• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.49 no.12
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• pp.209-218
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• 2012

Recently, the Field Programmable Stateful Logic Array (FPSLA) was proposed as one of the most promising system integration technologies which will extend the life of the Moore's law. This work is the first proposal of the FPSLA design automation flow, and the approaches to logic synthesis, synchronization, physical mapping, and automatic placement of the FPSLA designs. The synchronization at each gate for pipelining determines the x-coordinates of cells, and reduces the placement to 1-dimensional problems. The objective function and its gradients for the non-linear optimization of the net length and placement density have been remodeled for the reduced global placement problem. Also, a recursive algorithm has been proposed to legalize the placement by relaxing the density overflow of bipartite bin groups in a top-down hierarchical fashion. The proposed model and algorithm are implemented, and validated by applying them to the ACM/SIGDA benchmark designs. The output state of a gate in an FPSLA needs to be duplicated so that each fanout gate can be connected to a dedicated copy. This property has been taken into account by merging the duplicated nets into a hyperedge, and then, splitting the hyperedge into edges as the optimization progresses. This yields additional 18.4% of the cell count reduction in the most dense logic stage. The practicality of the FPSLA can be further enhanced primarily by incorporating into the logic synthesis the constraint to avoid the concentrated fains of gates on some logic stages. In addition, an efficient algorithm needs to be devised for the routing problem which is based on a complicated graph. The graph models the nanowire crossbar which is trimmed to be embedded into the FPSLA fabric, and therefore, asymmetric. These CAD tools can be used to evaluate the fabric efficiency during the architecture enhancement as well as automate the design.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.62-71
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• 2013

The passive emitter location method using TDOA and FDOA measurements has higher accuracy comparing to the single TDOA or FDOA based method. Moreover, it is able to estimate the velocity vector of a moving platform. Recently, several non-iterative methods were suggested using the nuisance parameter but the common reference sensor is needed for each pair of sensors. They show also relatively low performance in the case of a long range between the sensor groups and the emitter. To solve this, we derive the estimation method of the position and velocity of a moving platform based on the Gauss-Newton method. In addition, to analyze the estimation performance of the position and velocity, respectively, we decompose the CRLB matrix into each subspace. Simulation results show the estimation performance of the derived method and the CEP planes according to the given geometry of the sensors.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.101-108
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• 2003

Small-scale models have been frequently used for experimental evaluation of seismic performance because of limited testing facilities and economic reasons. However, there are not enough studies on similitude law for analogizing prototype structures accurately with small-scale models, although conventional similitude law based on geometry is not well consistent in the inelastic seismic behavior. When fabricating prototype and small-scale model of reinforced concrete structures by using the same material. added mass is demanded from a volumetric change and scale factor could be limited due to size of aggregate. Therefore, it is desirable that different material is used for small-scale models. Thus, a modified similitude law could be derived depending on geometric scale factor and equivalent modulus ratio. In this study, compressive strength tests are conducted to analyze equivalent modulus ratio of micro-concrete to normal-concrete. Equivalent modulus ratios are divided into multi phases, which are based on ultimate strain level. Therefore, an algorithm adaptable to the pseudodynamic test. considering equivalent multi-phase similitude law based on seismic damage levels, is developed. In addition, prior to the experiment. it is verified numerically if the algorithm is applicable to the pseudodynamic test.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.281-289
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• 1999

Small-scale hydropower projects at existing agricultural reservoirs can contribute to produce electric energy by maximizing the use of releases from the reservoirs. The irrigation water duration, the reservoir hydropower simulation, and the nonlinear programming model are employed to estimate potential hydroelectric energy at an existing reservoir. The nonlinear programming model consists of finding a maximum hydroelectric energy subject to irrigation water demand constraints. The sample reservoir given a set of inflow and irrigation water is considered. The optimal solutions by the optimization model yield the most hydroelectric energy for the analysis period in the three methods. Consequently, the nonlinear programming model uses the most water for hydropower generation with respect to the total inflow of the sample reservoir. It is also found that additional storage by increasing the normal water level of the sample reservoir does not significantly increase the annual hydroelectric energy for the given reservoir. It is expected that the optimization model and the proposed procedure for estimating potential hydroelectric energy can be applied to evaluate feasibility analysis for small scale hydropower additions at existing agricultural dams.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.313-323
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• 2016

Water temperature affects physical and biological processes in ecologies on river system and is important conditions for growth rate and spawning of fish species. The objective of this study is to compare models for water temperature during the summer season for the Fourchue River (St-Alexandre-de-Kamouraska, Quebec, Canada). For this, three different models, which are CEQUEAU, Auto-regressive Moving Average with eXogenous input and Nonlinear Autoregressive with eXogenous input, were applied and compared. Also, future water temperature in the Fourchue river were simulated and analyzed its result based on the CMIP5 climate models, RCP 2.6, 4.5, 8.5 climate change scenarios. As the result of the study, the water temperature in the Fourchue river are actually changed and median water temperature will increase $0.2{\sim}0.7^{\circ}C$ in June and could decrease by $0.2{\sim}1.1^{\circ}C$ in September. Also, the UILT ($24.9^{\circ}C$) for brook trout are also likely to occurred for several days.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.179-184
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• 2006

[ $\underline{Purpose}$ ]: To explore the effect of recombinant human EGF on the proliferation and survival of human fibroblast cell lines following irradiation. $\underline{Materials\;and\;Methods}$: Fibroblast was originated human skin and primary cultured. The trypan blue stain assay and MTT assay were used to study the proliferative effects of EGF on human fibroblast cell lines in vitro. An incubation of fibroblasts with rhEGF for 24 hours immediately after irradiation was counted everyday. Cell cycle distributions were analyzed by FACS analysis. $\underline{Results}$: Number of fibroblast was significantly more increased rhEGF (1.0 nM, 10 nM, 100 nM, 1,000 nM) treated cell than control after 8 Gy irradiation. Most effective dose of rhEGF was at 160 nM. These survival differences were maintained at 1 week later. Proportion of S phase was significantly increased on rhEGF treated cells. $\underline{Conclusion}$: rhEGF cause increased fibroblast proliferation following irradiation. We expect that rhEGF was effective for radiation induced wound healing.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.46-51
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• 2014

The most important process of engineering system optimal design is to identify the relationship between the design variables and system response. In case of the system optimization, Response Surface Method (RSM) is widely used. The optimization process of RSM generates the design space using the typical alternative candidates and finds the optimal design point in the generated design space. By changing the optimal point depending on the configuration of the design space, it is important to generate the design space. Therefor in this study, the design space is generated by using the relationship between design variables and system response based on Neuro-Response Surface Method (NRSM). And I try to construct the framework for optimal shape design based on NRSM that the optimum shape can be predicted using the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II) within the generated design space. In order to verify the usefulness of the constructed framework, we applied the nonlinear mathematical function problem. In this study, we can solve the constraints of time in the optimization process for the engineering problem and effective to determine the optimal design was possible. by using the generated framework for optimal shape design based on NRSM. In the future research, we try to apply the optimization problem for Naval Architectural & Ocean Engineering based on the results of this study.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.75-94
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• 2009

The process of obtaining third-party financing contacts was analyzed via a two-stage game model: a "signaling game" for the first stage,and a "principal-agent model" for the second stage. The two-stage game was solved by a process of backward induction. In the second stage game, the optimal effort level of the energy saving company (ESCO), the optimal compensation scheme of the energy user, and the optimal payoffs for both parties were derived for each subgame. The optimal solutions forthe different subgames were then compared with each other. Our main finding was that if there is some restriction on ESCO's revenue (e.g. a progressive sales tax) that causes ESCO's revenue toincrease at a decreasing rate, then the optimal sharing ratio is uniquely determined at a level of strictly less than one under a linear compensation scheme, i.e. a unique balance exists. Subgames have a unique equilibrium arrived at separately for each situation,. Within this equilibrium, energy users accept energy audit proposals from H-type ESCOs with high levels of technology, but reject proposals from L-type ESCOs with low levels of technology. While L-type ESCOs cannot attain profits in the third-party financing market, H-type ESCOS can pocket the price differential between L-type and H-type audit fees. Accordingly, revenues in an H-type ESCO equilibrium increase not only in line with the technology of the ESCO inquestion, but also faster than in an L-type equilibrium due to more advanced technology. At the same time, energy users receive some positive payoff by allowing ESCOs to perform third-party financing tasks within their existing energy system without incurring any extra costs.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.383-390
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• 2019

A helideck is one of the essential structures in offshore platforms for the transportation of goods and operating personnel between land and offshore sites. As such, it should be carefully designed and installed for the safety of the offshore platform. In this study, a structural design optimization method for a lightweight offshore helideck is developed based on a genetic algorithm and an attainable design set concept. A helideck consists of several types of structural members such as plates, girders, stiffeners, trusses, and support elements, and the dimensions of these members are typically pre-defined by manufacturers. Therefore, design sets are defined by collecting the standard section data for these members from the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC), and integer section labels are assigned as design variables in the genetic algorithm. The objective is to minimize the total weight of the offshore helideck while satisfying the maximum allowable stress criterion under various loading conditions including self-weight, wind direction, landing position, and landing condition. In addition, the unity check process is also utilized for additional verification of structural safety against buckling failure of the helideck.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.1786-1795
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• 2011

The trajectory control for omni-directional mobile robot is not easy. Especially, the tracking control which system uncertainty problem is included is much more difficult. This paper develops trajectory controller of 3-wheels omni-directional mobile robot using fuzzy multi-layered algorithm. The fuzzy control method is able to solve the problems of classical adaptive controller and conventional fuzzy adaptive controllers. It explains the architecture of a fuzzy adaptive controller using the robust property of a fuzzy controller. The basic idea of new adaptive control scheme is that an adaptive controller can be constructed with parallel combination of robust controllers. This new adaptive controller uses a fuzzy multi-layered architecture which has several independent fuzzy controllers in parallel, each with different robust stability area. Out of several independent fuzzy controllers, the most suited one is selected by a system identifier which observes variations in the controlled system parameter. This paper proposes a design procedure which can be carried out mathematically and systematically from the model of a controlled system; related mathematical theorems and their proofs are also given. Finally, the good performance of the developed mobile robot is confirmed through live tests of path control task.