• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.155-175
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• 2017

As social data become into the spotlight, mainstream web search engines provide data indicate how many people searched specific keyword: Web Search Traffic data. Web search traffic information is collection of each crowd that search for specific keyword. In a various area, web search traffic can be used as one of useful variables that represent the attention of common users on specific interests. A lot of studies uses web search traffic data to nowcast or forecast social phenomenon such as epidemic prediction, consumer pattern analysis, product life cycle, financial invest modeling and so on. Also web search traffic data have begun to be applied to predict tourist inbound. Proper demand prediction is needed because tourism is high value-added industry as increasing employment and foreign exchange. Among those tourists, especially Chinese tourists: Youke is continuously growing nowadays, Youke has been largest tourist inbound of Korea tourism for many years and tourism profits per one Youke as well. It is important that research into proper demand prediction approaches of Youke in both public and private sector. Accurate tourism demands prediction is important to efficient decision making in a limited resource. This study suggests improved model that reflects latest issue of society by presented the attention from group of individual. Trip abroad is generally high-involvement activity so that potential tourists likely deep into searching for information about their own trip. Web search traffic data presents tourists' attention in the process of preparation their journey instantaneous and dynamic way. So that this study attempted select key words that potential Chinese tourists likely searched out internet. Baidu-Chinese biggest web search engine that share over 80%- provides users with accessing to web search traffic data. Qualitative interview with potential tourists helps us to understand the information search behavior before a trip and identify the keywords for this study. Selected key words of web search traffic are categorized by how much directly related to "Korean Tourism" in a three levels. Classifying categories helps to find out which keyword can explain Youke inbound demands from close one to far one as distance of category. Web search traffic data of each key words gathered by web crawler developed to crawling web search data onto Baidu Index. Using automatically gathered variable data, linear model is designed by multiple regression analysis for suitable for operational application of decision and policy making because of easiness to explanation about variables' effective relationship. After regression linear models have composed, comparing with model composed traditional variables and model additional input web search traffic data variables to traditional model has conducted by significance and R squared. after comparing performance of models, final model is composed. Final regression model has improved explanation and advantage of real-time immediacy and convenience than traditional model. Furthermore, this study demonstrates system intuitively visualized to general use -Youke Mining solution has several functions of tourist decision making including embed final regression model. Youke Mining solution has algorithm based on data science and well-designed simple interface. In the end this research suggests three significant meanings on theoretical, practical and political aspects. Theoretically, Youke Mining system and the model in this research are the first step on the Youke inbound prediction using interactive and instant variable: web search traffic information represents tourists' attention while prepare their trip. Baidu web search traffic data has more than 80% of web search engine market. Practically, Baidu data could represent attention of the potential tourists who prepare their own tour as real-time. Finally, in political way, designed Chinese tourist demands prediction model based on web search traffic can be used to tourism decision making for efficient managing of resource and optimizing opportunity for successful policy.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.183-188
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• 2012

Purpose: The concern of improving the quality of life and reducing side effects related to cancer treatment has been a subject of interest in recent years with advances in cancer treatment techniques and increasing survival time. This study is an analysis of differing scattered dose to the contralateral breast using common different treatment techniques. Materials and Methods: Eclipse 10.0 (Varian, USA) based $30^{\circ}$ EDW (Enhanced dynamic wedge) plan, $15^{\circ}$ wedge plan, $30^{\circ}$ wedge plan, Open beam plan, FiF (field in field) plan were established using CT image of breast phantom which in our hospital. Each treatment plan were designed to exposure 400 cGy using CL-6EX (VARIAN, USA) and we measured scattered dose at 1 cm, 3 cm, 5 cm, 9 cm away from medial side of the phantom at 1 cm depth using ionization chamber (FC 65G, IBA). We carried out measurement by separating effect of medial tangential field and lateral tangential field and analyze. Results: The evaluation of scattered dose to contralateral breast, $30^{\circ}$ EDW plan, $15^{\circ}$ wedge plan, $30^{\circ}$ wedge plan, Open beam plan, FIF plan showed 6.55%, 4.72%, 2.79%, 2.33%, 1.87% about prescription dose of each treatment plan. The result of scattered dose measurement by separating effect of medial tangential field and lateral tangential field results were 4.94%, 3.33%, 1.55%, 1.17%, 0.77% about prescription dose at medial tangential field and 1.61%, 1.40%, 1.24%, 1.16%, 1.10% at lateral tangential field along with measured distance. Conclusion: In our experiment, FiF treatment technique generates minimum of scattered dose to contralateral breast which come from mainly phantom scatter factor. Whereas $30^{\circ}$ wedge plan generates maximum of scattered doses to contralateral breast and 3.3% of them was scattered from gantry head. The description of treatment planning system showed a loss of precision for a relatively low scatter dose region. Scattered dose out of Treatment radiation field is relatively lower than prescription dose but, in decision of radiation therapy, it cannot be ignored that doses to contralateral breast are related with probability of secondary cancer.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.107-113
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• 1992

Increasing frequency of skin cancer, mycosis fungoides, Kaposi's sarcoma etc, it need to treatment dose planning for total skin electron beam (TSEB) therapy. Appropriate treatment planning for TSEB therapy is needed to give homogeneous dose distribution throughout the entire skin surface. The energy of 6 MeV electron from the 18 MeV medical linear accelerator was adapted for superficial total skin electron beam therapy. The energy of the electron beam was reduced to 4.2 MeV by a $0.5\;cm\times90\;cm{\times}180\;cm$ acryl screen placed in a feet front of the patient. Six dual field beam was adapted for total skin irradiation to encompass the entire body surface from head to toe simultaneously. The patients were treated behind the acryl screen plate acted as a beam scatterer and contained a parallel-plate shallow ion chamber for dosimetry and beam monitoring. During treatment, the patient was placed in six different positions due to be homogeneous dose distribution for whole skin around the body. One treatment session delivered 400 cGy to the entire skin surface and patients were treated twice a week for eight consecutive weeks, which is equivalent to TDF value 57. instrumentation and techniques developed in determining the depth dose, dose distribution and bremsstrahlung dose are discussed.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.38 no.4 s.153
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• pp.281-292
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• 2005

The water balance analysis for the long-term water resources plan is a simple calculation that compares water demands with possible water supplies. For a watershed being considered the reports on the performance of the water balance analysis, however, have shown inconsistent results and thus have not earned credibility due to the uncertainty of the data acquired and models used. In this research, uncertainties in the water scarcity estimate were assessed through probability representation based on the Monte Carlo simulation using Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS). The natural flow, municipal demand, industrial demand, agricultural demand, and return flow rate were selected as representative input variables for the water balance analysis, and their distributions were set based on the linear regression and the entropy theory. The statistical properties of the output variable samples were analyzed in comparison with a deterministic estimate of the water scarcity of an existing study. Application of LHS to three sub-basins of the Geum river basin showed the deterministic estimate could be overestimated or underestimated. The sensitivity analysis as well as the uncertainty analysis found that the return flow rate of the agricultural water is the most uncertain but is rarely sensitive to the output of the water balance analysis.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.673-692
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• 2006

In order to test for the dynamic optimality condition for the use of nonrenewable resource, it is necessary to estimate the shadow value of the resource in situ. In the previous literatures, a time series for in situ price has been derived either as the difference between marginal revenue and marginal cost or by differentiating with respect to the quantity of ore extracted the restricted cost function in which the quantity of ore is quasi-fixed. However, not only inconsistent estimates are likely to be generated due to the nonmalleability of capital, but the estimate of marginal revenue will be affected by market power. Since firms will likely fail to minimize the cost of the reproducible inputs subject to market prices under realistic circumstances where imperfect factor markets, strikes, or government regulations are present, the shadow in situ values obtained by estimating the restricted cost function can be biased. This paper provides a valid methodology for checking the dynamic optimality condition for a nonrenewable resource by using the input distance function. Our methodology has some advantages over previous ones: only data on quantities of inputs and outputs are required; nor is the maintained hypothesis of cost minimization required; adoption of linear programming enables us to circumvent autocorrelated errors problem caused by use of time series or panel data. The dynamic optimality condition for domestic coal mining does not hold for constant discount rates ranging from 2 to 20 percent over the period 1970~1993. The dynamic optimality condition also does not hold for variable rates ranging from fourth to four times the real interest rate.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 1995.04a
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• pp.234-251
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• 1995

본 연구에서는 EDI감사 의사결정지원시스템을 개발하였다. 이를 위해서 기존의 EDP감사 의사결정지원시스템 및 감사전문가시스템분야의 연구를 고찰했다. EDI감사를 위한 의사결정지원시스템은 통계, 위험, 회사의 개요, 테스트 항목등의 데이타를 저장한 데이타베이스 시스템이다. 시스템 개발을 위해서 E/R(Entity Relation)이나 DFD(Data Flow Diagram)분석을 통해서 논리적인 설계를 하였다. 시스템 개발은 개인용 데이타베이스팩키지인 FoxPro를 사용하였다. 이 시스템을 통해서 감사인이 필요한 테스트 결과를 조회하거난 저장할 수 있고 통제, 위험, 회사등의 상호조회를 통한 필요한 통제나 위험정도를 쉽게 조회해 볼수 있다. 회사마다 필요한 통제, 위험, 테스트 항목등의 체크리스트가 달라지는 경우에 이 시스템을 통해서 입력 저장하여 각각의 회사에 대해 다른 체크리스트를 저장하여 놓을수 있다. 본 시스템은 EDI감사뿐만 아니라 일반 EDP감사분야에도 적용가능할 것이다. 종이를 사용한 감사증적이 없음으로 인해 수작업에 의한 EDI감사는 어려움이 있고 EDP감사시스템분야의 국내 연구가 전무한 실정에서 EDI감사를 지원하는 시스템의 연구는 의의를 갖는다고 생각된다. 본 시스템을 통해서 EDI의 보안 및 감사업무의 효율성이 높아지고 EDI에 대한 위험에 효율적으로 대처할수 있게 될 것이다. 그리고 이러한 보안 및 감사기법과 통제모형을 지식베이스로 구축해서 실제의 위험노출상황에서 가능한 보안을 위한 통제방안이 여러가지가 있는 경우에 비용/편익 분석, 효율성, 회사방침 및 법률적인 문제등을 고려해서 최적의 보안통제 및 감사기법을 선택하는 것을 지원할 수 있을 것이다.고리듬을 개발 함으로써 내부점 선형계획법의 수행속도의 개선에 도움이 될 것이다.성요소들을 제시하였다.용자 만족도가 보다 높은 것으 로 나타났다. 할 수 있는 효율적인 distributed system를 개발하는 것을 제시하였다. 본 논문은 데이타베이스론의 입장에서 아직 정립되어 있지 않은 분산 환경하에서의 관계형 데이타베이스의 데이타관리의 분류체계를 나름대로 정립하였다는데 그 의의가 있다. 또한 이것의 응용은 현재 분산데이타베이스 구축에 있어 나타나는 기술적인 문제점들을 어느정도 보완할 수 있다는 점에서 그 중요성이 있다.ence of a small(IxEpc),hot(Tex> SOK) core which contains two tempegatlue peaks at -15" east and north of MDS. The column density of HCaN is (1-3):n1014cm-2. Column density at distant position from MD5 is larger than that in the (:entral region. We have deduced that this hot-core has a mass of 10sR1 which i:s about an order of magnitude larger those obtained by previous studies.previous studies.업순서들의 상관관계를 고려하여 보다 개선된 해를 구하기 위한 연구가 요구된다. 또한, 준비작업비용을 발생시키는 작업장의 작업순서결정에 대해서도 연구를 행하여, 보완작업비용과 준비비용을 고려한 GMMAL 작업순서문제를 해결하기 위한 연구가 수행되어야 할 것이다.로 이루어

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.537-544
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• 2017

An experimental study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of the propagation distance of a flood wave considering the levee failure speed in a flat inundation area. The Ritter solution for one dimensional flow was considered to formulate the experimental results and a representative form with coefficients of k and m, which consider the three dimensional flow characteristics, was applied. The experiments showed that the propagation velocity of the wave front in the inundation area was influenced by the levee breach speed as well as the initial water level, which is a significant variable representing the flood wave behavior. In addition, coefficients k and m are not constants, but variables that vary with levee breach speed. An empirical formula was also suggested using the experimental results in the form of the relationships between k and m. In this study, a large-scale experiment for flood inundation was carried out to examine the behavior of flooding in the inundated area and the relationships between the levee breach speed and wave-front propagation velocity were suggested based on the experimental results. These research results are expected to be used as the baseline data to draw a flow inundation map, establish an emergency action plan, and verify the two-dimensional numerical model.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.13-21
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• 1987

The object of this study was to evaluate the management alternatives with respect to the attainable water quality and total cost(construction+O & M cost) in order to devise a reasonable water quality management system. Joong Ryang-cheon stream located Seoul, Korea was taken as the study area, and dissolved oxygen concentration as the water quality index. Water quality simulation model QUAL2E and linear programming optimization technique were used for scientific and rational analyses. It was assumed that the improvement of water quality could be obtained by the treatment of major point sources where imaginary treatment plants were constructed. And by this, the relationship between total cost of the treatment plants and the stepwise improvement of water quality was studied. The result showed that 3.5mg/l of DO(=dissolved oxygen) level at best could be attained in Joong Ryang-cheon stream during summer. When the DO standard was set 3.0mg/l in the severely polluted regions, more than 5.0mg/l of DO level can be achieved by the construction of 4 treatment plants. Also, the cost comparisons showed that the uniform treatment method is economically inefficient(\$24.8{\times}10^8$) in comparison with the least cost method(\$22.9{\times}10^8$), and there is little difference between the least cost method and the the zoned treatment method(\$23.0{\times}10^8$) that is regarded as more equitable, which shows the characteristics of this basin.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.95-102
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• 2001

The intracavitary cones were designed which were made of stainless steel and have scratched inside cone to be generated electron scatter and designed to be attached easily to the LINAC collimator and controlled cones length to be contacted smoothly between the patient and the cone tip. Two types of intracavitary cones were designed. One is the straight end cones with circular opening on the distal end and the other is 30 degree beveled end cones with elliptical opening on the distal end. Each type of intracavitary cone ranged in daimeter from 2.5 cm to 3.5 cm and required a separate set of lower trimmer annulias cone diameter. The film phantom was designed with an internal cassette that accurately aligned the film edge with the film phantom surface. Film optical density data were measured by photodensitometer(Wellhofer 700i) Dosimetry measurements were made to commission the LINAC for 6 - 20 MeV electron using the intracavitary cones. Isodose curves were measured for all energy and cones combinations. Output is defined as the maximum dose per MU along the clinical central axis in water at 113 cm SSD. Calibration output, defined to be the output for the 15cm$\times$15cm diameter straight cone, was adjusted to 1.00 cGy/MU at each energy according to the TG-21 protocol.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2017

The compact city usually provides good accessibility of residents with multiple transportation modes. However, in a compact city, annual average of travel distance per household by car is relatively short due to more congested traffic condition and larger travel cost than disperse city. As a result, total travel demand is decreasing when the region becomes more compact. Therefore compact development is regarded as one of the sustainable choices for future urban planning in many countries. This study aims at an empirical analysis of the relationship between urban compactness and travel demand based upon land-use and travel data for city of Seoul. In this study, 424 sub-districts with the mixed land-use patterns are assessed in a hexagonal diagram. The measurement is based on the relative deviation of each sector's characteristics including numbers of residence, manufacture, and trade & service. Multiple linear regression models are developed to analyze the effects of urban compactness on zonal trip generations. As a result, the trip generation rate in the residence-intensive and mixed-use areas is found to be relatively low. Furthermore, residents in high-compact areas tend to use public transport more often than residents in less compact areas.