• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.119-129
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• 2009

In relation to slope stability analysis, geologic characteristics and engineering properties of the discontinuities in three slopes selected are compared and analyzed by both square-inventory method and scanline survey. The aim of the study is in evaluating which method is applied better in slope stability analysis by comparing results of the two methods with those of direct observation on outcrop of slope failures generated. In each slope, results of comparative analysis among geologic and engineering properties are analyzed similarly one another. However, results of orientation analysis in slope 2 are different each other, which indicates orientation of joints in slope 2 depends on persistency and frequency of each joint and also indicates appearance of new joint set with different orientation. Probability density distribution and spacing in slope 3 are high in comparison to those in slope 2 and 3. The reasons are that distribution of psammitic rocks and development of minor folds in slope 3 unlike slope 2 and 3 are closely associated with development of joints. The research data indicate that the square-inventory method predicts more precise failure aspects and is more effective way than scanline survey in analyzing slope stability of the study area.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.171-183
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• 1997

Diversity, abundance, species distributions and distributions of two strategists (specialist and geceralist) of butterflies were investigated monthly from June 1996 to Oct. 1996 by line transect method in the Chunbul-dong valley from park gate to Yangpok Sanjang. The butterfly faunas of the eight regions in Kwangwon province, Gyunggi proavince and Pusan were also studied by the same method to assess diversity and abundance of butterfly community in the study region. The 18 butterfly species in 7 families were found in this study and the 48 butterfly species in 7 families were distributed in the study area from thes study and the other researches. The 30 butterfly species reported in the other studies were not found in this study and Kaniska canace L. of them would be to decrease in density. In the study area, the common species were Artogeia melete M., Neptis sappho P. and Libythea celtis F.. The representative Korean common butterflies such as Artogeia rapae L., Colias erate E. and Papillio xuthus L. were rare. The PCA(Principal Component Analysis) ordinations indicate that habitat disturbance by human would be major factor for butterfly community and species distribution. Difference was not found in diversity according to habitat disturbance. Abundance, however, was higher in the disturbed region than the undisturbed region. Compared with the other regions, abundance was greatly lower and diversity was slightly lower than that of the other regions. Two strategists exhibited different distribution patterns. Generalists were found more commonly in the disturbed region and widely distributed in both of the disturbed region and the undisturbed region than specialists.

• Proceedings of the KSEG Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.201-210
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• 2002

서울시 북동부의 서울화강암에 대한 암반 공학적 특성 중 터널과 도로 건설시 중요하게 취급되는 절리의 방향성, 절리간격, 절리밀도, 암석의 일축압축강도, 그리고 RQD 값을 수락산과 불암산지역으로 구분하여 비교, 분석하였다. 이 중 절리의 방향성, 절리간격과 절리밀도는 선조사법, 원형조사법, 그리고 면적조사법을 이용하여 야외에서 직접 측정하였다. 암석의 일축압축강도와 RQD의 측정은 시추코아의 표본이 필요하지만 이번 연구에서는 간단히 응용할 수 있는 대비공식을 이용하여 계산하였다. 측정된 대표적인 절리의 방향성은 두 지역에서 모두 3조의 방향성이 나타났으며 즉 2조의 수직정방절리와 저각으로 경사하는 1조의 판상절리로 판명되었으며 두 지역에서 서로 유사한 방향성을 갖는다. 측정된 절리밀도는 0.039-0.066/cm이었으며, 평균절리길이는 1.30-4.52m, 그리고 평균절리간격은 10.3cm에서 최대 59.6cm로 측정된 절리의 방향에 따라 변화가 심하다 또한 슈미트 해머 타격값에 근거한 절리면의 일축압축강도는 217 MPa에서 335 MPa로 매우 강한 암체였으며, 평균절리간격에 기초하여 계산된 이론적 RQD 값은 73.1-98.7%의 값을 갖는 것으로 나타났다.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.697-704
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• 2014

Mt. Hallasan in Jejudo has been well known as a habitat for both northern and southern limited butterflies and attracts the interests of many lepidopterists. In this study, the line transect method was used to monitor the community and similarity of butterflies monthly monitoring from May to September 2013, and the results were compared with the previous data. Through monitoring, 3,397 individuals in 26 species of 5 families were found in the present study. The monitored individuals belonging to 4 species (Aphantopus hyperantus, Eumenis autono, Lethe diana and Melanargia epimede) was 2,578 (75.9%), showing the prevalent species among the butterflies observed in the grassy area of the Mt. Hallasan. The butterflies inhabiting Mt. Hallasan showed higher similarity in the area where the open grassy space and the crowns of tree layer coexist than in landscape consisting of solely the tree layer or open grassy space. The habitation of butterflies by heights showed the altitudes between 1,665 to 1,700 m, located beneath the Baekrokdam (the crater) of Mt. Hallasan, possessed the most species and individuals. And it was also observed that the species that previously inhabited the subalpine zone moved to the area of higher altitudes together with the species that previously inhabited rather lower altitudes than the subalpine zone.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.347-354
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• 2014

This study was carried out to clarify the change of butterfly community after clear cutting. Butterfly survey was conducted in clear cutting area, forest road, and forest using line transect method from May to November in 2011. A total of 32 species and 398 individuals of butterflies were observed. Abundance of food niche breadth and habitat type was significantly higher in clear cutting area than in forest. Estimated species richness and species diversity were significantly higher in clear cutting area than in forest. In clear cutting area, Leptidea amurensis and Argynnis niobe, vulnerable species, were abundant. This result suggests that grasslands formed by clear cutting play an important role to increase butterfly diversity in forest ecosystem.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Environment and Ecology Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.169-175
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• 2007

본 연구는 제주 한남시험림에서 2006년 11월부터 2007년 2월까지 매달 3일 연속으로 선조사법 실시 2개 지역과 정점조사법 실시 2개 지역을 정하여 동계 조류 군집을 조사하였다. 총 32종의 조류를 확인하였으며, 출현빈도 0.50 이상인 조류는 11월 직박구리, 검은머리방울새, 큰부리까마귀, 곤줄박이, 멧비둘기, 박새였으며, 12월 직박구리, 큰부리까마귀, 검은머리방울새, 곤줄박이, 멧비둘기, 노랑턱멧새, 박새였으며, 1월 직박구리, 큰부리까마귀, 곤줄박이, 멧비둘기, 박새였으며 2월 곤줄박이, 큰부리까마귀, 직박구리, 검은머리방울새, 노랑턱멧새, 박새였다. 박새류 중 곤줄박이, 진박새, 박새 3종만을 확인하였으며, 기존 문헌에 기재된 쇠박새는 확인하지 못하였다. 큰오색딱다구리의 관찰빈도는 평균 0.37로서 육지(mainland)에 비하여 높았으며, 삼나무숲과 활엽수림에서 둥지를 발견할 수 있었다. 향후, 지속가능한 산림경영과 관련하여 큰오색딱다구리를 비롯한 산림성 조류에 대한 지속적 모니터링에 대한 고찰을 하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2014.11a
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• pp.229-230
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• 2014

본 연구는 소아백혈병의 치료 방법 중 하나인 조혈모세포이식법의 전처치로서 사용되고 있는 전신방사선조사법에 대하여 선량분포에 대한 연구를 진행한 것으로, MCNPX 프로그램을 이용하여 모의실험을 하였다. 결과 피부선량은 평균 112.43 mGy/min, 심부장기선량은 평균 47.52 mGy/min으로 나타났으며, 조직보상체의 재질과 거리에 따라 다르게 나타나는 경향성을 볼 수 있었으며, 결과를 바탕으로 전신방사선조사를 임하기 전에 정량적인 선량평가를 할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.115-123
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• 2011

Although Guleopdo is small island of only $1.71\;km^2$, the endangered butterfly species, Argynnis nerippe, is abundant there. This study was carried out to estimate the abundance of A. nerippe in Guleopdo, using quadrate, mark-recapture, and line-transect methods. Although the study was insufficient, the population size was estimated at 4,467 to 6,700 larvae and approx. 1,000 adults. A. nerippe was the most abundant among butterfly species in Guleopdo, and it comprised 32% of the total butterflies. A total of 28 butterfly species were observed in this study, and 3 species of these species were migrating species. When the abundance of A. nerippe throughout the country during the period from 1938 to 2010 was studied, we found that it decreased abruptly in the 2000s. Presently, A. nerippe inhabits a few locations in the mid-northern region and western islands. The relatively high numbers of A. nerippe in Guleopdo was due to conservation of natural grasslands and grazing of livestock, which provides adequate habitat for this species.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.317-323
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• 2012

Fragmented urban forests, as green islands within urban area, are the primary habitats for a vast number of different organisms inhabiting large cities. The areas of the urban forests are usually small, and hence, the proportion of the forest edge is relatively high. It is therefore expected that overall butterfly diversity may be lower than that of suburban or rural forests, and that those of grassland species, forest edge species, and generalist species with a wider niche breadth may be richer. Butterflies were surveyed weekly by the line transact method in order to characterize the butterfly community of the Hongneung Forest, a fragmented urban forest in Seoul. Butterfly richness of the study forest is much lower than those of main forests around or in Seoul. Grassland species, forest edge species, and generalist species were found to be richer, which was in agreement with the expected patterns of urban butterfly communities. Also, an endangered species, Spindasis takanonis, was observed in the Hongneung Forest, showing that urban forests play important roles for conservation of rare species.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.213-220
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• 1994

This study was conducted to investigate bird community and to suggest a proper way how to manage and protect bird community in Tokyusan National Park. The survey was carried over 2 main trail districts by line transect method at 20, February and 22, July in 1993. The observed birds were belong to 5 orders 17 families 34 species, they also have Sparrow Hawk Accipiter nisus, Kestrel Falco tinunnculus(natural monument no. 323), White-backed Woodpecker Dendrocopos leucotos(R) and Japanese Waxwing Bombycilla japonica(R). It is estimated that grass region above 1,000m altitude provided breeding habitats for Gray-headed Bunting Emberiza fucata in summer and wintering habitats for Rosy Finch Leucosticte arctoa in winter, This shows that this region should be protected for inhabitation of these birds. Mujukucheontong valley of Tokyusan National Park, which had been a good habitat for valley-inhabituating birds before twenty years ago, has a lower species richness by increasing using density, and so this valley shoud be properly managed urgently.