-1 gene promoter region including -844(G/A) and RFLP using the restriction enzyme Xhol were performed for each DNA samples extracted from the groups. Results : The distribution of PAI-1 genotype in the control group was G/G 81(32.5%), A/A 42(16.9%), and G/A 126(50.6%). The distribution of PAI-1 genotypes in the IR group of MCNS was G/G 29(34.1%), A/A 15(17.7%), and G/A 41(48.2%). The distribution of PAI-1 genotype in the FR group of MCNS was G/G 17(27.9%), A/A 18(29.5%), and G/A 26(42.6%). There was a significantly increased frequency of A/A genotype(P=0.0251) in the FR group of MCNS. Conclusion : Our results indicate that the PAI-1 gene promoter A/A genotype may be associated with the FR in MCNS.